[3.12] pythongh-112919: Speed-up datetime, date and time.replace() (pythonGH-112921)

Use argument clinic and call new_* functions directly. This speeds up
these functions 6x to 7.5x when calling with keyword arguments.
(cherry picked from commit 1f515e8)

Co-authored-by: Eugene Toder <[email protected]>

Author: eltoder