diff --git a/deepgram/clients/analyze/v1/options.py b/deepgram/clients/analyze/v1/options.py
index f9fd89b9..c13f54bc 100644
--- a/deepgram/clients/analyze/v1/options.py
+++ b/deepgram/clients/analyze/v1/options.py
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 # Use of this source code is governed by a MIT license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from dataclasses_json import dataclass_json
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from dataclasses_json import dataclass_json, config
 
 from io import BufferedReader
 from typing import Union, Optional
@@ -20,17 +20,39 @@ class AnalyzeOptions:
     https://developers.deepgram.com/reference/text-intelligence-apis
     """
 
-    callback: Optional[str] = None
-    callback_method: Optional[str] = None
-    custom_intent: Optional[Union[list, str]] = None
-    custom_intent_mode: Optional[str] = None
-    custom_topic: Optional[Union[list, str]] = None
-    custom_topic_mode: Optional[str] = None
-    intents: Optional[bool] = None
-    language: Optional[str] = None
-    sentiment: Optional[bool] = None
-    summarize: Optional[bool] = None
-    topics: Optional[bool] = None
+    callback: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    callback_method: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    custom_intent: Optional[Union[list, str]] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    custom_intent_mode: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    custom_topic: Optional[Union[list, str]] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    custom_topic_mode: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    intents: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    language: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    sentiment: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    summarize: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    topics: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -69,7 +91,7 @@ class StreamSource:
         stream (BufferedReader): A BufferedReader object for reading binary data.
     """
 
-    stream: BufferedReader
+    stream: BufferedReader = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -95,7 +117,7 @@ class UrlSource:
         url (str): The URL pointing to the hosted file.
     """
 
-    url: str
+    url: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -121,7 +143,7 @@ class BufferSource:
         buffer (bytes): The binary data.
     """
 
-    buffer: bytes
+    buffer: bytes = b""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
diff --git a/deepgram/clients/analyze/v1/response.py b/deepgram/clients/analyze/v1/response.py
index bb4f7872..1c1bc712 100644
--- a/deepgram/clients/analyze/v1/response.py
+++ b/deepgram/clients/analyze/v1/response.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class AsyncAnalyzeResponse:
-    request_id: Optional[str] = ""
+    request_id: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class IntentsInfo:
-    model_uuid: Optional[str] = ""
-    input_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
-    output_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
+    model_uuid: str = ""
+    input_tokens: int = 0
+    output_tokens: int = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class SentimentInfo:
-    model_uuid: Optional[str] = ""
-    input_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
-    output_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
+    model_uuid: str = ""
+    input_tokens: int = 0
+    output_tokens: int = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class SummaryInfo:
-    model_uuid: Optional[str] = ""
-    input_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
-    output_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
+    model_uuid: str = ""
+    input_tokens: int = 0
+    output_tokens: int = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class TopicsInfo:
-    model_uuid: Optional[str] = ""
-    input_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
-    output_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
+    model_uuid: str = ""
+    input_tokens: int = 0
+    output_tokens: int = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -90,9 +90,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Metadata:
-    request_id: Optional[str] = ""
-    created: Optional[str] = ""
-    language: Optional[str] = ""
+    request_id: str = ""
+    created: str = ""
+    language: str = ""
     intents_info: Optional[IntentsInfo] = field(
         default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
     )
@@ -125,10 +125,8 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Average:
-    sentiment: Optional[Sentiment] = field(
-        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
-    )
-    sentiment_score: Optional[float] = 0
+    sentiment: Sentiment = None
+    sentiment_score: float = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -143,7 +141,7 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Summary:
-    text: Optional[str] = ""
+    text: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -156,8 +154,8 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Topic:
-    topic: Optional[str] = ""
-    confidence_score: Optional[float] = 0
+    topic: str = ""
+    confidence_score: float = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -170,8 +168,8 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Intent:
-    intent: Optional[str] = ""
-    confidence_score: Optional[float] = 0
+    intent: str = ""
+    confidence_score: float = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -184,9 +182,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Segment:
-    text: Optional[str] = ""
-    start_word: Optional[int] = 0
-    end_word: Optional[int] = 0
+    text: str = ""
+    start_word: int = 0
+    end_word: int = 0
     sentiment: Optional[Sentiment] = field(
         default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
     )
@@ -215,12 +213,8 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Sentiments:
-    segments: Optional[List[Segment]] = field(
-        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
-    )
-    average: Optional[Average] = field(
-        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
-    )
+    segments: List[Segment] = None
+    average: Average = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -239,9 +233,7 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Topics:
-    segments: Optional[List[Segment]] = field(
-        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
-    )
+    segments: List[Segment] = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -258,9 +250,7 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Intents:
-    segments: Optional[List[Segment]] = field(
-        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
-    )
+    segments: List[Segment] = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
diff --git a/deepgram/clients/live/v1/options.py b/deepgram/clients/live/v1/options.py
index e73394a9..aba9894e 100644
--- a/deepgram/clients/live/v1/options.py
+++ b/deepgram/clients/live/v1/options.py
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 # Use of this source code is governed by a MIT license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from dataclasses_json import dataclass_json
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from dataclasses_json import dataclass_json, config
 from typing import List, Optional, Union
 import logging, verboselogs
 
@@ -18,34 +18,90 @@ class LiveOptions:
     https://developers.deepgram.com/reference/streaming
     """
 
-    alternatives: Optional[int] = None
-    callback: Optional[str] = None
-    callback_method: Optional[str] = None
-    channels: Optional[int] = None
-    diarize: Optional[bool] = None
-    diarize_version: Optional[str] = None
-    encoding: Optional[str] = None
-    endpointing: Optional[str] = None
-    extra: Optional[Union[list, str]] = None
-    filler_words: Optional[bool] = None
-    interim_results: Optional[bool] = None
-    keywords: Optional[str] = None
-    language: Optional[str] = None
-    model: Optional[str] = None
-    multichannel: Optional[bool] = None
-    numerals: Optional[bool] = None
-    punctuate: Optional[bool] = None
-    profanity_filter: Optional[bool] = None
-    redact: Optional[bool] = None
-    replace: Optional[str] = None
-    sample_rate: Optional[int] = None
-    search: Optional[str] = None
-    smart_format: Optional[bool] = None
-    tag: Optional[list] = None
-    tier: Optional[str] = None
-    utterance_end_ms: Optional[str] = None
-    vad_events: Optional[bool] = None
-    version: Optional[str] = None
+    alternatives: Optional[int] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    callback: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    callback_method: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    channels: Optional[int] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    diarize: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    diarize_version: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    encoding: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    endpointing: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    extra: Optional[Union[list, str]] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    filler_words: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    interim_results: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    keywords: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    language: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    model: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    multichannel: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    numerals: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    punctuate: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    profanity_filter: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    redact: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    replace: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    sample_rate: Optional[int] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    search: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    smart_format: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    tag: Optional[list] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    tier: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    utterance_end_ms: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    vad_events: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    version: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
diff --git a/deepgram/clients/live/v1/response.py b/deepgram/clients/live/v1/response.py
index 2ccca5d8..212a392d 100644
--- a/deepgram/clients/live/v1/response.py
+++ b/deepgram/clients/live/v1/response.py
@@ -13,11 +13,13 @@
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Word:
-    word: Optional[str] = ""
-    start: Optional[float] = 0
-    end: Optional[float] = 0
-    confidence: Optional[float] = 0
-    punctuated_word: Optional[str] = ""
+    word: str = ""
+    start: float = 0
+    end: float = 0
+    confidence: float = 0
+    punctuated_word: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
     speaker: Optional[int] = field(
         default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
     )
@@ -36,11 +38,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Alternative:
-    transcript: Optional[str] = ""
-    confidence: Optional[float] = 0
-    words: Optional[List[Word]] = field(
-        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
-    )
+    transcript: str = ""
+    confidence: float = 0
+    words: List[Word] = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -58,9 +58,7 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Channel:
-    alternatives: Optional[List[Alternative]] = field(
-        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
-    )
+    alternatives: List[Alternative] = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -81,9 +79,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class ModelInfo:
-    name: Optional[str] = ""
-    version: Optional[str] = ""
-    arch: Optional[str] = ""
+    name: str = ""
+    version: str = ""
+    arch: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -99,11 +97,11 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Metadata:
-    request_id: Optional[str] = ""
-    model_info: Optional[ModelInfo] = field(
+    request_id: str = ""
+    model_info: ModelInfo = field(
         default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
     )
-    model_uuid: Optional[str] = ""
+    model_uuid: str = ""
     extra: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = field(
         default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
     )
@@ -132,18 +130,14 @@ class LiveResultResponse:
     Result Message from the Deepgram Platform
     """
 
-    type: Optional[str] = ""
-    channel_index: Optional[List[int]] = None
-    duration: Optional[float] = 0
-    start: Optional[float] = 0
-    is_final: Optional[bool] = False
-    speech_final: Optional[bool] = False
-    channel: Optional[Channel] = field(
-        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
-    )
-    metadata: Optional[Metadata] = field(
-        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
-    )
+    type: str = ""
+    channel_index: List[int] = None
+    duration: float = 0
+    start: float = 0
+    is_final: bool = False
+    speech_final: bool = False
+    channel: Channel = None
+    metadata: Metadata = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -170,9 +164,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class ModelInfo:
-    name: Optional[str] = ""
-    version: Optional[str] = ""
-    arch: Optional[str] = ""
+    name: str = ""
+    version: str = ""
+    arch: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -192,19 +186,15 @@ class MetadataResponse:
     Metadata Message from the Deepgram Platform
     """
 
-    type: Optional[str] = ""
-    transaction_key: Optional[str] = ""
-    request_id: Optional[str] = ""
-    sha256: Optional[str] = ""
-    created: Optional[str] = ""
-    duration: Optional[float] = 0
-    channels: Optional[int] = 0
-    models: Optional[List[str]] = field(
-        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
-    )
-    model_info: Optional[Dict[str, ModelInfo]] = field(
-        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
-    )
+    type: str = ""
+    transaction_key: str = ""
+    request_id: str = ""
+    sha256: str = ""
+    created: str = ""
+    duration: float = 0
+    channels: int = 0
+    models: List[str] = None
+    model_info: Dict[str, ModelInfo] = None
     extra: Optional[Dict] = field(
         default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
     )
@@ -239,9 +229,9 @@ class SpeechStartedResponse:
     SpeechStartedResponse Message from the Deepgram Platform
     """
 
-    type: Optional[str] = ""
-    channel: Optional[List[int]] = None
-    timestamp: Optional[float] = 0
+    type: str = ""
+    channel: List[int] = None
+    timestamp: float = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -264,9 +254,9 @@ class UtteranceEndResponse:
     UtteranceEnd Message from the Deepgram Platform
     """
 
-    type: Optional[str] = ""
-    channel: Optional[List[int]] = None
-    last_word_end: Optional[float] = 0
+    type: str = ""
+    channel: List[int] = None
+    last_word_end: float = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -289,9 +279,9 @@ class ErrorResponse:
     Error Message from the Deepgram Platform
     """
 
-    description: Optional[str] = ""
-    message: Optional[str] = ""
-    type: Optional[str] = ""
+    description: str = ""
+    message: str = ""
+    type: str = ""
     variant: Optional[str] = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
diff --git a/deepgram/clients/manage/v1/options.py b/deepgram/clients/manage/v1/options.py
index e69a9c33..6920a6bc 100644
--- a/deepgram/clients/manage/v1/options.py
+++ b/deepgram/clients/manage/v1/options.py
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 # Use of this source code is governed by a MIT license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from dataclasses_json import dataclass_json
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from dataclasses_json import dataclass_json, config
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import TypedDict, List, Optional
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class ProjectOptions:
-    name: Optional[str] = ""
+    name: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -30,10 +30,16 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass
 class KeyOptions:
     comment: Optional[str] = ""
-    time_to_live_in_seconds: Optional[int] = 0
-    expiration_date: Optional[str] = ""
-    scopes: Optional[List[str]] = None
-    tags: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    time_to_live_in_seconds: Optional[int] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    expiration_date: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    scopes: List[str] = None
+    tags: Optional[List[str]] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -53,7 +59,7 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class ScopeOptions:
-    scope: Optional[str] = ""
+    scope: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -69,8 +75,8 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class InviteOptions:
-    email: Optional[str] = ""
-    scope: Optional[str] = ""
+    email: str = ""
+    scope: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -86,10 +92,18 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class UsageRequestOptions:
-    start: Optional[str] = ""
-    end: Optional[str] = ""
-    limit: Optional[int] = 0
-    status: Optional[str] = ""
+    start: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    end: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    limit: Optional[int] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    status: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -105,27 +119,69 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class UsageSummaryOptions:
-    start: Optional[str] = ""
-    end: Optional[str] = ""
-    accessor: Optional[str] = ""
-    tag: Optional[str] = ""
-    method: Optional[str] = ""
-    model: Optional[str] = ""
-    multichannel: Optional[bool] = False
-    interim_results: Optional[bool] = False
-    punctuate: Optional[bool] = False
-    ner: Optional[bool] = False
-    utterances: Optional[bool] = False
-    replace: Optional[bool] = False
-    profanity_filter: Optional[bool] = False
-    keywords: Optional[bool] = False
-    detect_topics: Optional[bool] = False
-    diarize: Optional[bool] = False
-    search: Optional[bool] = False
-    redact: Optional[bool] = False
-    alternatives: Optional[bool] = False
-    numerals: Optional[bool] = False
-    smart_format: Optional[bool] = False
+    start: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    end: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    accessor: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    tag: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    method: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    model: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    multichannel: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    interim_results: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    punctuate: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    ner: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    utterances: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    replace: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    profanity_filter: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    keywords: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    detect_topics: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    diarize: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    search: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    redact: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    alternatives: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    numerals: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    smart_format: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
diff --git a/deepgram/clients/manage/v1/response.py b/deepgram/clients/manage/v1/response.py
index 0e4771ab..cae82843 100644
--- a/deepgram/clients/manage/v1/response.py
+++ b/deepgram/clients/manage/v1/response.py
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 # Use of this source code is governed by a MIT license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from dataclasses_json import dataclass_json
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from dataclasses_json import dataclass_json, config
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import TypedDict, List, Optional
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Message:
-    message: Optional[str] = ""
+    message: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Project:
-    project_id: Optional[str] = ""
-    name: Optional[str] = ""
+    project_id: str = ""
+    name: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class ProjectsResponse:
-    projects: Optional[List[Project]] = None
+    projects: List[Project] = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Member:
-    email: Optional[str] = ""
-    first_name: Optional[str] = ""
-    last_name: Optional[str] = ""
-    member_id: Optional[str] = ""
+    email: str = ""
+    first_name: str = ""
+    last_name: str = ""
+    member_id: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class MembersResponse:
-    members: Optional[List[Member]] = None
+    members: List[Member] = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -115,10 +115,10 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Key:
-    api_key_id: Optional[str] = ""
+    api_key_id: str = ""
     comment: Optional[str] = ""
-    created: Optional[str] = ""
-    scopes: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    created: str = ""
+    scopes: List[str] = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class KeyResponse:
-    api_key: Optional[Key] = None
-    member: Optional[Member] = None
+    api_key: Key = None
+    member: Member = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class KeysResponse:
-    api_keys: Optional[List[KeyResponse]] = None
+    api_keys: List[KeyResponse] = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class ScopesResponse:
-    scopes: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    scopes: List[str] = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -201,8 +201,8 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Invite:
-    email: Optional[str] = ""
-    scope: Optional[str] = ""
+    email: str = ""
+    scope: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class InvitesResponse:
-    invites: Optional[List[Invite]] = None
+    invites: List[Invite] = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -241,8 +241,8 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Config:
-    language: Optional[str] = ""
-    model: Optional[str] = ""
+    language: str = ""
+    model: str = ""
     punctuate: Optional[bool] = False
     utterances: Optional[bool] = False
     diarize: Optional[bool] = False
@@ -263,16 +263,18 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Details:
-    usd: Optional[float] = 0
-    duration: Optional[float] = 0
-    total_audio: Optional[float] = 0
-    channels: Optional[int] = 0
-    streams: Optional[int] = 0
-    method: Optional[str] = ""
-    models: Optional[List[str]] = None
-    tags: Optional[List[str]] = None
-    features: Optional[List[str]] = None
-    config: Optional[Config] = None
+    usd: float = 0
+    duration: float = 0
+    total_audio: float = 0
+    channels: int = 0
+    streams: int = 0
+    method: str = ""
+    models: List[str] = None
+    tags: Optional[List[str]] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    features: List[str] = None
+    config: Config = None
     tier: Optional[str] = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
@@ -297,9 +299,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Callback:
-    attempts: Optional[int] = 0
-    code: Optional[int] = 0
-    completed: Optional[str] = ""
+    attempts: int = 0
+    code: int = 0
+    completed: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -315,10 +317,10 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class TokenDetail:
-    feature: Optional[str] = ""
-    input: Optional[int] = 0
-    model: Optional[str] = ""
-    output: Optional[int] = 0
+    feature: str = ""
+    input: int = 0
+    model: str = ""
+    output: int = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -334,10 +336,10 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Response:
-    code: Optional[int] = 0
-    completed: Optional[str] = ""
-    details: Optional[Details] = None
-    token_details: Optional[List[TokenDetail]] = None
+    code: int = 0
+    completed: str = ""
+    details: Details = None
+    token_details: List[TokenDetail] = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -360,14 +362,18 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class UsageRequest:
-    project_uuid: Optional[str] = ""
-    request_id: Optional[str] = ""
-    created: Optional[str] = ""
-    path: Optional[str] = ""
-    api_key_id: Optional[str] = ""
-    response: Optional[Response] = None
-    callback: Optional[Callback] = None
-    accessor: Optional[str] = ""
+    project_uuid: str = ""
+    request_id: str = ""
+    created: str = ""
+    path: str = ""
+    api_key_id: str = ""
+    response: Response = None
+    callback: Optional[Callback] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    accessor: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -387,9 +393,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class UsageRequestsResponse:
-    page: Optional[int] = 0
-    limit: Optional[int] = 0
-    requests: Optional[List[UsageRequest]] = None
+    page: int = 0
+    limit: int = 0
+    requests: List[UsageRequest] = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -409,8 +415,8 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Tokens:
-    tokens_in: Optional[int] = 0
-    out: Optional[int] = 0
+    tokens_in: int = 0
+    out: int = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -426,12 +432,12 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Results:
-    start: Optional[str] = ""
-    end: Optional[str] = ""
-    hours: Optional[int] = 0
-    total_hours: Optional[int] = 0
-    requests: Optional[int] = 0
-    tokens: Optional[Tokens] = None
+    start: str = ""
+    end: str = ""
+    hours: int = 0
+    total_hours: int = 0
+    requests: int = 0
+    tokens: Tokens = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -449,8 +455,8 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Resolution:
-    units: Optional[str] = ""
-    amount: Optional[int] = 0
+    units: str = ""
+    amount: int = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -466,10 +472,10 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class UsageSummaryResponse:
-    start: Optional[str] = ""
-    end: Optional[str] = ""
-    resolution: Optional[Resolution] = None
-    results: Optional[List[Results]] = None
+    start: str = ""
+    end: str = ""
+    resolution: Resolution = None
+    results: List[Results] = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -491,10 +497,10 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class UsageModel:
-    name: Optional[str] = ""
-    language: Optional[str] = ""
-    version: Optional[str] = ""
-    model_id: Optional[str] = ""
+    name: str = ""
+    language: str = ""
+    version: str = ""
+    model_id: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -510,11 +516,15 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class UsageFieldsResponse:
-    tags: Optional[List[str]] = None
-    models: Optional[List[UsageModel]] = None
-    processing_methods: Optional[List[str]] = None
-    features: Optional[List[str]] = None
-    languages: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    tags: Optional[List[str]] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    models: List[UsageModel] = None
+    processing_methods: List[str] = None
+    features: List[str] = None
+    languages: List[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -548,10 +558,10 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Balance:
-    balance_id: Optional[str] = ""
-    amount: Optional[str] = ""
-    units: Optional[str] = ""
-    purchase_order_id: Optional[str] = ""
+    balance_id: str = ""
+    amount: str = ""
+    units: str = ""
+    purchase_order_id: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -567,7 +577,7 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class BalancesResponse:
-    balances: Optional[List[Balance]] = None
+    balances: List[Balance] = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
diff --git a/deepgram/clients/prerecorded/v1/options.py b/deepgram/clients/prerecorded/v1/options.py
index b74e79df..ff19516d 100644
--- a/deepgram/clients/prerecorded/v1/options.py
+++ b/deepgram/clients/prerecorded/v1/options.py
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 # Use of this source code is governed by a MIT license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from dataclasses_json import dataclass_json
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from dataclasses_json import dataclass_json, config
 
 from io import BufferedReader
 from typing import Union, List, Optional
@@ -20,43 +20,117 @@ class PrerecordedOptions:
     https://developers.deepgram.com/reference/pre-recorded
     """
 
-    alternatives: Optional[int] = None
-    callback: Optional[str] = None
-    callback_method: Optional[str] = None
-    custom_intent: Optional[Union[list, str]] = None
-    custom_intent_mode: Optional[str] = None
-    custom_topics: Optional[Union[list, str]] = None
-    custom_topic_mode: Optional[str] = None
-    detect_entities: Optional[bool] = None
-    detect_language: Optional[bool] = None
-    detect_topics: Optional[bool] = None
-    diarize: Optional[bool] = None
-    diarize_version: Optional[str] = None
-    dictation: Optional[bool] = None
-    extra: Optional[Union[list, str]] = None
-    filler_words: Optional[bool] = None
-    intents: Optional[bool] = None
-    keywords: Optional[Union[list, str]] = None
-    language: Optional[str] = None
-    measurements: Optional[bool] = None
-    model: Optional[str] = None
-    multichannel: Optional[bool] = None
-    numerals: Optional[bool] = None
-    paragraphs: Optional[bool] = None
-    profanity_filter: Optional[bool] = None
-    punctuate: Optional[bool] = None
-    redact: Optional[Union[List[str], bool, str]] = None
-    replace: Optional[Union[list, str]] = None
-    search: Optional[Union[list, str]] = None
-    sentiment: Optional[bool] = None
-    smart_format: Optional[bool] = None
-    summarize: Optional[Union[bool, str]] = None
-    tag: Optional[list] = None
-    tier: Optional[str] = None
-    topics: Optional[bool] = None
-    utt_split: Optional[int] = None
-    utterances: Optional[bool] = None
-    version: Optional[str] = None
+    alternatives: Optional[int] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    callback: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    callback_method: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    custom_intent: Optional[Union[list, str]] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    custom_intent_mode: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    custom_topics: Optional[Union[list, str]] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    custom_topic_mode: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    detect_entities: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    detect_language: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    detect_topics: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    diarize: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    diarize_version: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    dictation: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    extra: Optional[Union[list, str]] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    filler_words: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    intents: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    keywords: Optional[Union[list, str]] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    language: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    measurements: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    model: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    multichannel: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    numerals: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    paragraphs: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    profanity_filter: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    punctuate: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    redact: Optional[Union[List[str], bool, str]] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    replace: Optional[Union[list, str]] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    search: Optional[Union[list, str]] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    sentiment: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    smart_format: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    summarize: Optional[Union[bool, str]] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    tag: Optional[list] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    tier: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    topics: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    utt_split: Optional[int] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    utterances: Optional[bool] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    version: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
diff --git a/deepgram/clients/prerecorded/v1/response.py b/deepgram/clients/prerecorded/v1/response.py
index 0a7f4028..9314517a 100644
--- a/deepgram/clients/prerecorded/v1/response.py
+++ b/deepgram/clients/prerecorded/v1/response.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class AsyncPrerecordedResponse:
-    request_id: Optional[str] = ""
+    request_id: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class SummaryInfo:
-    input_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
-    output_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
-    model_uuid: Optional[str] = ""
+    input_tokens: int = 0
+    output_tokens: int = 0
+    model_uuid: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class ModelInfo:
-    name: Optional[str] = ""
-    version: Optional[str] = ""
-    arch: Optional[str] = ""
+    name: str = ""
+    version: str = ""
+    arch: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class IntentsInfo:
-    model_uuid: Optional[str] = ""
-    input_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
-    output_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
+    model_uuid: str = ""
+    input_tokens: int = 0
+    output_tokens: int = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class SentimentInfo:
-    model_uuid: Optional[str] = 0
-    input_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
-    output_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
+    model_uuid: str = 0
+    input_tokens: int = 0
+    output_tokens: int = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -104,9 +104,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class TopicsInfo:
-    model_uuid: Optional[str] = ""
-    input_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
-    output_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
+    model_uuid: str = ""
+    input_tokens: int = 0
+    output_tokens: int = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -122,12 +122,12 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Metadata:
-    transaction_key: Optional[str] = ""
-    request_id: Optional[str] = ""
-    sha256: Optional[str] = ""
-    created: Optional[str] = ""
-    duration: Optional[float] = 0
-    channels: Optional[int] = 0
+    transaction_key: str = ""
+    request_id: str = ""
+    sha256: str = ""
+    created: str = ""
+    duration: float = 0
+    channels: int = 0
     models: Optional[List[str]] = field(
         default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
     )
@@ -188,9 +188,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class SummaryV1:
-    summary: Optional[str] = ""
-    start_word: Optional[float] = 0
-    end_word: Optional[float] = 0
+    summary: str = ""
+    start_word: float = 0
+    end_word: float = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -212,8 +212,8 @@ class Summaries(SummaryV1):  # internal reference to old name
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class SummaryV2:
-    result: Optional[str] = ""
-    short: Optional[str] = ""
+    result: str = ""
+    short: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -235,9 +235,9 @@ class Summary(SummaryV2):  # internal reference to old name
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Hit:
-    confidence: Optional[float] = 0
-    start: Optional[float] = 0
-    end: Optional[float] = 0
+    confidence: float = 0
+    start: float = 0
+    end: float = 0
     snippet: Optional[str] = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
@@ -254,11 +254,13 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Word:
-    word: Optional[str] = ""
-    start: Optional[float] = 0
-    end: Optional[float] = 0
-    confidence: Optional[float] = 0
-    punctuated_word: Optional[str] = ""
+    word: str = ""
+    start: float = 0
+    end: float = 0
+    confidence: float = 0
+    punctuated_word: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
     speaker: Optional[int] = field(
         default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
     )
@@ -288,9 +290,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Sentence:
-    text: Optional[str] = ""
-    start: Optional[float] = 0
-    end: Optional[float] = 0
+    text: str = ""
+    start: float = 0
+    end: float = 0
     sentiment: Optional[Sentiment] = field(
         default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
     )
@@ -314,12 +316,10 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Paragraph:
-    sentences: Optional[List[Sentence]] = field(
-        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
-    )
-    start: Optional[float] = 0
-    end: Optional[float] = 0
-    num_words: Optional[float] = 0
+    sentences: List[Sentence] = None
+    start: float = 0
+    end: float = 0
+    num_words: float = 0
     speaker: Optional[int] = field(
         default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
     )
@@ -390,9 +390,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Warning:
-    parameter: Optional[str] = ""
-    type: Optional[str] = ""
-    message: Optional[str] = ""
+    parameter: str = ""
+    type: str = ""
+    message: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -408,10 +408,8 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Search:
-    query: Optional[str] = ""
-    hits: Optional[List[Hit]] = field(
-        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
-    )
+    query: str = ""
+    hits: List[Hit] = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -429,14 +427,12 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Utterance:
-    start: Optional[float] = 0
-    end: Optional[float] = 0
-    confidence: Optional[float] = 0
-    channel: Optional[int] = 0
-    transcript: Optional[str] = ""
-    words: Optional[List[Word]] = field(
-        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
-    )
+    start: float = 0
+    end: float = 0
+    confidence: float = 0
+    channel: int = 0
+    transcript: str = ""
+    words: List[Word] = None
     speaker: Optional[int] = field(
         default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
     )
@@ -446,7 +442,7 @@ class Utterance:
     sentiment_score: Optional[float] = field(
         default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
     )
-    id: Optional[str] = ""
+    id: str = ""
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -466,11 +462,11 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Entity:
-    label: Optional[str] = ""
-    value: Optional[str] = ""
-    confidence: Optional[float] = 0
-    start_word: Optional[float] = 0
-    end_word: Optional[float] = 0
+    label: str = ""
+    value: str = ""
+    confidence: float = 0
+    start_word: float = 0
+    end_word: float = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -486,11 +482,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Alternative:
-    transcript: Optional[str] = ""
-    confidence: Optional[float] = 0
-    words: Optional[List[Word]] = field(
-        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
-    )
+    transcript: str = ""
+    confidence: float = 0
+    words: List[Word] = None
     summaries: Optional[List[SummaryV1]] = field(
         default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
     )
@@ -538,11 +532,13 @@ class Channel:
     search: Optional[List[Search]] = field(
         default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
     )
-    alternatives: Optional[List[Alternative]] = field(
+    alternatives: List[Alternative] = None
+    detected_language: Optional[str] = field(
+        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
+    )
+    language_confidence: Optional[float] = field(
         default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
     )
-    detected_language: Optional[str] = ""
-    language_confidence: Optional[float] = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -565,8 +561,8 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Intent:
-    intent: Optional[str] = ""
-    confidence_score: Optional[float] = 0
+    intent: str = ""
+    confidence_score: float = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -582,12 +578,8 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Average:
-    sentiment: Optional[Sentiment] = field(
-        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
-    )
-    sentiment_score: Optional[float] = field(
-        default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
-    )
+    sentiment: Sentiment = None
+    sentiment_score: float = None
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -605,8 +597,8 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Topic:
-    topic: Optional[str] = ""
-    confidence_score: Optional[float] = 0
+    topic: str = ""
+    confidence_score: float = 0
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         _dict = self.to_dict()
@@ -622,9 +614,9 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 @dataclass_json
 @dataclass
 class Segment:
-    text: Optional[str] = ""
-    start_word: Optional[int] = 0
-    end_word: Optional[int] = 0
+    text: str = ""
+    start_word: int = 0
+    end_word: int = 0
     sentiment: Optional[Sentiment] = field(
         default=None, metadata=config(exclude=lambda f: f is None)
     )
diff --git a/examples/manage/usage/main.py b/examples/manage/usage/main.py
index 227415ea..dd1f0e37 100644
--- a/examples/manage/usage/main.py
+++ b/examples/manage/usage/main.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ def main():
             myId = project.project_id
             myName = project.name
             print(f"ListProjects() - ID: {myId}, Name: {myName}")
+            break
 
         # list requests
         requestId = None
@@ -41,9 +42,10 @@ def main():
         if listResp is None:
             print("No requests found")
         else:
+            print(f"GetUsageRequests() - listResp: {listResp}")
             for request in listResp.requests:
                 requestId = request.request_id
-                print(f"GetUsageRequests() - ID: {requestId}, Path: {request.path}")
+                break
         print(f"request_id: {requestId}")
         print("")
 
@@ -52,10 +54,7 @@ def main():
         if reqResp is None:
             print("No request found")
         else:
-            for request in listResp.requests:
-                print(
-                    f"GetUsageRequest() - ID: {request.request_id}, Path: {request.path}"
-                )
+            print(f"GetUsageRequest() - listResp: {listResp}")
         print("")
 
         # get fields
@@ -65,12 +64,7 @@ def main():
             print(f"UsageFields not found.")
             sys.exit(1)
         else:
-            for model in listResp.models:
-                print(
-                    f"GetUsageFields Models - ID: {model.model_id}, Name: {model.name}"
-                )
-            for method in listResp.processing_methods:
-                print(f"GetUsageFields Methods: {method}")
+            print(f"GetUsageFields Models - listResp: {listResp}")
         print("")
 
         # list usage
@@ -79,8 +73,7 @@ def main():
         if listResp is None:
             print("UsageSummary not found")
         else:
-            for item in listResp.results:
-                print(f"GetSummary - {item.requests} Calls/{listResp.resolution.units}")
+            print(f"GetSummary - listResp: {listResp}")
     except Exception as e:
         print(f"Exception: {e}")
 
diff --git a/examples/streaming/microphone/main.py b/examples/streaming/microphone/main.py
index a9f43238..c325da6c 100644
--- a/examples/streaming/microphone/main.py
+++ b/examples/streaming/microphone/main.py
@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ def main():
     try:
         # example of setting up a client config. logging values: WARNING, VERBOSE, DEBUG, SPAM
         # config = DeepgramClientOptions(
-        #     verbose=logging.DEBUG,
-        #     options={"keepalive": "true"}
+        #     verbose=logging.DEBUG, options={"keepalive": "true"}
         # )
         # deepgram: DeepgramClient = DeepgramClient("", config)
         # otherwise, use default config