cpan/perlfaq - Update to version 5.20230812

5.20230812  2023-08-12 21:30:12Z
  * some typo fixes to perlfaq4 (PR #103 and PR#104, brian d foy)
  * some wording improvements to perlfaq4 for "Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?"
    (PR#104, resolves issue #101, brian d foy)
  * some updates to perlfaq2 for perl magazines (PR#105, brian d foy)

Author: karenetheridge

Porting/Maintainers.pl

@@ -918,7 +918,8 @@ package Maintainers;
     },
 
     'perlfaq' => {
-        'DISTRIBUTION' => 'ETHER/perlfaq-5.20230701.tar.gz',
+        'DISTRIBUTION' => 'ETHER/perlfaq-5.20230812.tar.gz',
+        'SYNCINFO'     => 'jkeenan on Wed Aug 16 18:13:51 2023',
         'FILES'        => q[cpan/perlfaq],
         'EXCLUDED'     => [ qr/^inc/, qr/^xt/, qr{^t/00-} ],
     },

cpan/perlfaq/lib/perlfaq.pm

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ use strict;
 use warnings;
 package perlfaq;
 
-our $VERSION = '5.20230701';
+our $VERSION = '5.20230812';
 
 1;

cpan/perlfaq/lib/perlfaq.pod

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ perlfaq - Frequently asked questions about Perl
 
 =head1 VERSION
 
-version 5.20230701
+version 5.20230812
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 

cpan/perlfaq/lib/perlfaq1.pod

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl
 
 =head1 VERSION
 
-version 5.20230701
+version 5.20230812
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 

cpan/perlfaq/lib/perlfaq2.pod

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
+=pod
+
+=encoding UTF-8
+
 =head1 NAME
 
 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl
 
 =head1 VERSION
 
-version 5.20230701
+version 5.20230812
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 
@@ -172,12 +176,16 @@ There are many good L<books on Perl|http://www.perl.org/books/library.html>.
 
 =head2 Which magazines have Perl content?
 
-There's also I<$foo Magazin>, a German magazine dedicated to Perl, at
-( L<http://www.foo-magazin.de> ). The I<Perl-Zeitung> is another
-German-speaking magazine for Perl beginners (see
-L<http://perl-zeitung.at.tf> ).
+There are no current magazines that focus on Perl, although you sometimes
+will find Perl content in more general interest programming titles.
+
+In the distant past, there have been a few Perl magazines. The first was I<The Perl
+Journal>, published by Jon Orwant. After that, there was I<The Perl Review>,
+published by brian d foy, and  I<$foo Magazin>, published by Renée Bäcker
+(L<http://www.foo-magazin.de>).
 
-Several Unix/Linux related magazines frequently include articles on Perl.
+The closest you might find today is Perl Weekly, (L<https://perlweekly.com>),
+an online newsletter with a magazine-like format.
 
 =head2 Which Perl blogs should I read?
 

cpan/perlfaq/lib/perlfaq3.pod

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ perlfaq3 - Programming Tools
 
 =head1 VERSION
 
-version 5.20230701
+version 5.20230812
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 

cpan/perlfaq/lib/perlfaq4.pod

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation
 
 =head1 VERSION
 
-version 5.20230701
+version 5.20230812
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 
@@ -277,32 +277,63 @@ are left as an exercise to the inclined reader.
 
 =head2 Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
 
-The behavior of binary arithmetic operators depends on whether they're
-used on numbers or strings. The operators treat a string as a series
-of bits and work with that (the string C<"3"> is the bit pattern
-C<00110011>). The operators work with the binary form of a number
-(the number C<3> is treated as the bit pattern C<00000011>).
+Perl's C<&> bitwise operator works on both numbers and strings,
+sometimes producing surprising results when you expected a number
+but received a string. You probably expected perl to automatically
+convert the operands to numbers like the mathematical operators would.
+Instead, perl treats string operands as bitvectors.
 
-So, saying C<11 & 3> performs the "and" operation on numbers (yielding
-C<3>). Saying C<"11" & "3"> performs the "and" operation on strings
-(yielding C<"1">).
+Consider the bitwise difference between the number 3 and the bitvector
+represented by "3". A number has the bit pattern for its magnitude. The
+number 3 is 0b11 (a 2 and a 1). The bitvector has the bit pattern that
+is the ordinal value for each octet, and that value is unrelated to any
+numeric value that the digit represents. The character "3" is the
+bitvector 0b0011_0011.
 
-Most problems with C<&> and C<|> arise because the programmer thinks
-they have a number but really it's a string or vice versa. To avoid this,
-stringify the arguments explicitly (using C<""> or C<qq()>) or convert them
-to numbers explicitly (using C<0+$arg>). The rest arise because
-the programmer says:
+These operations have different results even though you might think they
+look like the same "number":
 
-    if ("\020\020" & "\101\101") {
-        # ...
-    }
+	 11  &  3;   # 0b0000_1011 & 0b0000_0011
+	             #     -> 0b0000_0011   (number 3)
+	"11" & "3";  # 0b0011_0001_0011_0001 & 0b0011_0011
+	             #     -> 0b0011_0001   (ASCII char "1")
 
-but a string consisting of two null bytes (the result of C<"\020\020"
-& "\101\101">) is not a false value in Perl. You need:
+Note that if any operand has a numeric value, perl uses numeric
+semantics (although you should not count on this):
 
-    if ( ("\020\020" & "\101\101") !~ /[^\000]/) {
-        # ...
-    }
+	my($i, $j) = ( 11,   3 );   # $i & $j  # 11  &  3 -> 3
+ 	my($i, $j) = ("11",  3 );   # $i & $j  # 11  &  3 -> 3
+ 	my($i, $j) = ("11", "3");   # $i & $j  # "11"  &  "3" -> 1
+
+Remember that a perl scalar can have both string and numeric values at
+the same time. A value that starts as a string and has never encountered
+a numeric operation has no numeric value yet. Perl does this to save
+time and work so it doesn't have to decide a numeric value for a scalar
+it might never use as a number. In that case, string semantics wins. But,
+if there is a numeric value already, numeric semantics win. Force perl
+to compute the numeric value by adding 0:
+
+    my($i, $j) = ("11", "3"); $j += 0  # $i & $j  # "11"  &  3 -> 3
+
+However, this is not a documented feature, or as L<perlop> says, it "is not
+well defined". One way to fix ensure numeric semantics is to explicitly
+convert both of values to numbers:
+
+	(0+$i) & (0+$j)
+
+To fix this annoyance, Perl v5.22 separated the string and number
+behavior. The C<bitwise> feature introduced four new operators that
+would work with only string semantics: C<&.>, C<|.>, C<^.>, and C<~.>.
+The original operators, C<&>, C<|>, C<^>, and C<~>, would then apply
+only numeric semantics.
+
+Enable this feature explicitly with L<feature>:
+
+	use feature qw(bitwise);
+
+Or, as of v5.28, require the minimum version of perl with C<use>:
+
+	use v5.28;  # bitwise feature for free
 
 =head2 How do I multiply matrices?
 
@@ -432,7 +463,7 @@ To get the day of year for any date, use L<POSIX>'s C<mktime> to get
 a time in epoch seconds for the argument to C<localtime>.
 
     use POSIX qw/mktime strftime/;
-    my $week_of_year = strftime "%W",
+    my $week_of_year = strftime "%j",
         localtime( mktime( 0, 0, 0, 18, 11, 87 ) );
 
 You can also use L<Time::Piece>, which comes with Perl and provides a
@@ -1365,8 +1396,8 @@ by a comma:
 Since you're assigning to a scalar, the righthand side is in scalar
 context. The comma operator (yes, it's an operator!) in scalar
 context evaluates its lefthand side, throws away the result, and
-evaluates it's righthand side and returns the result. In effect,
-that list-lookalike assigns to C<$scalar> it's rightmost value. Many
+evaluates its righthand side and returns the result. In effect,
+that list-lookalike assigns to C<$scalar> its rightmost value. Many
 people mess this up because they choose a list-lookalike whose
 last element is also the count they expect:
 
@@ -2172,7 +2203,7 @@ This is very similar to "How do I process an entire hash?", also in
 L<perlfaq4>, but a bit simpler in the common cases.
 
 You can use the C<keys()> built-in function in scalar context to find out
-have many entries you have in a hash:
+how many entries you have in a hash:
 
     my $key_count = keys %hash; # must be scalar context!
 

cpan/perlfaq/lib/perlfaq5.pod

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ perlfaq5 - Files and Formats
 
 =head1 VERSION
 
-version 5.20230701
+version 5.20230812
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 

cpan/perlfaq/lib/perlfaq6.pod

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions
 
 =head1 VERSION
 
-version 5.20230701
+version 5.20230812
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 

cpan/perlfaq/lib/perlfaq7.pod

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues
 
 =head1 VERSION
 
-version 5.20230701
+version 5.20230812
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 

cpan/perlfaq/lib/perlfaq8.pod

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ perlfaq8 - System Interaction
 
 =head1 VERSION
 
-version 5.20230701
+version 5.20230812
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 

cpan/perlfaq/lib/perlfaq9.pod

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ perlfaq9 - Web, Email and Networking
 
 =head1 VERSION
 
-version 5.20230701
+version 5.20230812
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 

cpan/perlfaq/lib/perlglossary.pod

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ perlglossary - Perl Glossary
 
 =head1 VERSION
 
-version 5.20230701
+version 5.20230812
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION