diff --git a/docs/react/guides/migrating-to-v5.md b/docs/react/guides/migrating-to-v5.md
index a1c4e8ada7..b19440e22e 100644
--- a/docs/react/guides/migrating-to-v5.md
+++ b/docs/react/guides/migrating-to-v5.md
@@ -276,6 +276,14 @@ There are some caveats to this change however, which you must be aware of:
 
 The `visibilitychange` event is used exclusively now. This is possible because we only support browsers that support the `visibilitychange` event. This fixes a bunch of issues [as listed here](https://github.com/TanStack/query/pull/4805).
 
+### Network status no longer relies on the `navigator.onLine` property
+
+`navigator.onLine` doesn't work well in Chromium based browsers. There are [a lot of issues](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/list?q=navigator.online) around false negatives, which lead to Queries being wrongfully marked as `offline`.
+
+To circumvent this, we now always start with `online: true` and only listen to `online` and `offline` events to update the status.
+
+This should reduce the likelihood of false negatives, however, it might mean false positives for offline apps that load via serviceWorkers, which can work even without an internet connection.
+
 ### Removed custom `context` prop in favor of custom `queryClient` instance
 
 In v4, we introduced the possibility to pass a custom `context` to all react-query hooks. This allowed for proper isolation when using MicroFrontends.
diff --git a/docs/react/reference/focusManager.md b/docs/react/reference/focusManager.md
index edf2c94e78..1d8abe6144 100644
--- a/docs/react/reference/focusManager.md
+++ b/docs/react/reference/focusManager.md
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ It can be used to change the default event listeners or to manually change the f
 Its available methods are:
 
 - [`setEventListener`](#focusmanagerseteventlistener)
+- [`subscribe`](#focusmanagersubscribe)
 - [`setFocused`](#focusmanagersetfocused)
 - [`isFocused`](#focusmanagerisfocused)
 
@@ -33,9 +34,21 @@ focusManager.setEventListener((handleFocus) => {
 })
 ```
 
+## `focusManager.subscribe`
+
+`subscribe` can be used to subscribe to changes in the visibility state. It returns an unsubscribe function:
+
+```tsx
+import { focusManager } from '@tanstack/react-query'
+
+const unsubscribe = focusManager.subscribe(isVisible => {
+  console.log('isVisible', isVisible)
+})
+```
+
 ## `focusManager.setFocused`
 
-`setFocused` can be used to manually set the focus state. Set `undefined` to fallback to the default focus check.
+`setFocused` can be used to manually set the focus state. Set `undefined` to fall back to the default focus check.
 
 ```tsx
 import { focusManager } from '@tanstack/react-query'
diff --git a/docs/react/reference/onlineManager.md b/docs/react/reference/onlineManager.md
index 4b6536e9e0..b563010ae8 100644
--- a/docs/react/reference/onlineManager.md
+++ b/docs/react/reference/onlineManager.md
@@ -3,13 +3,20 @@ id: OnlineManager
 title: OnlineManager
 ---
 
-The `OnlineManager` manages the online state within TanStack Query.
+The `OnlineManager` manages the online state within TanStack Query. It can be used to change the default event listeners or to manually change the online state.
 
-It can be used to change the default event listeners or to manually change the online state.
+> Per default, the `onlineManager` assumes an active network connection, and listens to the `online` and `offline` events on the `window` object to detect changes.
+
+> In previous versions, `navigator.onLine` was used to determine the network status. However, it doesn't work well in Chromium based browsers. There are [a lot of issues](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/list?q=navigator.online) around false negatives, which lead to Queries being wrongfully marked as `offline`.
+
+> To circumvent this, we now always start with `online: true` and only listen to `online` and `offline` events to update the status.
+
+> This should reduce the likelihood of false negatives, however, it might mean false positives for offline apps that load via serviceWorkers, which can work even without an internet connection.
 
 Its available methods are:
 
 - [`setEventListener`](#onlinemanagerseteventlistener)
+- [`subscribe`](#onlinemanagersubscribe)
 - [`setOnline`](#onlinemanagersetonline)
 - [`isOnline`](#onlinemanagerisonline)
 
@@ -28,9 +35,21 @@ onlineManager.setEventListener(setOnline => {
 })
 ```
 
+## `onlineManager.subscribe`
+
+`subscribe` can be used to subscribe to changes in the online state. It returns an unsubscribe function:
+
+```tsx
+import { onlineManager } from '@tanstack/react-query'
+
+const unsubscribe = onlineManager.subscribe(isOnline => {
+  console.log('isOnline', isOnline)
+})
+```
+
 ## `onlineManager.setOnline`
 
-`setOnline` can be used to manually set the online state. Set `undefined` to fallback to the default online check.
+`setOnline` can be used to manually set the online state.
 
 ```tsx
 import { onlineManager } from '@tanstack/react-query'
@@ -40,14 +59,11 @@ onlineManager.setOnline(true)
 
 // Set to offline
 onlineManager.setOnline(false)
-
-// Fallback to the default online check
-onlineManager.setOnline(undefined)
 ```
 
 **Options**
 
-- `online: boolean | undefined`
+- `online: boolean`
 
 ## `onlineManager.isOnline`
 
diff --git a/packages/query-core/src/onlineManager.ts b/packages/query-core/src/onlineManager.ts
index 22c4c1375e..daf77d5a4c 100644
--- a/packages/query-core/src/onlineManager.ts
+++ b/packages/query-core/src/onlineManager.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 import { Subscribable } from './subscribable'
 import { isServer } from './utils'
 
-type SetupFn = (
-  setOnline: (online?: boolean) => void,
-) => (() => void) | undefined
+type Listener = (online: boolean) => void
+type SetupFn = (setOnline: Listener) => (() => void) | undefined
 
-const onlineEvents = ['online', 'offline'] as const
-
-export class OnlineManager extends Subscribable {
-  #online?: boolean
+export class OnlineManager extends Subscribable<Listener> {
+  #online = true
   #cleanup?: () => void
 
   #setup: SetupFn
@@ -19,17 +16,16 @@ export class OnlineManager extends Subscribable {
       // addEventListener does not exist in React Native, but window does
       // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unnecessary-condition
       if (!isServer && window.addEventListener) {
-        const listener = () => onOnline()
+        const onlineListener = () => onOnline(true)
+        const offlineListener = () => onOnline(false)
         // Listen to online
-        onlineEvents.forEach((event) => {
-          window.addEventListener(event, listener, false)
-        })
+        window.addEventListener('online', onlineListener, false)
+        window.addEventListener('offline', offlineListener, false)
 
         return () => {
           // Be sure to unsubscribe if a new handler is set
-          onlineEvents.forEach((event) => {
-            window.removeEventListener(event, listener)
-          })
+          window.removeEventListener('online', onlineListener)
+          window.removeEventListener('offline', offlineListener)
         }
       }
 
@@ -53,43 +49,22 @@ export class OnlineManager extends Subscribable {
   setEventListener(setup: SetupFn): void {
     this.#setup = setup
     this.#cleanup?.()
-    this.#cleanup = setup((online?: boolean) => {
-      if (typeof online === 'boolean') {
-        this.setOnline(online)
-      } else {
-        this.onOnline()
-      }
-    })
+    this.#cleanup = setup(this.setOnline.bind(this))
   }
 
-  setOnline(online?: boolean): void {
+  setOnline(online: boolean): void {
     const changed = this.#online !== online
 
     if (changed) {
       this.#online = online
-      this.onOnline()
+      this.listeners.forEach((listener) => {
+        listener(online)
+      })
     }
   }
 
-  onOnline(): void {
-    this.listeners.forEach((listener) => {
-      listener()
-    })
-  }
-
   isOnline(): boolean {
-    if (typeof this.#online === 'boolean') {
-      return this.#online
-    }
-
-    if (
-      typeof navigator === 'undefined' ||
-      typeof navigator.onLine === 'undefined'
-    ) {
-      return true
-    }
-
-    return navigator.onLine
+    return this.#online
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/query-core/src/tests/hydration.test.tsx b/packages/query-core/src/tests/hydration.test.tsx
index 92f8e43817..1974b4ae14 100644
--- a/packages/query-core/src/tests/hydration.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/query-core/src/tests/hydration.test.tsx
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { MutationCache } from '../mutationCache'
 import {
   createQueryClient,
   executeMutation,
-  mockNavigatorOnLine,
+  mockOnlineManagerIsOnline,
   sleep,
 } from './utils'
 
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ describe('dehydration and rehydration', () => {
   test('should be able to dehydrate mutations and continue on hydration', async () => {
     const consoleMock = vi.spyOn(console, 'error')
     consoleMock.mockImplementation(() => undefined)
-    const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+    const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
     const serverAddTodo = vi
       .fn()
diff --git a/packages/query-core/src/tests/onlineManager.test.tsx b/packages/query-core/src/tests/onlineManager.test.tsx
index 79971d3071..88d3c6b33a 100644
--- a/packages/query-core/src/tests/onlineManager.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/query-core/src/tests/onlineManager.test.tsx
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ describe('onlineManager', () => {
   test('setEventListener should use online boolean arg', async () => {
     let count = 0
 
-    const setup = (setOnline: (online?: boolean) => void) => {
+    const setup = (setOnline: (online: boolean) => void) => {
       setTimeout(() => {
         count++
         setOnline(false)
@@ -154,19 +154,15 @@ describe('onlineManager', () => {
 
     onlineManager.subscribe(listener)
 
-    onlineManager.setOnline(true)
-    onlineManager.setOnline(true)
-
-    expect(listener).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
-
     onlineManager.setOnline(false)
     onlineManager.setOnline(false)
 
-    expect(listener).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+    expect(listener).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, false)
 
-    onlineManager.setOnline(undefined)
-    onlineManager.setOnline(undefined)
+    onlineManager.setOnline(true)
+    onlineManager.setOnline(true)
 
-    expect(listener).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3)
+    expect(listener).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+    expect(listener).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(2, true)
   })
 })
diff --git a/packages/query-core/src/tests/queryClient.test.tsx b/packages/query-core/src/tests/queryClient.test.tsx
index 2821451ede..c1a41812f3 100644
--- a/packages/query-core/src/tests/queryClient.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/query-core/src/tests/queryClient.test.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
 import '@testing-library/jest-dom'
 
-import { vi } from 'vitest'
 import {
   MutationObserver,
   QueryObserver,
@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ import {
 import { noop } from '../utils'
 import {
   createQueryClient,
-  mockNavigatorOnLine,
+  mockOnlineManagerIsOnline,
   queryKey,
   sleep,
 } from './utils'
@@ -1074,7 +1073,7 @@ describe('queryClient', () => {
       const key1 = queryKey()
       const queryFn1 = vi.fn<unknown[], string>().mockReturnValue('data1')
       await queryClient.fetchQuery({ queryKey: key1, queryFn: queryFn1 })
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       await queryClient.refetchQueries({ queryKey: key1 })
 
@@ -1088,7 +1087,7 @@ describe('queryClient', () => {
       queryClient.setQueryDefaults(key1, { networkMode: 'always' })
       const queryFn1 = vi.fn<unknown[], string>().mockReturnValue('data1')
       await queryClient.fetchQuery({ queryKey: key1, queryFn: queryFn1 })
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       await queryClient.refetchQueries({ queryKey: key1 })
 
@@ -1394,7 +1393,7 @@ describe('queryClient', () => {
       queryCacheOnFocusSpy.mockRestore()
       queryCacheOnOnlineSpy.mockRestore()
       mutationCacheResumePausedMutationsSpy.mockRestore()
-      onlineManager.setOnline(undefined)
+      onlineManager.setOnline(true)
     })
 
     test('should resume paused mutations when coming online', async () => {
@@ -1424,7 +1423,7 @@ describe('queryClient', () => {
         expect(observer1.getCurrentResult().status).toBe('success')
       })
 
-      onlineManager.setOnline(undefined)
+      onlineManager.setOnline(true)
     })
 
     test('should resume paused mutations one after the other when invoked manually at the same time', async () => {
@@ -1459,7 +1458,7 @@ describe('queryClient', () => {
         expect(observer2.getCurrentResult().isPaused).toBeTruthy()
       })
 
-      onlineManager.setOnline(undefined)
+      onlineManager.setOnline(true)
       void queryClient.resumePausedMutations()
       await sleep(5)
       await queryClient.resumePausedMutations()
@@ -1491,6 +1490,7 @@ describe('queryClient', () => {
         'resumePausedMutations',
       )
 
+      onlineManager.setOnline(false)
       onlineManager.setOnline(true)
       expect(queryCacheOnOnlineSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
       expect(mutationCacheResumePausedMutationsSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
@@ -1503,7 +1503,7 @@ describe('queryClient', () => {
       queryCacheOnOnlineSpy.mockRestore()
       mutationCacheResumePausedMutationsSpy.mockRestore()
       focusManager.setFocused(undefined)
-      onlineManager.setOnline(undefined)
+      onlineManager.setOnline(true)
     })
 
     test('should not notify queryCache and mutationCache after multiple mounts/unmounts', async () => {
@@ -1538,7 +1538,7 @@ describe('queryClient', () => {
       queryCacheOnOnlineSpy.mockRestore()
       mutationCacheResumePausedMutationsSpy.mockRestore()
       focusManager.setFocused(undefined)
-      onlineManager.setOnline(undefined)
+      onlineManager.setOnline(true)
     })
   })
 
diff --git a/packages/query-core/src/tests/utils.ts b/packages/query-core/src/tests/utils.ts
index 230f3c7eb3..ad8e9d159f 100644
--- a/packages/query-core/src/tests/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/query-core/src/tests/utils.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { act } from '@testing-library/react'
 import { vi } from 'vitest'
-import { QueryClient } from '..'
+import { QueryClient, onlineManager } from '..'
 import * as utils from '../utils'
 import type { SpyInstance } from 'vitest'
 import type { MutationOptions, QueryClientConfig } from '..'
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ export function mockVisibilityState(
   return vi.spyOn(document, 'visibilityState', 'get').mockReturnValue(value)
 }
 
-export function mockNavigatorOnLine(value: boolean): SpyInstance<[], boolean> {
-  return vi.spyOn(navigator, 'onLine', 'get').mockReturnValue(value)
+export function mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(
+  value: boolean,
+): SpyInstance<[], boolean> {
+  return vi.spyOn(onlineManager, 'isOnline').mockReturnValue(value)
 }
 
 let queryKeyCount = 0
diff --git a/packages/query-devtools/src/Devtools.tsx b/packages/query-devtools/src/Devtools.tsx
index 6f27b3d69f..f27f3ddbdc 100644
--- a/packages/query-devtools/src/Devtools.tsx
+++ b/packages/query-devtools/src/Devtools.tsx
@@ -485,13 +485,11 @@ export const DevtoolsPanel: Component<DevtoolsPanelProps> = (props) => {
             <button
               onClick={() => {
                 if (offline()) {
-                  onlineManager().setOnline(undefined)
+                  onlineManager().setOnline(true)
                   setOffline(false)
-                  window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
                 } else {
                   onlineManager().setOnline(false)
                   setOffline(true)
-                  window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
                 }
               }}
               class={styles.actionsBtn}
diff --git a/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/useMutation.test.tsx b/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/useMutation.test.tsx
index f0cdab589e..3ebfa7f8eb 100644
--- a/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/useMutation.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/useMutation.test.tsx
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { vi } from 'vitest'
 import { MutationCache, QueryCache, useMutation } from '..'
 import {
   createQueryClient,
-  mockNavigatorOnLine,
+  mockOnlineManagerIsOnline,
   queryKey,
   renderWithClient,
   setActTimeout,
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ describe('useMutation', () => {
   })
 
   it('should not retry mutations while offline', async () => {
-    const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+    const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
     let count = 0
 
@@ -455,6 +455,8 @@ describe('useMutation', () => {
 
     const rendered = renderWithClient(queryClient, <Page />)
 
+    window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
+
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(
         rendered.getByText('error: null, status: idle, isPaused: false'),
@@ -471,7 +473,7 @@ describe('useMutation', () => {
 
     expect(count).toBe(0)
 
-    onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+    onlineMock.mockRestore()
     window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
 
     await sleep(100)
@@ -483,12 +485,10 @@ describe('useMutation', () => {
     })
 
     expect(count).toBe(2)
-
-    onlineMock.mockRestore()
   })
 
   it('should call onMutate even if paused', async () => {
-    const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+    const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
     const onMutate = vi.fn()
     let count = 0
 
@@ -517,6 +517,8 @@ describe('useMutation', () => {
 
     await rendered.findByText('data: null, status: idle, isPaused: false')
 
+    window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
+
     fireEvent.click(rendered.getByRole('button', { name: /mutate/i }))
 
     await rendered.findByText('data: null, status: pending, isPaused: true')
@@ -524,19 +526,17 @@ describe('useMutation', () => {
     expect(onMutate).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
     expect(onMutate).toHaveBeenCalledWith('todo')
 
-    onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+    onlineMock.mockRestore()
     window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
 
     await rendered.findByText('data: 1, status: success, isPaused: false')
 
     expect(onMutate).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
     expect(count).toBe(1)
-
-    onlineMock.mockRestore()
   })
 
   it('should optimistically go to paused state if offline', async () => {
-    const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+    const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
     let count = 0
     const states: Array<string> = []
 
@@ -566,6 +566,8 @@ describe('useMutation', () => {
 
     await rendered.findByText('data: null, status: idle, isPaused: false')
 
+    window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
+
     fireEvent.click(rendered.getByRole('button', { name: /mutate/i }))
 
     await rendered.findByText('data: null, status: pending, isPaused: true')
@@ -574,16 +576,14 @@ describe('useMutation', () => {
     expect(states[0]).toBe('idle, false')
     expect(states[1]).toBe('pending, true')
 
-    onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+    onlineMock.mockRestore()
     window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
 
     await rendered.findByText('data: 1, status: success, isPaused: false')
-
-    onlineMock.mockRestore()
   })
 
   it('should be able to retry a mutation when online', async () => {
-    const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+    const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
     let count = 0
     const states: UseMutationResult<any, any, any, any>[] = []
@@ -608,6 +608,7 @@ describe('useMutation', () => {
 
       React.useEffect(() => {
         setActTimeout(() => {
+          window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
           mutate('todo')
         }, 10)
       }, [mutate])
@@ -645,7 +646,7 @@ describe('useMutation', () => {
       failureReason: new Error('oops'),
     })
 
-    onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+    onlineMock.mockRestore()
     window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
 
     await sleep(50)
@@ -664,8 +665,6 @@ describe('useMutation', () => {
       failureReason: null,
       data: 'data',
     })
-
-    onlineMock.mockRestore()
   })
 
   it('should not change state if unmounted', async () => {
diff --git a/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/useQuery.test.tsx b/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/useQuery.test.tsx
index 628e849b37..7c55bce5fc 100644
--- a/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/useQuery.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/useQuery.test.tsx
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
   Blink,
   createQueryClient,
   expectType,
-  mockNavigatorOnLine,
+  mockOnlineManagerIsOnline,
   mockVisibilityState,
   queryKey,
   renderWithClient,
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import {
 import type {
   DefinedUseQueryResult,
   QueryFunction,
-  QueryFunctionContext,
   UseQueryOptions,
   UseQueryResult,
 } from '..'
@@ -2437,33 +2436,6 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
     rendered.getByText('status: pending')
   })
 
-  // See https://github.com/tannerlinsley/react-query/issues/147
-  it('should not pass stringified variables to query function', async () => {
-    const key = queryKey()
-    const variables = { number: 5, boolean: false, object: {}, array: [] }
-    type CustomQueryKey = [typeof key, typeof variables]
-    const states: UseQueryResult<CustomQueryKey>[] = []
-
-    const queryFn = async (ctx: QueryFunctionContext<CustomQueryKey>) => {
-      await sleep(10)
-      return ctx.queryKey
-    }
-
-    function Page() {
-      const state = useQuery({ queryKey: [key, variables], queryFn })
-      states.push(state)
-      return <div>{state.status}</div>
-    }
-
-    const rendered = renderWithClient(queryClient, <Page />)
-
-    await waitFor(() => {
-      rendered.getByText('success')
-    })
-
-    expect(states[1]?.data).toEqual([key, variables])
-  })
-
   it('should not refetch query on focus when `enabled` is set to `false`', async () => {
     const key = queryKey()
     const queryFn = vi.fn<unknown[], string>().mockReturnValue('data')
@@ -5081,7 +5053,7 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
 
   describe('networkMode online', () => {
     it('online queries should not start fetching if you are offline', async () => {
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       const key = queryKey()
       const states: Array<any> = []
@@ -5110,10 +5082,11 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
       }
 
       const rendered = renderWithClient(queryClient, <Page />)
+      window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
 
       await waitFor(() => rendered.getByText('status: pending, isPaused: true'))
 
-      onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+      onlineMock.mockRestore()
       window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
 
       await waitFor(() =>
@@ -5124,8 +5097,6 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
       })
 
       expect(states).toEqual(['paused', 'fetching', 'idle'])
-
-      onlineMock.mockRestore()
     })
 
     it('online queries should not refetch if you are offline', async () => {
@@ -5163,7 +5134,9 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
 
       await waitFor(() => rendered.getByText('data: data1'))
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
+      window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
+
       fireEvent.click(rendered.getByRole('button', { name: /invalidate/i }))
 
       await waitFor(() =>
@@ -5173,7 +5146,7 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
       )
       await waitFor(() => rendered.getByText('failureReason: null'))
 
-      onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+      onlineMock.mockRestore()
       window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
 
       await waitFor(() =>
@@ -5192,8 +5165,6 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
       await waitFor(() => {
         expect(rendered.getByText('data: data2')).toBeInTheDocument()
       })
-
-      onlineMock.mockRestore()
     })
 
     it('online queries should not refetch if you are offline and refocus', async () => {
@@ -5229,7 +5200,7 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
 
       await waitFor(() => rendered.getByText('data: data1'))
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
       fireEvent.click(rendered.getByRole('button', { name: /invalidate/i }))
 
       await waitFor(() =>
@@ -5275,7 +5246,7 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
         )
       }
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       const rendered = renderWithClient(queryClient, <Page />)
 
@@ -5326,7 +5297,7 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
         )
       }
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       const rendered = renderWithClient(queryClient, <Page />)
 
@@ -5380,9 +5351,10 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
         )
       }
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       const rendered = renderWithClient(queryClient, <Page />)
+      window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
 
       await waitFor(() =>
         rendered.getByText('status: success, fetchStatus: paused'),
@@ -5405,7 +5377,7 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
         window.dispatchEvent(new Event('visibilitychange'))
       })
 
-      onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+      onlineMock.mockRestore()
       act(() => {
         window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
       })
@@ -5418,7 +5390,6 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
       })
 
       expect(count).toBe(1)
-      onlineMock.mockRestore()
     })
 
     it('online queries should pause retries if you are offline', async () => {
@@ -5457,7 +5428,7 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
       )
       await waitFor(() => rendered.getByText('failureReason: failed1'))
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
       window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
 
       await sleep(20)
@@ -5519,17 +5490,19 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
         )
       }
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       const rendered = renderWithClient(queryClient, <Page />)
 
+      window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
+
       await waitFor(() =>
         rendered.getByText('status: pending, fetchStatus: paused'),
       )
 
       fireEvent.click(rendered.getByRole('button', { name: /hide/i }))
 
-      onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+      onlineMock.mockRestore()
       window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
 
       await waitFor(() => {
@@ -5542,8 +5515,6 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
       // give it a bit more time to make sure queryFn is not called again
       await sleep(15)
       expect(count).toBe(1)
-
-      onlineMock.mockRestore()
     })
 
     it('online queries should not fetch if paused and we go online when cancelled and no refetchOnReconnect', async () => {
@@ -5576,7 +5547,7 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
         )
       }
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       const rendered = renderWithClient(queryClient, <Page />)
 
@@ -5652,7 +5623,7 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
         rendered.getByText('status: success, fetchStatus: idle'),
       )
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       fireEvent.click(rendered.getByRole('button', { name: /invalidate/i }))
 
@@ -5682,7 +5653,7 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
 
   describe('networkMode always', () => {
     it('always queries should start fetching even if you are offline', async () => {
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       const key = queryKey()
       let count = 0
@@ -5722,7 +5693,7 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
     })
 
     it('always queries should not pause retries', async () => {
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       const key = queryKey()
       let count = 0
@@ -5768,7 +5739,7 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
 
   describe('networkMode offlineFirst', () => {
     it('offlineFirst queries should start fetching if you are offline, but pause retries', async () => {
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       const key = queryKey()
       let count = 0
@@ -5799,6 +5770,8 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
 
       const rendered = renderWithClient(queryClient, <Page />)
 
+      window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
+
       await waitFor(() =>
         rendered.getByText(
           'status: pending, fetchStatus: paused, failureCount: 1',
@@ -5808,7 +5781,7 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
 
       expect(count).toBe(1)
 
-      onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+      onlineMock.mockRestore()
       window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
 
       await waitFor(() =>
@@ -5817,8 +5790,6 @@ describe('useQuery', () => {
       await waitFor(() => rendered.getByText('failureReason: failed3'))
 
       expect(count).toBe(3)
-
-      onlineMock.mockRestore()
     })
   })
 
diff --git a/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/utils.tsx b/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/utils.tsx
index 02d0569502..9691ff8a6a 100644
--- a/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/utils.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/utils.tsx
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import * as React from 'react'
 import { act, render } from '@testing-library/react'
+
 import * as utils from '@tanstack/query-core'
 import { vi } from 'vitest'
-import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from '..'
+import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider, onlineManager } from '..'
 import type { QueryClientConfig } from '..'
 import type { SpyInstance } from 'vitest'
 
@@ -52,8 +53,10 @@ export function mockVisibilityState(
   return vi.spyOn(document, 'visibilityState', 'get').mockReturnValue(value)
 }
 
-export function mockNavigatorOnLine(value: boolean): SpyInstance<[], boolean> {
-  return vi.spyOn(navigator, 'onLine', 'get').mockReturnValue(value)
+export function mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(
+  value: boolean,
+): SpyInstance<[], boolean> {
+  return vi.spyOn(onlineManager, 'isOnline').mockReturnValue(value)
 }
 
 let queryKeyCount = 0
diff --git a/packages/solid-query/src/__tests__/createMutation.test.tsx b/packages/solid-query/src/__tests__/createMutation.test.tsx
index 1cc0b2f720..482b4794f4 100644
--- a/packages/solid-query/src/__tests__/createMutation.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/solid-query/src/__tests__/createMutation.test.tsx
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import {
 } from '..'
 import {
   createQueryClient,
-  mockNavigatorOnLine,
+  mockOnlineManagerIsOnline,
   queryKey,
   setActTimeout,
   sleep,
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ describe('createMutation', () => {
   })
 
   it('should not retry mutations while offline', async () => {
-    const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+    const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
     let count = 0
 
@@ -535,6 +535,8 @@ describe('createMutation', () => {
       ).toBeInTheDocument()
     })
 
+    window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
+
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /mutate/i }))
 
     await waitFor(() => {
@@ -545,7 +547,7 @@ describe('createMutation', () => {
 
     expect(count).toBe(0)
 
-    onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+    onlineMock.mockRestore()
     window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
 
     await sleep(100)
@@ -557,12 +559,10 @@ describe('createMutation', () => {
     })
 
     expect(count).toBe(2)
-
-    onlineMock.mockRestore()
   })
 
   it('should call onMutate even if paused', async () => {
-    const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+    const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
     const onMutate = vi.fn()
     let count = 0
 
@@ -595,6 +595,8 @@ describe('createMutation', () => {
 
     await screen.findByText('data: null, status: idle, isPaused: false')
 
+    window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
+
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /mutate/i }))
 
     await screen.findByText('data: null, status: pending, isPaused: true')
@@ -602,19 +604,17 @@ describe('createMutation', () => {
     expect(onMutate).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
     expect(onMutate).toHaveBeenCalledWith('todo')
 
-    onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+    onlineMock.mockRestore()
     window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
 
     await screen.findByText('data: 1, status: success, isPaused: false')
 
     expect(onMutate).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
     expect(count).toBe(1)
-
-    onlineMock.mockRestore()
   })
 
   it('should optimistically go to paused state if offline', async () => {
-    const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+    const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
     let count = 0
     const states: Array<string> = []
 
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ describe('createMutation', () => {
   })
 
   it('should be able to retry a mutation when online', async () => {
-    const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+    const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
     let count = 0
     const states: CreateMutationResult<any, any, any, any>[] = []
@@ -693,6 +693,7 @@ describe('createMutation', () => {
       createEffect(() => {
         const { mutate } = mutation
         setActTimeout(() => {
+          window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
           mutate('todo')
         }, 10)
       })
@@ -734,7 +735,7 @@ describe('createMutation', () => {
       failureReason: new Error('oops'),
     })
 
-    onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+    onlineMock.mockRestore()
     window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
 
     await sleep(50)
@@ -753,8 +754,6 @@ describe('createMutation', () => {
       failureReason: null,
       data: 'data',
     })
-
-    onlineMock.mockRestore()
   })
 
   it('should not change state if unmounted', async () => {
diff --git a/packages/solid-query/src/__tests__/createQuery.test.tsx b/packages/solid-query/src/__tests__/createQuery.test.tsx
index 48225f89e0..c56e106118 100644
--- a/packages/solid-query/src/__tests__/createQuery.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/solid-query/src/__tests__/createQuery.test.tsx
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import {
   Blink,
   createQueryClient,
   expectType,
-  mockNavigatorOnLine,
+  mockOnlineManagerIsOnline,
   mockVisibilityState,
   queryKey,
   setActTimeout,
@@ -2129,39 +2129,6 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
     screen.getByText('status: pending')
   })
 
-  // See https://github.com/tannerlinsley/react-query/issues/147
-  it('should not pass stringified variables to query function', async () => {
-    const key = queryKey()
-    const variables = { number: 5, boolean: false, object: {}, array: [] }
-    type CustomQueryKey = readonly [typeof key, typeof variables]
-    const states: CreateQueryResult<CustomQueryKey, unknown>[] = []
-
-    function Page() {
-      const state = createQuery(() => ({
-        queryKey: [key, variables] as const,
-        queryFn: async (ctx) => {
-          await sleep(10)
-          return ctx.queryKey
-        },
-      }))
-
-      createRenderEffect(() => {
-        states.push({ ...state })
-      })
-      return null
-    }
-
-    render(() => (
-      <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
-        <Page />
-      </QueryClientProvider>
-    ))
-
-    await sleep(20)
-
-    expect(states[1]?.data).toEqual([key, variables])
-  })
-
   it('should not refetch query on focus when `enabled` is set to `false`', async () => {
     const key = queryKey()
     const queryFn = vi.fn<unknown[], string>().mockReturnValue('data')
@@ -4999,7 +4966,7 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
 
   describe('networkMode online', () => {
     it('online queries should not start fetching if you are offline', async () => {
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       const key = queryKey()
       const states: Array<any> = []
@@ -5033,9 +5000,11 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
         </QueryClientProvider>
       ))
 
+      window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
+
       await waitFor(() => screen.getByText('status: pending, isPaused: true'))
 
-      onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+      onlineMock.mockRestore()
       window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
 
       await waitFor(() => screen.getByText('status: success, isPaused: false'))
@@ -5044,8 +5013,6 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
       })
 
       expect(states).toEqual(['paused', 'fetching', 'idle'])
-
-      onlineMock.mockRestore()
     })
 
     it('online queries should not refetch if you are offline', async () => {
@@ -5087,7 +5054,8 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
 
       await waitFor(() => screen.getByText('data: data1'))
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
+      window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /invalidate/i }))
 
       await waitFor(() =>
@@ -5097,7 +5065,7 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
       )
       await waitFor(() => screen.getByText('failureReason: null'))
 
-      onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+      onlineMock.mockRestore()
       window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
 
       await waitFor(() =>
@@ -5114,8 +5082,6 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
       await waitFor(() => {
         expect(screen.getByText('data: data2')).toBeInTheDocument()
       })
-
-      onlineMock.mockRestore()
     })
 
     it('online queries should not refetch if you are offline and refocus', async () => {
@@ -5155,7 +5121,7 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
 
       await waitFor(() => screen.getByText('data: data1'))
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /invalidate/i }))
 
       await waitFor(() =>
@@ -5201,7 +5167,7 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
         )
       }
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       render(() => (
         <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
@@ -5256,7 +5222,7 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
         )
       }
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       render(() => (
         <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
@@ -5314,7 +5280,7 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
         )
       }
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       render(() => (
         <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
@@ -5322,6 +5288,8 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
         </QueryClientProvider>
       ))
 
+      window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
+
       await waitFor(() =>
         screen.getByText('status: success, fetchStatus: paused'),
       )
@@ -5341,7 +5309,7 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
       // triggers a second pause
       window.dispatchEvent(new Event('visibilitychange'))
 
-      onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+      onlineMock.mockRestore()
       window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
 
       await waitFor(() =>
@@ -5352,7 +5320,6 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
       })
 
       expect(count).toBe(1)
-      onlineMock.mockRestore()
     })
 
     it('online queries should pause retries if you are offline', async () => {
@@ -5395,7 +5362,8 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
       )
       await waitFor(() => screen.getByText('failureReason: failed1'))
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       await sleep(20)
 
@@ -5408,7 +5376,7 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
 
       expect(count).toBe(1)
 
-      onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+      onlineMock.mockRestore()
       window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
 
       await waitFor(() =>
@@ -5417,8 +5385,6 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
       await waitFor(() => screen.getByText('failureReason: failed3'))
 
       expect(count).toBe(3)
-
-      onlineMock.mockRestore()
     })
 
     it('online queries should fetch if paused and we go online even if already unmounted (because not cancelled)', async () => {
@@ -5456,7 +5422,7 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
         )
       }
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       render(() => (
         <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
@@ -5464,13 +5430,15 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
         </QueryClientProvider>
       ))
 
+      window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
+
       await waitFor(() =>
         screen.getByText('status: pending, fetchStatus: paused'),
       )
 
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /hide/i }))
 
-      onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+      onlineMock.mockRestore()
       window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
 
       await sleep(15)
@@ -5481,8 +5449,6 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
       })
 
       expect(count).toBe(1)
-
-      onlineMock.mockRestore()
     })
 
     it('online queries should not fetch if paused and we go online when cancelled and no refetchOnReconnect', async () => {
@@ -5515,7 +5481,7 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
         )
       }
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       render(() => (
         <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
@@ -5599,7 +5565,7 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
         screen.getByText('status: success, fetchStatus: idle'),
       )
 
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /invalidate/i }))
 
@@ -5629,7 +5595,7 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
 
   describe('networkMode always', () => {
     it('always queries should start fetching even if you are offline', async () => {
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       const key = queryKey()
       let count = 0
@@ -5671,7 +5637,7 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
     })
 
     it('always queries should not pause retries', async () => {
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       const key = queryKey()
       let count = 0
@@ -5721,7 +5687,7 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
 
   describe('networkMode offlineFirst', () => {
     it('offlineFirst queries should start fetching if you are offline, but pause retries', async () => {
-      const onlineMock = mockNavigatorOnLine(false)
+      const onlineMock = mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(false)
 
       const key = queryKey()
       let count = 0
@@ -5756,6 +5722,8 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
         </QueryClientProvider>
       ))
 
+      window.dispatchEvent(new Event('offline'))
+
       await waitFor(() =>
         screen.getByText(
           'status: pending, fetchStatus: paused, failureCount: 1',
@@ -5765,7 +5733,7 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
 
       expect(count).toBe(1)
 
-      onlineMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+      onlineMock.mockRestore()
       window.dispatchEvent(new Event('online'))
 
       await waitFor(() =>
@@ -5774,8 +5742,6 @@ describe('createQuery', () => {
       await waitFor(() => screen.getByText('failureReason: failed3'))
 
       expect(count).toBe(3)
-
-      onlineMock.mockRestore()
     })
   })
 
diff --git a/packages/solid-query/src/__tests__/utils.tsx b/packages/solid-query/src/__tests__/utils.tsx
index f9f99d05ba..d8dc5303e3 100644
--- a/packages/solid-query/src/__tests__/utils.tsx
+++ b/packages/solid-query/src/__tests__/utils.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Show, createEffect, createSignal, onCleanup } from 'solid-js'
 import { vi } from 'vitest'
+import { onlineManager } from '@tanstack/query-core'
 import { QueryClient } from '../QueryClient'
 import type { QueryClientConfig } from '@tanstack/query-core'
 import type { ParentProps } from 'solid-js'
@@ -41,8 +42,10 @@ export function mockVisibilityState(
   return vi.spyOn(document, 'visibilityState', 'get').mockReturnValue(value)
 }
 
-export function mockNavigatorOnLine(value: boolean): SpyInstance<[], boolean> {
-  return vi.spyOn(navigator, 'onLine', 'get').mockReturnValue(value)
+export function mockOnlineManagerIsOnline(
+  value: boolean,
+): SpyInstance<[], boolean> {
+  return vi.spyOn(onlineManager, 'isOnline').mockReturnValue(value)
 }
 
 export function sleep(timeout: number): Promise<void> {
diff --git a/packages/svelte-query/src/__tests__/utils.ts b/packages/svelte-query/src/__tests__/utils.ts
index ab1bf3cdb7..42ef674e09 100644
--- a/packages/svelte-query/src/__tests__/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/svelte-query/src/__tests__/utils.ts
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
-import { vi } from 'vitest'
 import { act } from '@testing-library/svelte'
-import { QueryClient } from '../index'
-import type { QueryClientConfig } from '../index'
-import type { SpyInstance } from 'vitest'
+import { QueryClient, type QueryClientConfig } from '../index'
 
 export function createQueryClient(config?: QueryClientConfig): QueryClient {
   return new QueryClient(config)
 }
 
-export function mockVisibilityState(
-  value: DocumentVisibilityState,
-): SpyInstance<[], DocumentVisibilityState> {
-  return vi.spyOn(document, 'visibilityState', 'get').mockReturnValue(value)
-}
-
-export function mockNavigatorOnLine(value: boolean): SpyInstance<[], boolean> {
-  return vi.spyOn(navigator, 'onLine', 'get').mockReturnValue(value)
-}
-
 let queryKeyCount = 0
 export function queryKey(): Array<string> {
   queryKeyCount++
@@ -30,11 +17,6 @@ export function sleep(timeout: number): Promise<void> {
   })
 }
 
-export async function simplefetcher() {
-  await sleep(10)
-  return 'test'
-}
-
 export function setActTimeout(fn: () => void, ms?: number) {
   return setTimeout(() => {
     act(() => {