diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/Resources/Strings.resx b/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/Resources/Strings.resx
index ac632535dfd180..1c595d0bc0409d 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/Resources/Strings.resx
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/Resources/Strings.resx
@@ -205,4 +205,7 @@
   <data name="TarStreamSeekabilityUnsupportedCombination" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>Cannot write the unseekable data stream of entry '{0}' into an unseekable archive stream.</value>
   </data>
+  <data name="ExtHeaderInvalidRecords" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>The extended header contains invalid records.</value>
+  </data>
 </root>
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/SubReadStream.cs b/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/SubReadStream.cs
index bda8886efd5a8e..efa933d02fa70b 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/SubReadStream.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/SubReadStream.cs
@@ -64,23 +64,26 @@ public override long Position
 
         public override bool CanWrite => false;
 
-        internal bool HasReachedEnd
+        private long Remaining => _endInSuperStream - _positionInSuperStream;
+
+        private int LimitByRemaining(int bufferSize) => (int)Math.Min(Remaining, bufferSize);
+
+        internal ValueTask AdvanceToEndAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
-            get
-            {
-                if (!_hasReachedEnd && _positionInSuperStream > _endInSuperStream)
-                {
-                    _hasReachedEnd = true;
-                }
-                return _hasReachedEnd;
-            }
-            set
-            {
-                if (value) // Don't allow revert to false
-                {
-                    _hasReachedEnd = true;
-                }
-            }
+            _hasReachedEnd = true;
+
+            long remaining = Remaining;
+            _positionInSuperStream = _endInSuperStream;
+            return TarHelpers.AdvanceStreamAsync(_superStream, remaining, cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        internal void AdvanceToEnd()
+        {
+            _hasReachedEnd = true;
+
+            long remaining = Remaining;
+            _positionInSuperStream = _endInSuperStream;
+            TarHelpers.AdvanceStream(_superStream, remaining);
         }
 
         protected void ThrowIfDisposed()
@@ -90,7 +93,7 @@ protected void ThrowIfDisposed()
 
         private void ThrowIfBeyondEndOfStream()
         {
-            if (HasReachedEnd)
+            if (_hasReachedEnd)
             {
                 throw new EndOfStreamException();
             }
@@ -107,21 +110,12 @@ public override int Read(Span<byte> destination)
             ThrowIfDisposed();
             ThrowIfBeyondEndOfStream();
 
-            // parameter validation sent to _superStream.Read
-            int origCount = destination.Length;
-            int count = destination.Length;
-
-            if (_positionInSuperStream + count > _endInSuperStream)
-            {
-                count = (int)(_endInSuperStream - _positionInSuperStream);
-            }
-
-            Debug.Assert(count >= 0);
-            Debug.Assert(count <= origCount);
+            destination = destination[..LimitByRemaining(destination.Length)];
 
-            int ret = _superStream.Read(destination.Slice(0, count));
+            int ret = _superStream.Read(destination);
 
             _positionInSuperStream += ret;
+
             return ret;
         }
 
@@ -158,14 +152,12 @@ protected async ValueTask<int> ReadAsyncCore(Memory<byte> buffer, CancellationTo
 
             cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
 
-            if (_positionInSuperStream > _endInSuperStream - buffer.Length)
-            {
-                buffer = buffer.Slice(0, (int)(_endInSuperStream - _positionInSuperStream));
-            }
+            buffer = buffer[..LimitByRemaining(buffer.Length)];
 
             int ret = await _superStream.ReadAsync(buffer, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
             _positionInSuperStream += ret;
+
             return ret;
         }
 
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/TarHeader.Read.cs b/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/TarHeader.Read.cs
index 37570d0d33a5ea..509bcd02a24abf 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/TarHeader.Read.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/TarHeader.Read.cs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using System.Globalization;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading;
@@ -384,7 +385,7 @@ private async Task ProcessDataBlockAsync(Stream archiveStream, bool copyData, Ca
 
             // Continue with the rest of the fields that require no special checks
             TarHeader header = new(initialFormat,
-                name: TarHelpers.GetTrimmedUtf8String(buffer.Slice(FieldLocations.Name, FieldLengths.Name)),
+                name: TarHelpers.ParseUtf8String(buffer.Slice(FieldLocations.Name, FieldLengths.Name)),
                 mode: TarHelpers.ParseNumeric<int>(buffer.Slice(FieldLocations.Mode, FieldLengths.Mode)),
                 mTime: ParseAsTimestamp(buffer.Slice(FieldLocations.MTime, FieldLengths.MTime)),
                 typeFlag: (TarEntryType)buffer[FieldLocations.TypeFlag])
@@ -393,7 +394,7 @@ private async Task ProcessDataBlockAsync(Stream archiveStream, bool copyData, Ca
                 _size = size,
                 _uid = TarHelpers.ParseNumeric<int>(buffer.Slice(FieldLocations.Uid, FieldLengths.Uid)),
                 _gid = TarHelpers.ParseNumeric<int>(buffer.Slice(FieldLocations.Gid, FieldLengths.Gid)),
-                _linkName = TarHelpers.GetTrimmedUtf8String(buffer.Slice(FieldLocations.LinkName, FieldLengths.LinkName))
+                _linkName = TarHelpers.ParseUtf8String(buffer.Slice(FieldLocations.LinkName, FieldLengths.LinkName))
             };
 
             if (header._format == TarEntryFormat.Unknown)
@@ -517,8 +518,8 @@ private void ReadVersionAttribute(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer)
         private void ReadPosixAndGnuSharedAttributes(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer)
         {
             // Convert the byte arrays
-            _uName = TarHelpers.GetTrimmedUtf8String(buffer.Slice(FieldLocations.UName, FieldLengths.UName));
-            _gName = TarHelpers.GetTrimmedUtf8String(buffer.Slice(FieldLocations.GName, FieldLengths.GName));
+            _uName = TarHelpers.ParseUtf8String(buffer.Slice(FieldLocations.UName, FieldLengths.UName));
+            _gName = TarHelpers.ParseUtf8String(buffer.Slice(FieldLocations.GName, FieldLengths.GName));
 
             // DevMajor and DevMinor only have values with character devices and block devices.
             // For all other typeflags, the values in these fields are irrelevant.
@@ -560,7 +561,7 @@ private static DateTimeOffset ParseAsTimestamp(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer)
         // Throws if a conversion to an expected data type fails.
         private void ReadUstarAttributes(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer)
         {
-            _prefix = TarHelpers.GetTrimmedUtf8String(buffer.Slice(FieldLocations.Prefix, FieldLengths.Prefix));
+            _prefix = TarHelpers.ParseUtf8String(buffer.Slice(FieldLocations.Prefix, FieldLengths.Prefix));
 
             // In ustar, Prefix is used to store the *leading* path segments of
             // Name, if the full path did not fit in the Name byte array.
@@ -631,8 +632,6 @@ void ThrowSizeFieldTooLarge() =>
         // Returns a dictionary containing the extended attributes collected from the provided byte buffer.
         private void ReadExtendedAttributesFromBuffer(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer, string name)
         {
-            buffer = TarHelpers.TrimEndingNullsAndSpaces(buffer);
-
             while (TryGetNextExtendedAttribute(ref buffer, out string? key, out string? value))
             {
                 if (!ExtendedAttributes.TryAdd(key, value))
@@ -640,6 +639,11 @@ private void ReadExtendedAttributesFromBuffer(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer, string
                     throw new InvalidDataException(SR.Format(SR.TarDuplicateExtendedAttribute, name));
                 }
             }
+
+            if (buffer.Length > 0)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidDataException(SR.Format(SR.ExtHeaderInvalidRecords));
+            }
         }
 
         // Reads the long path found in the data section of a GNU entry of type 'K' or 'L'
@@ -691,7 +695,7 @@ private async ValueTask ReadGnuLongPathDataBlockAsync(Stream archiveStream, Canc
         // Collects the GNU long path info from the buffer and sets it in the right field depending on the type flag.
         private void ReadGnuLongPathDataFromBuffer(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer)
         {
-            string longPath = TarHelpers.GetTrimmedUtf8String(buffer);
+            string longPath = TarHelpers.ParseUtf8String(buffer);
 
             if (_typeFlag == TarEntryType.LongLink)
             {
@@ -725,15 +729,21 @@ private static bool TryGetNextExtendedAttribute(
             }
             ReadOnlySpan<byte> line = buffer.Slice(0, newlinePos);
 
-            // Update buffer to point to the next line for the next call
-            buffer = buffer.Slice(newlinePos + 1);
-
-            // Find the end of the length and remove everything up through it.
+            // Find the end of the length
             int spacePos = line.IndexOf((byte)' ');
             if (spacePos < 0)
             {
                 return false;
             }
+
+            // Check the length matches the line length
+            ReadOnlySpan<byte> length = buffer.Slice(0, spacePos);
+            if (!int.TryParse(length, NumberStyles.None, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out int lengthValue) || lengthValue != (line.Length + 1))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Remove the length
             line = line.Slice(spacePos + 1);
 
             // Find the equal separator.
@@ -749,6 +759,9 @@ private static bool TryGetNextExtendedAttribute(
             // Return the parsed key and value.
             key = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(keySlice);
             value = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(valueSlice);
+
+            // Update buffer to point to the next line for the next call
+            buffer = buffer.Slice(newlinePos + 1);
             return true;
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/TarHelpers.cs b/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/TarHelpers.cs
index a2e037e615e730..77cfc47de0bf70 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/TarHelpers.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/TarHelpers.cs
@@ -240,8 +240,10 @@ internal static T ParseNumeric<T>(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer) where T : struct, I
         /// <summary>Parses a byte span that represents an ASCII string containing a number in octal base.</summary>
         internal static T ParseOctal<T>(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer) where T : struct, INumber<T>
         {
-            buffer = TrimEndingNullsAndSpaces(buffer);
-            buffer = TrimLeadingNullsAndSpaces(buffer);
+            buffer = TrimNullTerminated(buffer);
+
+            // We ignore spaces because some archives seem to have them (even though they shouldn't).
+            buffer = buffer.Trim((byte)' ');
 
             if (buffer.Length == 0)
             {
@@ -268,44 +270,23 @@ internal static T ParseOctal<T>(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer) where T : struct, INu
         private static void ThrowInvalidNumber() =>
             throw new InvalidDataException(SR.Format(SR.TarInvalidNumber));
 
-        // Returns the string contained in the specified buffer of bytes,
-        // in the specified encoding, removing the trailing null or space chars.
-        private static string GetTrimmedString(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer, Encoding encoding)
+        // Returns the null-terminated UTF8 string contained in the specified buffer.
+        internal static string ParseUtf8String(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer)
         {
-            buffer = TrimEndingNullsAndSpaces(buffer);
-            return buffer.IsEmpty ? string.Empty : encoding.GetString(buffer);
-        }
-
-        internal static ReadOnlySpan<byte> TrimEndingNullsAndSpaces(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer)
-        {
-            int trimmedLength = buffer.Length;
-            while (trimmedLength > 0 && buffer[trimmedLength - 1] is 0 or 32)
-            {
-                trimmedLength--;
-            }
-
-            return buffer.Slice(0, trimmedLength);
+            buffer = TrimNullTerminated(buffer);
+            return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer);
         }
 
-        private static ReadOnlySpan<byte> TrimLeadingNullsAndSpaces(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer)
+        internal static ReadOnlySpan<byte> TrimNullTerminated(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer)
         {
-            int newStart = 0;
-            while (newStart < buffer.Length && buffer[newStart] is 0 or 32)
+            int i = buffer.IndexOf((byte)0);
+            if (i != -1)
             {
-                newStart++;
+                buffer = buffer[0..i];
             }
-
-            return buffer.Slice(newStart);
+            return buffer;
         }
 
-        // Returns the ASCII string contained in the specified buffer of bytes,
-        // removing the trailing null or space chars.
-        internal static string GetTrimmedAsciiString(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer) => GetTrimmedString(buffer, Encoding.ASCII);
-
-        // Returns the UTF8 string contained in the specified buffer of bytes,
-        // removing the trailing null or space chars.
-        internal static string GetTrimmedUtf8String(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer) => GetTrimmedString(buffer, Encoding.UTF8);
-
         // After the file contents, there may be zero or more null characters,
         // which exist to ensure the data is aligned to the record size. Skip them and
         // set the stream position to the first byte of the next entry.
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/TarReader.cs b/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/TarReader.cs
index fc2e4001a2a661..747cba3102fecc 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/TarReader.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/TarReader.cs
@@ -221,17 +221,8 @@ internal void AdvanceDataStreamIfNeeded()
                     return;
                 }
 
-                if (!dataStream.HasReachedEnd)
-                {
-                    // If the user did not advance the position, we need to make sure the position
-                    // pointer is located at the beginning of the next header.
-                    if (dataStream.Position < (_previouslyReadEntry._header._size - 1))
-                    {
-                        long bytesToSkip = _previouslyReadEntry._header._size - dataStream.Position;
-                        TarHelpers.AdvanceStream(_archiveStream, bytesToSkip);
-                        dataStream.HasReachedEnd = true; // Now the pointer is beyond the limit, so any read attempts should throw
-                    }
-                }
+                dataStream.AdvanceToEnd();
+
                 TarHelpers.SkipBlockAlignmentPadding(_archiveStream, _previouslyReadEntry._header._size);
             }
         }
@@ -263,17 +254,8 @@ internal async ValueTask AdvanceDataStreamIfNeededAsync(CancellationToken cancel
                     return;
                 }
 
-                if (!dataStream.HasReachedEnd)
-                {
-                    // If the user did not advance the position, we need to make sure the position
-                    // pointer is located at the beginning of the next header.
-                    if (dataStream.Position < (_previouslyReadEntry._header._size - 1))
-                    {
-                        long bytesToSkip = _previouslyReadEntry._header._size - dataStream.Position;
-                        await TarHelpers.AdvanceStreamAsync(_archiveStream, bytesToSkip, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
-                        dataStream.HasReachedEnd = true; // Now the pointer is beyond the limit, so any read attempts should throw
-                    }
-                }
+                await dataStream.AdvanceToEndAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
                 await TarHelpers.SkipBlockAlignmentPaddingAsync(_archiveStream, _previouslyReadEntry._header._size, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/tests/TarReader/TarReader.File.Async.Tests.cs b/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/tests/TarReader/TarReader.File.Async.Tests.cs
index e603e6e9aa4691..9692dcca89756a 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/tests/TarReader/TarReader.File.Async.Tests.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/tests/TarReader/TarReader.File.Async.Tests.cs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 using System.IO;
 using System.IO.Compression;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Xunit;
 
@@ -261,7 +262,8 @@ public async Task AllowSpacesInOctalFieldsAsync(string folderName, string testCa
         [InlineData("gnu-multi-hdrs")] // Multiple consecutive GNU metadata entries
         [InlineData("neg-size")] // Garbage chars
         [InlineData("invalid-go17")] // Many octal fields are all zero chars
-        [InlineData("issue11169")] // Checksum with null in the middle
+        [InlineData("issue11169")] // Extended header uses spaces instead of newlines to separate records
+        [InlineData("pax-bad-hdr-file")] // Extended header record is not terminated by newline
         [InlineData("issue10968")] // Garbage chars
         public async Task Throw_ArchivesWithRandomCharsAsync(string testCaseName)
         {
@@ -308,6 +310,32 @@ public async Task SparseEntryNotSupportedAsync(string testFolderName, string tes
             await Assert.ThrowsAsync<NotSupportedException>(async () => await reader.GetNextEntryAsync());
         }
 
+        [Fact]
+        public async Task ReaderIgnoresFieldValueAfterTrailingNullAsync()
+        {
+            // Fields in the tar archives are terminated by a trailing null.
+            // When reading these fields the reader must ignore all bytes past that null.
+
+            // Construct an archive that has a filename with some data after the trailing null.
+            const string FileName = "  filename  ";
+            const string FileNameWithDataPastTrailingNull = $"{FileName}\0nonesense";
+            using MemoryStream ms = new();
+            using (TarWriter writer = new(ms, leaveOpen: true))
+            {
+                var entry = new UstarTarEntry(TarEntryType.RegularFile, FileNameWithDataPastTrailingNull);
+                writer.WriteEntry(entry);
+            }
+            ms.Position = 0;
+            // Check the writer serialized the complete name passed to the constructor.
+            bool archiveIsExpected = ms.ToArray().IndexOf(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(FileNameWithDataPastTrailingNull)) != -1;
+            Assert.True(archiveIsExpected);
+
+            // Verify the reader doesn't return the data past the trailing null.
+            using TarReader reader = new(ms);
+            TarEntry firstEntry = await reader.GetNextEntryAsync();
+            Assert.Equal(FileName, firstEntry.Name);
+        }
+
         [Fact]
         public async Task DirectoryListRegularFileAndSparseAsync()
         {
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/tests/TarReader/TarReader.File.Tests.cs b/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/tests/TarReader/TarReader.File.Tests.cs
index 955f29c841849f..0d8557d62a22b2 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/tests/TarReader/TarReader.File.Tests.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/tests/TarReader/TarReader.File.Tests.cs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 using System.IO;
 using System.IO.Compression;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
 using Xunit;
 using static System.Formats.Tar.Tests.TarTestsBase;
 
@@ -269,7 +270,8 @@ public void AllowSpacesInOctalFields(string folderName, string testCaseName)
         [InlineData("gnu-multi-hdrs")] // Multiple consecutive GNU metadata entries
         [InlineData("neg-size")] // Garbage chars
         [InlineData("invalid-go17")] // Many octal fields are all zero chars
-        [InlineData("issue11169")] // Checksum with null in the middle
+        [InlineData("issue11169")] // Extended header uses spaces instead of newlines to separate records
+        [InlineData("pax-bad-hdr-file")] // Extended header record is not terminated by newline
         [InlineData("issue10968")] // Garbage chars
         public void Throw_ArchivesWithRandomChars(string testCaseName)
         {
@@ -316,6 +318,32 @@ public void SparseEntryNotSupported(string testFolderName, string testCaseName)
             Assert.Throws<NotSupportedException>(() => reader.GetNextEntry());
         }
 
+        [Fact]
+        public void ReaderIgnoresFieldValueAfterTrailingNull()
+        {
+            // Fields in the tar archives are terminated by a trailing null.
+            // When reading these fields the reader must ignore all bytes past that null.
+
+            // Construct an archive that has a filename with some data after the trailing null.
+            const string FileName = "  filename  ";
+            const string FileNameWithDataPastTrailingNull = $"{FileName}\0nonesense";
+            using MemoryStream ms = new();
+            using (TarWriter writer = new(ms, leaveOpen: true))
+            {
+                var entry = new UstarTarEntry(TarEntryType.RegularFile, FileNameWithDataPastTrailingNull);
+                writer.WriteEntry(entry);
+            }
+            ms.Position = 0;
+            // Check the writer serialized the complete name passed to the constructor.
+            bool archiveIsExpected = ms.ToArray().IndexOf(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(FileNameWithDataPastTrailingNull)) != -1;
+            Assert.True(archiveIsExpected);
+
+            // Verify the reader doesn't return the data past the trailing null.
+            using TarReader reader = new(ms);
+            TarEntry firstEntry = reader.GetNextEntry();
+            Assert.Equal(FileName, firstEntry.Name);
+        }
+
         [Fact]
         public void DirectoryListRegularFileAndSparse()
         {
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/tests/TarTestsBase.cs b/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/tests/TarTestsBase.cs
index b68493996a095d..16352979db2217 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/tests/TarTestsBase.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/tests/TarTestsBase.cs
@@ -137,7 +137,6 @@ public abstract partial class TarTestsBase : FileCleanupTestBase
             "gnu",
             "hardlink",
             "nil-uid",
-            "pax-bad-hdr-file",
             "pax-bad-mtime-file",
             "pax-global-records",
             "pax-nul-path",