diff --git a/cs3client/app.py b/cs3client/app.py
index ea29c07..03b5cff 100644
--- a/cs3client/app.py
+++ b/cs3client/app.py
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 """
 
 import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
 import cs3.app.registry.v1beta1.registry_api_pb2 as cs3arreg
 import cs3.app.registry.v1beta1.resources_pb2 as cs3arres
 import cs3.gateway.v1beta1.gateway_api_pb2 as cs3gw
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ def __init__(
         self._config: Config = config
 
     def open_in_app(
-            self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource, view_mode: str = None, app: str = None
+            self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource, view_mode: Optional[str] = None, app: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> cs3apr.OpenInAppURL:
         """
         Open a file in an app, given the resource, view mode (VIEW_MODE_VIEW_ONLY, VIEW_MODE_READ_ONLY,
diff --git a/cs3client/auth.py b/cs3client/auth.py
index a594094..7ac13c6 100644
--- a/cs3client/auth.py
+++ b/cs3client/auth.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 from cs3.rpc.v1beta1.code_pb2 import CODE_OK
 
 from .cs3client import CS3Client
-from .exceptions.exceptions import AuthenticationException, SecretNotSetException
+from .exceptions import AuthenticationException, SecretNotSetException
 from .config import Config
 
 
diff --git a/cs3client/checkpoint.py b/cs3client/checkpoint.py
index dfedb00..b8c25d6 100644
--- a/cs3client/checkpoint.py
+++ b/cs3client/checkpoint.py
@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@
 Last updated: 30/08/2024
 """
 
-from typing import Generator
+from typing import Generator, Optional
 import logging
+
 import cs3.storage.provider.v1beta1.resources_pb2 as cs3spr
 import cs3.storage.provider.v1beta1.provider_api_pb2 as cs3spp
 from cs3.gateway.v1beta1.gateway_api_pb2_grpc import GatewayAPIStub
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ def list_file_versions(
         return res.versions
 
     def restore_file_version(
-            self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource, version_key: str, lock_id: str = None
+            self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource, version_key: str, lock_id: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> None:
         """
         Restore a file to a previous version.
diff --git a/cs3client/exceptions/__init__.py b/cs3client/exceptions/__init__.py
index e69de29..8d38fcd 100644
--- a/cs3client/exceptions/__init__.py
+++ b/cs3client/exceptions/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+"""
+exceptions
+
+Custom exception classes for the CS3 client.
+Where applicable, the default values correspond to the Linux standard error strings.
+
+Authors: Rasmus Welander, Diogo Castro, Giuseppe Lo Presti.
+Emails: rasmus.oscar.welander@cern.ch, diogo.castro@cern.ch, giuseppe.lopresti@cern.ch
+Last updated: 01/08/2024
+"""
+
+
+class AuthenticationException(Exception):
+    """
+    Standard error thrown when attempting an operation without the required access rights
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = "Operation not permitted"):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class PermissionDeniedException(IOError):
+    """
+    Standard permission denied message
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = "Permission denied"):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class NotFoundException(IOError):
+    """
+    Standard file missing message
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = "No such file or directory"):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class SecretNotSetException(Exception):
+    """
+    Standard file missing message
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = "Secret was not set, unable to authenticate"):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class FileLockedException(IOError):
+    """
+    Standard error thrown when attempting to overwrite a file/xattr with a mistmatched lock,
+    or when a lock operation cannot be performed because of failed preconditions
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = "Lock mismatch"):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class AlreadyExistsException(IOError):
+    """
+    Standard error thrown when attempting to create a resource that already exists
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = "File exists"):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class UnimplementedException(Exception):
+    """
+    Standard error thrown when attempting to use a feature that is not implemented
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = "Not implemented"):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class UnknownException(Exception):
+    """
+    Standard exception to be thrown when we get an error that is unknown, e.g. not defined in the cs3api
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = ""):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
diff --git a/cs3client/exceptions/exceptions.py b/cs3client/exceptions/exceptions.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 579cf27..0000000
--- a/cs3client/exceptions/exceptions.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-"""
-exceptions.py
-
-Custom exception classes for the CS3 client.
-
-Authors: Rasmus Welander, Diogo Castro, Giuseppe Lo Presti.
-Emails: rasmus.oscar.welander@cern.ch, diogo.castro@cern.ch, giuseppe.lopresti@cern.ch
-Last updated: 01/08/2024
-"""
-
-
-class AuthenticationException(Exception):
-    """
-    Standard error thrown when attempting an operation without the required access rights
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, message: str = ""):
-        super().__init__(message)
-
-
-class NotFoundException(IOError):
-    """
-    Standard file missing message
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, message: str = ""):
-        super().__init__(message)
-
-
-class SecretNotSetException(Exception):
-    """
-    Standard file missing message
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, message: str = ""):
-        super().__init__(message)
-
-
-class FileLockedException(IOError):
-    """
-    Standard error thrown when attempting to overwrite a file/xattr with a mistmatched lock,
-    or when a lock operation cannot be performed because of failed preconditions
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, message: str = ""):
-        super().__init__(message)
-
-
-class UnknownException(Exception):
-    """
-    Standard exception to be thrown when we get an error that is unknown, e.g. not defined in the cs3api
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, message: str = ""):
-        super().__init__(message)
-
-
-class AlreadyExistsException(IOError):
-    """
-    Standard error thrown when attempting to create a resource that already exists
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, message: str = ""):
-        super().__init__(message)
-
-
-class UnimplementedException(Exception):
-    """
-    Standard error thrown when attempting to use a feature that is not implemented
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, message: str = ""):
-        super().__init__(message)
diff --git a/cs3client/file.py b/cs3client/file.py
index d292726..092f260 100644
--- a/cs3client/file.py
+++ b/cs3client/file.py
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@
 import logging
 import http
 import requests
-from typing import Union
-from typing import Generator
+from typing import Union, Optional, Generator
 import cs3.storage.provider.v1beta1.resources_pb2 as cs3spr
 import cs3.storage.provider.v1beta1.provider_api_pb2 as cs3sp
 from cs3.gateway.v1beta1.gateway_api_pb2_grpc import GatewayAPIStub
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@
 
 
 from .config import Config
-from .exceptions.exceptions import AuthenticationException, FileLockedException
+from .exceptions import AuthenticationException, FileLockedException
 from .cs3resource import Resource
 from .statuscodehandler import StatusCodeHandler
 
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ def stat(self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource) -> cs3spr.ResourceInfo:
         )
         return res.info
 
-    def set_xattr(self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource, key: str, value: str, lock_id: str = None) -> None:
+    def set_xattr(self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource, key: str, value: str, lock_id: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """
         Set the extended attribute <key> to <value> for a resource.
 
@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ def set_xattr(self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource, key: str, value: str,
         self._status_code_handler.handle_errors(res.status, "set extended attribute", resource.get_file_ref_str())
         self._log.debug(f'msg="Invoked setxattr" trace="{res.status.trace}"')
 
-    def remove_xattr(self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource, key: str, lock_id: str = None) -> None:
+    def remove_xattr(self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource, key: str, lock_id: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """
         Remove the extended attribute <key>.
 
@@ -113,7 +112,7 @@ def remove_xattr(self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource, key: str, lock_id:
         self._log.debug(f'msg="Invoked UnsetArbitraryMetaData" trace="{res.status.trace}"')
 
     def rename_file(
-            self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource, newresource: Resource, lock_id: str = None
+            self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource, newresource: Resource, lock_id: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> None:
         """
         Rename/move resource to new resource.
@@ -133,7 +132,7 @@ def rename_file(
         self._status_code_handler.handle_errors(res.status, "rename file", resource.get_file_ref_str())
         self._log.debug(f'msg="Invoked Move" trace="{res.status.trace}"')
 
-    def remove_file(self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource, lock_id: str = None) -> None:
+    def remove_file(self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource, lock_id: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """
         Remove a resource.
 
@@ -171,7 +170,8 @@ def touch_file(self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource) -> None:
 
     def write_file(
             self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource, content: Union[str, bytes], size: int,
-            lock_md: tuple = ('', ''), disable_versioning: bool = False
+            app_name: Optional[str] = None, lock_id: Optional[str] = None,
+            disable_versioning: Optional[bool] = False
     ) -> None:
         """
         Write a file using the given userid as access token. The entire content is written
@@ -183,15 +183,15 @@ def write_file(
         :param resource: Resource to write content to
         :param content: content to write
         :param size: size of content (optional)
-        :param lock_md: tuple (<app_name>, <lock_id>)
-        :param disable_versioning: bool to disable versioning on EOS
+        :param app_name: application name (optional)
+        :param lock_id: lock id (optional)
+        :param disable_versioning: bool to disable versioning on EOS (optional)
         :return: None (Success)
         :raises: FileLockedException (File is locked),
         :raises: AuthenticationException (Authentication failed)
         :raises: UnknownException (Unknown error)
 
         """
-        app_name, lock_id = lock_md
         tstart = time.time()
         # prepare endpoint
         if size == -1:
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ def write_file(
                     "X-Reva-Transfer": protocol.token,
                     **dict([auth_token]),
                     "X-Lock-Id": lock_id,
-                    "X-Lock_Holder": app_name,
+                    "X-Lock-Holder": app_name,
                 }
             if disable_versioning:
                 headers.update({"X-Disable-Versioning": "true"})
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ def write_file(
             f'elapsedTimems="{(tend - tstart) * 1000:.1f}"'
         )
 
-    def read_file(self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource, lock_id: str = None) -> Generator[bytes, None, None]:
+    def read_file(self, auth_token: tuple, resource: Resource, lock_id: Optional[str] = None) -> Generator[bytes, None, None]:
         """
         Read a file. Note that the function is a generator, managed by the app server.
 
diff --git a/cs3client/share.py b/cs3client/share.py
index da401a3..0e180ad 100644
--- a/cs3client/share.py
+++ b/cs3client/share.py
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 """
 
 import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
 import cs3.sharing.collaboration.v1beta1.collaboration_api_pb2 as cs3scapi
 from cs3.gateway.v1beta1.gateway_api_pb2_grpc import GatewayAPIStub
 import cs3.sharing.collaboration.v1beta1.resources_pb2 as cs3scr
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ def create_share(
         return res.share
 
     def list_existing_shares(
-        self, auth_token: tuple, filter_list: list[cs3scr.Filter] = None, page_size: int = 0, page_token: str = None
+        self, auth_token: tuple, filter_list: list[cs3scr.Filter] = None, page_size: int = 0, page_token: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> list[cs3scr.Share]:
         """
         List shares based on a filter.
@@ -109,7 +111,7 @@ def list_existing_shares(
         )
         return (res.share_infos, res.next_page_token)
 
-    def get_share(self, auth_token: tuple, opaque_id: str = None, share_key: cs3scr.ShareKey = None) -> cs3scr.Share:
+    def get_share(self, auth_token: tuple, opaque_id: Optional[str] = None, share_key: Optional[cs3scr.ShareKey] = None) -> cs3scr.Share:
         """
         Get a share by its opaque id or share key (combination of resource_id, grantee and owner),
         one of them is required.
@@ -141,7 +143,7 @@ def get_share(self, auth_token: tuple, opaque_id: str = None, share_key: cs3scr.
         )
         return res.share
 
-    def remove_share(self, auth_token: tuple, opaque_id: str = None, share_key: cs3scr.ShareKey = None) -> None:
+    def remove_share(self, auth_token: tuple, opaque_id: Optional[str] = None, share_key: Optional[cs3scr.ShareKey] = None) -> None:
         """
         Remove a share by its opaque id or share key (combination of resource_id, grantee and owner),
         one of them is required.
@@ -175,9 +177,9 @@ def remove_share(self, auth_token: tuple, opaque_id: str = None, share_key: cs3s
     def update_share(
         self, auth_token: tuple,
         role: str,
-        opaque_id: str = None,
-        share_key: cs3scr.ShareKey = None,
-        display_name: str = None
+        opaque_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        share_key: Optional[cs3scr.ShareKey] = None,
+        display_name: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> cs3scr.Share:
         """
         Update a share by its opaque id.
@@ -216,7 +218,7 @@ def update_share(
         return res.share
 
     def list_received_existing_shares(
-        self, auth_token: tuple, filter_list: list = None, page_size: int = 0, page_token: str = None
+        self, auth_token: tuple, filter_list: Optional[list] = None, page_size: int = 0, page_token: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> list:
         """
         List received existing shares.
@@ -240,7 +242,7 @@ def list_received_existing_shares(
         return (res.share_infos, res.next_page_token)
 
     def get_received_share(
-            self, auth_token: tuple, opaque_id: str = None, share_key: cs3scr.ShareKey = None
+            self, auth_token: tuple, opaque_id: Optional[str] = None, share_key: Optional[cs3scr.ShareKey] = None
     ) -> cs3scr.ReceivedShare:
         """
         Get a received share by its opaque id or share key (combination of resource_id, grantee and owner),
@@ -313,12 +315,12 @@ def create_public_share(
         auth_token: tuple,
         resource_info: cs3spr.ResourceInfo,
         role: str,
-        password: str = None,
-        expiration: cs3types.Timestamp = None,
-        description: str = None,
+        password: Optional[str] = None,
+        expiration: Optional[cs3types.Timestamp] = None,
+        description: Optional[str] = None,
         internal: bool = False,
         notify_uploads: bool = False,
-        notify_uploads_extra_recipients: list = None,
+        notify_uploads_extra_recipients: Optional[list] = None,
     ) -> cs3slr.PublicShare:
         """
         Create a public share.
@@ -358,7 +360,7 @@ def create_public_share(
         return res.share
 
     def list_existing_public_shares(
-        self, auth_token: tuple, filter_list: list = None, page_size: int = 0, page_token: str = None, sign: bool = None
+        self, auth_token: tuple, filter_list: Optional[list] = None, page_size: int = 0, page_token: Optional[str] = None, sign: bool = False
     ) -> list:
         """
         List existing public shares.
@@ -385,7 +387,7 @@ def list_existing_public_shares(
         return (res.share_infos, res.next_page_token)
 
     def get_public_share(
-            self, auth_token: tuple, opaque_id: str = None, token: str = None, sign: bool = False
+            self, auth_token: tuple, opaque_id: Optional[str] = None, token: Optional[str] = None, sign: bool = False
     ) -> cs3slr.PublicShare:
         """
         Get a public share by its opaque id or token, one of them is required.
@@ -423,14 +425,14 @@ def update_public_share(
         auth_token: tuple,
         type: str,
         role: str,
-        opaque_id: str = None,
-        token: str = None,
-        password: str = None,
-        expiration: cs3types.Timestamp = None,
-        notify_uploads_extra_recipients: str = None,
-        description: str = None,
-        display_name: str = None,
-        notify_uploads: bool = None,
+        opaque_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        token: Optional[str] = None,
+        password: Optional[str] = None,
+        expiration: Optional[cs3types.Timestamp] = None,
+        notify_uploads_extra_recipients: Optional[str] = None,
+        description: Optional[str] = None,
+        display_name: Optional[str] = None,
+        notify_uploads: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         """
         Update a public share by its opaque id or token. (one of them is required), role and type are required,
@@ -486,7 +488,7 @@ def update_public_share(
         )
         return res.share
 
-    def remove_public_share(self, auth_token: tuple, token: str = None, opaque_id: str = None) -> None:
+    def remove_public_share(self, auth_token: tuple, token: Optional[str] = None, opaque_id: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """
         Remove a public share by its token or opaque id, one of them is required.
 
@@ -520,12 +522,12 @@ def _create_public_share_update(
         cls,
         type: str,
         role: str,
-        password: str = None,
-        expiration: cs3types.Timestamp = None,
-        display_name: str = None,
-        description: str = None,
-        notify_uploads: bool = None,
-        notify_uploads_extra_recipients: str = None,
+        password: Optional[str] = None,
+        expiration: Optional[cs3types.Timestamp] = None,
+        display_name: Optional[str] = None,
+        description: Optional[str] = None,
+        notify_uploads: bool = False,
+        notify_uploads_extra_recipients: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> cs3slr.PublicShare:
         """
         Create a public share update object, based on the type the property will be updated,
@@ -567,7 +569,7 @@ def _create_public_share_update(
 
     @classmethod
     def _create_share_grant(
-        cls, opaque_id: str, idp: str, role: str, grantee_type: str, expiration: cs3types.Timestamp = None
+        cls, opaque_id: str, idp: str, role: str, grantee_type: str, expiration: Optional[cs3types.Timestamp] = None
     ) -> cs3scr.ShareGrant:
         """
         Create a share grant object.
@@ -643,10 +645,10 @@ def create_public_share_filter(
         cls,
         filter_type: str,
         resource_id: cs3spr.ResourceId = None,
-        owner_idp: str = None,
-        owner_opaque_id: str = None,
-        creator_idp: str = None,
-        creator_opaque_id: str = None,
+        owner_idp: Optional[str] = None,
+        owner_opaque_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        creator_idp: Optional[str] = None,
+        creator_opaque_id: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> cs3slapi.ListPublicSharesRequest.Filter:
         """
         Create a public share filter object, based on the filter type (can be TYPE_RESOURCE_ID, TYPE_OWNER,
@@ -688,13 +690,13 @@ def create_share_filter(
         cls,
         filter_type: str,
         resource_id: cs3spr.ResourceId = None,
-        owner_idp: str = None,
-        owner_opaque_id: str = None,
-        creator_idp: str = None,
-        creator_opaque_id: str = None,
-        grantee_type: str = None,
-        space_id: str = None,
-        share_state: str = None,
+        owner_idp: Optional[str] = None,
+        owner_opaque_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        creator_idp: Optional[str] = None,
+        creator_opaque_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        grantee_type: Optional[str] = None,
+        space_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        share_state: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> cs3scr.Filter:
         """
         Create a share filter object, based on the filter type (can be TYPE_RESOURCE_ID, TYPE_OWNER, TYPE_CREATOR,
diff --git a/cs3client/statuscodehandler.py b/cs3client/statuscodehandler.py
index c468212..f10fc10 100644
--- a/cs3client/statuscodehandler.py
+++ b/cs3client/statuscodehandler.py
@@ -7,10 +7,12 @@
 """
 
 import logging
+from typing import Optional
+
 import cs3.rpc.v1beta1.code_pb2 as cs3code
 import cs3.rpc.v1beta1.status_pb2 as cs3status
 
-from .exceptions.exceptions import AuthenticationException, NotFoundException, \
+from .exceptions import AuthenticationException, PermissionDeniedException, NotFoundException, \
     UnknownException, AlreadyExistsException, FileLockedException, UnimplementedException
 from .config import Config
 
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ def __init__(self, log: logging.Logger, config: Config) -> None:
         self._log = log
         self._config = config
 
-    def _log_not_found_info(self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, status_msg: str, msg: str = None) -> None:
+    def _log_not_found_info(self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, status_msg: str, msg: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         self._log.info(
             f'msg="Not found on {operation}" {msg + " " if msg else ""} '
             f'userid="{self._config.auth_client_id if self._config.auth_client_id else "no_id_set"}" '
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ def _log_not_found_info(self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, status_m
         )
 
     def _log_authentication_error(
-            self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, status_msg: str, msg: str = None
+            self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, status_msg: str, msg: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> None:
         self._log.error(
             f'msg="Authentication failed on {operation}" {msg + " " if msg else ""}'
@@ -36,7 +38,16 @@ def _log_authentication_error(
             f'trace="{status.trace}" reason="{status_msg}"'
         )
 
-    def _log_unknown_error(self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, status_msg: str, msg: str = None) -> None:
+    def _log_permission_denied_info(
+            self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, status_msg: str, msg: Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        self._log.info(
+            f'msg="Permission denied on {operation}" {msg + " " if msg else ""}'
+            f'userid="{self._config.auth_client_id if self._config.auth_client_id else "no_id_set"}" '
+            f'trace="{status.trace}" reason="{status_msg}"'
+        )
+
+    def _log_unknown_error(self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, status_msg: str, msg: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         self._log.error(
             f'msg="Failed to {operation}, unknown error" {msg + " " if msg else ""}'
             f'userid="{self._config.auth_client_id if self._config.auth_client_id else "no_id_set"}" '
@@ -44,7 +55,7 @@ def _log_unknown_error(self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, status_ms
         )
 
     def _log_precondition_info(
-            self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, status_msg: str, msg: str = None
+            self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, status_msg: str, msg: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> None:
         self._log.info(
             f'msg="Failed precondition on {operation}" {msg + " " if msg else ""}'
@@ -52,21 +63,21 @@ def _log_precondition_info(
             f'trace="{status.trace}" reason="{status_msg}"'
         )
 
-    def _log_already_exists(self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, status_msg: str, msg: str = None) -> None:
+    def _log_already_exists(self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, status_msg: str, msg: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         self._log.info(
             f'msg="Already exists on {operation}" {msg + " " if msg else ""}'
             f'userid="{self._config.auth_client_id if self._config.auth_client_id else "no_id_set"}" '
             f'trace="{status.trace}" reason="{status_msg}"'
         )
 
-    def _log_unimplemented(self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, status_msg: str, msg: str = None) -> None:
+    def _log_unimplemented(self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, status_msg: str, msg: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         self._log.info(
             f'msg="Invoked {operation} on unimplemented feature" {msg + " " if msg else ""}'
             f'userid="{self._config.auth_client_id if self._config.auth_client_id else "no_id_set"}" '
             f'trace="{status.trace}" reason="{status_msg}"'
         )
 
-    def handle_errors(self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, msg: str = None) -> None:
+    def handle_errors(self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, msg: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
 
         if status.code == cs3code.CODE_OK:
             return
@@ -75,31 +86,26 @@ def handle_errors(self, status: cs3status.Status, operation: str, msg: str = Non
 
         if status.code == cs3code.CODE_FAILED_PRECONDITION or status.code == cs3code.CODE_ABORTED:
             self._log_precondition_info(status, operation, status_message, msg)
-            raise FileLockedException(f'Failed precondition: operation="{operation}" '
-                                      f'status_code="{status.code}"  message="{status.message}"')
+            raise FileLockedException
         if status.code == cs3code.CODE_ALREADY_EXISTS:
             self._log_already_exists(status, operation, status_message, msg)
-            raise AlreadyExistsException(f'Resource already exists: operation="{operation}" '
-                                         f'status_code="{status.code}" message="{status.message}"')
+            raise AlreadyExistsException
         if status.code == cs3code.CODE_UNIMPLEMENTED:
             self._log.info(f'msg="Invoked {operation} on unimplemented feature" ')
-            raise UnimplementedException(f'Unimplemented feature: operation="{operation}" '
-                                         f'status_code="{status.code}" message="{status.message}"')
+            raise UnimplementedException
         if status.code == cs3code.CODE_NOT_FOUND:
             self._log_not_found_info(status, operation, status_message, msg)
-            raise NotFoundException(f'Not found: operation="{operation}" '
-                                    f'status_code="{status.code}" message="{status.message}"')
+            raise NotFoundException
         if status.code == cs3code.CODE_UNAUTHENTICATED:
             self._log_authentication_error(status, operation, status_message, msg)
-            raise AuthenticationException(f'Operation not permitted: operation="{operation}" '
-                                          f'status_code="{status.code}" message="{status.message}"')
+            raise AuthenticationException
+        if status.code == cs3code.CODE_PERMISSION_DENIED:
+            self._log_permission_denied_info(status, operation, status_message, msg)
+            raise PermissionDeniedException
         if status.code != cs3code.CODE_OK:
             if "path not found" in str(status.message).lower():
                 self._log.info(f'msg="Invoked {operation} on missing file" ')
-                raise NotFoundException(
-                    message=f'No such file or directory: operation="{operation}" '
-                            f'status_code="{status.code}" message="{status.message}"'
-                )
+                raise NotFoundException
             self._log_unknown_error(status, operation, status_message, msg)
             raise UnknownException(f'Unknown Error: operation="{operation}" status_code="{status.code}" '
                                    f'message="{status.message}"')
diff --git a/docs/source/exceptions.rst b/docs/source/exceptions.rst
index 5ba9cc0..3dd6db4 100644
--- a/docs/source/exceptions.rst
+++ b/docs/source/exceptions.rst
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 exceptions Module
 =================
 
-.. automodule:: exceptions.exceptions
+.. automodule:: exceptions
    :members:
    :undoc-members:
    :show-inheritance:
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/test_app.py b/tests/test_app.py
index 0233797..11af905 100644
--- a/tests/test_app.py
+++ b/tests/test_app.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 import pytest
 
-from cs3client.exceptions.exceptions import (
+from cs3client.exceptions import (
     AuthenticationException,
     NotFoundException,
     UnknownException,
diff --git a/tests/test_checkpoint.py b/tests/test_checkpoint.py
index d005965..be6e63e 100644
--- a/tests/test_checkpoint.py
+++ b/tests/test_checkpoint.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 import pytest
 import cs3.rpc.v1beta1.code_pb2 as cs3code
 
-from cs3client.exceptions.exceptions import (
+from cs3client.exceptions import (
     AuthenticationException,
     NotFoundException,
     UnknownException,
diff --git a/tests/test_file.py b/tests/test_file.py
index 7e83afa..4120795 100644
--- a/tests/test_file.py
+++ b/tests/test_file.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 import cs3.rpc.v1beta1.code_pb2 as cs3code
 
 from cs3client.cs3resource import Resource
-from cs3client.exceptions.exceptions import (
+from cs3client.exceptions import (
     AuthenticationException,
     NotFoundException,
     FileLockedException,
diff --git a/tests/test_share.py b/tests/test_share.py
index 295c928..1185188 100644
--- a/tests/test_share.py
+++ b/tests/test_share.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 import cs3.storage.provider.v1beta1.resources_pb2 as cs3spr
 import cs3.rpc.v1beta1.code_pb2 as cs3code
 
-from cs3client.exceptions.exceptions import (
+from cs3client.exceptions import (
     AuthenticationException,
     NotFoundException,
     UnknownException,
diff --git a/tests/test_user.py b/tests/test_user.py
index 837b183..c62146a 100644
--- a/tests/test_user.py
+++ b/tests/test_user.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 import cs3.rpc.v1beta1.code_pb2 as cs3code
 
-from cs3client.exceptions.exceptions import (
+from cs3client.exceptions import (
     AuthenticationException,
     NotFoundException,
     UnknownException,