diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 93522b41164..470aefe5228 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 * [FEATURE] Ruler: Add `external_labels` option to tag all alerts with a given set of labels.
 * [CHANGE] Fix incorrectly named `cortex_cache_fetched_keys` and `cortex_cache_hits` metrics. Renamed to `cortex_cache_fetched_keys_total` and `cortex_cache_hits_total` respectively. #4686
+* [CHANGE] Enable Thanos series limiter in store-gateway. #4702
 
 ## 1.12.0 in progress
 
diff --git a/pkg/storegateway/bucket_stores.go b/pkg/storegateway/bucket_stores.go
index 804e8b0b181..c6233aa4b6f 100644
--- a/pkg/storegateway/bucket_stores.go
+++ b/pkg/storegateway/bucket_stores.go
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ func (u *BucketStores) getOrCreateStore(userID string) (*store.BucketStore, erro
 		fetcher,
 		u.syncDirForUser(userID),
 		newChunksLimiterFactory(u.limits, userID),
-		store.NewSeriesLimiterFactory(0), // No series limiter.
+		newSeriesLimiterFactory(u.limits, userID),
 		u.partitioner,
 		u.cfg.BucketStore.BlockSyncConcurrency,
 		false, // No need to enable backward compatibility with Thanos pre 0.8.0 queriers
@@ -605,11 +605,11 @@ func (s spanSeriesServer) Context() context.Context {
 	return s.ctx
 }
 
-type chunkLimiter struct {
+type limiter struct {
 	limiter *store.Limiter
 }
 
-func (c *chunkLimiter) Reserve(num uint64) error {
+func (c *limiter) Reserve(num uint64) error {
 	err := c.limiter.Reserve(num)
 	if err != nil {
 		return httpgrpc.Errorf(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, err.Error())
@@ -622,8 +622,18 @@ func newChunksLimiterFactory(limits *validation.Overrides, userID string) store.
 	return func(failedCounter prometheus.Counter) store.ChunksLimiter {
 		// Since limit overrides could be live reloaded, we have to get the current user's limit
 		// each time a new limiter is instantiated.
-		return &chunkLimiter{
+		return &limiter{
 			limiter: store.NewLimiter(uint64(limits.MaxChunksPerQueryFromStore(userID)), failedCounter),
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func newSeriesLimiterFactory(limits *validation.Overrides, userID string) store.SeriesLimiterFactory {
+	return func(failedCounter prometheus.Counter) store.SeriesLimiter {
+		// Since limit overrides could be live reloaded, we have to get the current user's limit
+		// each time a new limiter is instantiated.
+		return &limiter{
+			limiter: store.NewLimiter(uint64(limits.MaxFetchedSeriesPerQuery(userID)), failedCounter),
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/storegateway/gateway_test.go b/pkg/storegateway/gateway_test.go
index a43b64a10fb..acb08d698f6 100644
--- a/pkg/storegateway/gateway_test.go
+++ b/pkg/storegateway/gateway_test.go
@@ -973,6 +973,95 @@ func TestStoreGateway_SeriesQueryingShouldEnforceMaxChunksPerQueryLimit(t *testi
 	}
 }
 
+func TestStoreGateway_SeriesQueryingShouldEnforceMaxSeriesPerQueryLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	const seriesQueried = 10
+
+	tests := map[string]struct {
+		limit       int
+		expectedErr error
+	}{
+		"no limit enforced if zero": {
+			limit:       0,
+			expectedErr: nil,
+		},
+		"should return NO error if the actual number of queried series is <= limit": {
+			limit:       seriesQueried,
+			expectedErr: nil,
+		},
+		"should return error if the actual number of queried series is > limit": {
+			limit:       seriesQueried - 1,
+			expectedErr: status.Error(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, fmt.Sprintf("exceeded series limit: rpc error: code = Code(422) desc = limit %d violated (got %d)", seriesQueried-1, seriesQueried)),
+		},
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	logger := log.NewNopLogger()
+	userID := "user-1"
+
+	storageDir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(storageDir) //nolint:errcheck
+
+	// Generate 1 TSDB block with chunksQueried series. Since each mocked series contains only 1 sample,
+	// it will also only have 1 chunk.
+	now := time.Now()
+	minT := now.Add(-1*time.Hour).Unix() * 1000
+	maxT := now.Unix() * 1000
+	mockTSDB(t, path.Join(storageDir, userID), seriesQueried, 0, minT, maxT)
+
+	bucketClient, err := filesystem.NewBucketClient(filesystem.Config{Directory: storageDir})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Prepare the request to query back all series (1 chunk per series in this test).
+	req := &storepb.SeriesRequest{
+		MinTime: minT,
+		MaxTime: maxT,
+		Matchers: []storepb.LabelMatcher{
+			{Type: storepb.LabelMatcher_RE, Name: "__name__", Value: ".*"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for testName, testData := range tests {
+		t.Run(testName, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Customise the limits.
+			limits := defaultLimitsConfig()
+			limits.MaxFetchedSeriesPerQuery = testData.limit
+			overrides, err := validation.NewOverrides(limits, nil)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Create a store-gateway used to query back the series from the blocks.
+			gatewayCfg := mockGatewayConfig()
+			gatewayCfg.ShardingEnabled = false
+			storageCfg := mockStorageConfig(t)
+
+			g, err := newStoreGateway(gatewayCfg, storageCfg, bucketClient, nil, overrides, mockLoggingLevel(), logger, nil)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, services.StartAndAwaitRunning(ctx, g))
+			defer services.StopAndAwaitTerminated(ctx, g) //nolint:errcheck
+
+			// Query back all the series (1 chunk per series in this test).
+			srv := newBucketStoreSeriesServer(setUserIDToGRPCContext(ctx, userID))
+			err = g.Series(req, srv)
+
+			if testData.expectedErr != nil {
+				fmt.Println("Error: ", err.Error())
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				assert.IsType(t, testData.expectedErr, err)
+				s1, ok := status.FromError(errors.Cause(err))
+				assert.True(t, ok)
+				s2, ok := status.FromError(errors.Cause(testData.expectedErr))
+				assert.True(t, ok)
+				assert.True(t, strings.Contains(s1.Message(), s2.Message()))
+				assert.Equal(t, s1.Code(), s2.Code())
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				assert.Empty(t, srv.Warnings)
+				assert.Len(t, srv.SeriesSet, seriesQueried)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func mockGatewayConfig() Config {
 	cfg := Config{}
 	flagext.DefaultValues(&cfg)