[Fizz] Track Current debugTask and run it for onError Callbacks (#30182)

Stacked on #30174.

This tracks the current debugTask on the Task so that when an error is
thrown we can use it to run the `onError` (and `onShellError` and
`onFatalError`) callbacks within the Context of that task. Ideally it
would be associated with the error object but neither console.error [nor
reportError](https://crbug.com/350426235) reports this as the async
stack so we have to manually restore it.

That way when you inspect Fizz using node `--inspect` we show the right
async stack.

<img width="616" alt="Screenshot 2024-07-01 at 10 52 29 PM"
src="https://github.com/facebook/react/assets/63648/db68133e-124e-4509-8241-c67160db94fc">

This is equivalent to how we track the task that created the parent
server component or the Fiber:


https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/6d2a97a7113dfac2ad45067001b7e49a98718324/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactChildFiber.js#L1985

Then use them when invoking the error callbacks:


https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/6d2a97a7113dfac2ad45067001b7e49a98718324/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberThrow.js#L104-L108

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Co-authored-by: Sebastian Silbermann <[email protected]>

Author: sebmarkbage