cmd/compile/internal/noder: shape-based stenciling for unified IR

This CL switches unified IR to use shape-based stenciling with runtime
dictionaries, like the existing non-unified frontend. Specifically,
when instantiating generic functions and types `X[T]`, we now also
instantiated shaped variants `X[shapify(T)]` that can be shared by
`T`'s with common underlying types.

For example, for generic function `F`, `F[int](args...)` will be
rewritten to `F[go.shape.int](&.dict.F[int], args...)`.

For generic type `T` with method `M` and value `t` of type `T[int]`,
`t.M(args...)` will be rewritten to `T[go.shape.int].M(t,
&.dict.T[int], args...)`.

Two notable distinctions from the non-unified frontend:

1. For simplicity, currently shaping is limited to simply converting
type arguments to their underlying type. Subsequent CLs will implement
more aggressive shaping.

2. For generic types, a single dictionary is generated to be shared by
all methods, rather than separate dictionaries for each method. I
originally went with this design because I have an idea of changing
interface calls to pass the itab pointer via the closure
register (which should have zero overhead), and then the interface
wrappers for generic methods could use the *runtime.itab to find the
runtime dictionary that corresponds to the dynamic type. This would
allow emitting fewer method wrappers.

However, this choice does have the consequence that currently even if
a method is unused and its code is pruned by the linker, it may have
produced runtime dictionary entries that need to be kept alive anyway.

I'm open to changing this to generate per-method dictionaries, though
this would require changing the unified IR export data format; so it
would be best to make this decision before Go 1.20.

The other option is making the linker smarter about pruning unneeded
dictionary entries, like how it already prunes itab entries. For
example, the runtime dictionary for `T[int]` could have a `R_DICTTYPE`
meta-relocation against symbol `.dicttype.T[go.shape.int]` that
declares it's a dictionary associated with that type; and then each
method on `T[go.shape.T]` could have `R_DICTUSE` meta-relocations
against `.dicttype.T[go.shape.T]+offset` indicating which fields
within dictionaries of that type need to be preserved.

Change-Id: I369580b1d93d19640a4b5ecada4f6231adcce3fd
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/421821
Reviewed-by: David Chase <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <[email protected]>
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Cuong Manh Le <[email protected]>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <[email protected]>

Author: mdempsky

src/cmd/compile/internal/devirtualize/devirtualize.go

@@ -41,6 +41,41 @@ func Call(call *ir.CallExpr) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	if base.Debug.Unified != 0 {
+		// N.B., stencil.go converts shape-typed values to interface type
+		// using OEFACE instead of OCONVIFACE, so devirtualization fails
+		// above instead. That's why this code is specific to unified IR.
+
+		// If typ is a shape type, then it was a type argument originally
+		// and we'd need an indirect call through the dictionary anyway.
+		// We're unable to devirtualize this call.
+		if typ.IsShape() {
+			return
+		}
+
+		// If typ *has* a shape type, then it's an shaped, instantiated
+		// type like T[go.shape.int], and its methods (may) have an extra
+		// dictionary parameter. We could devirtualize this call if we
+		// could derive an appropriate dictionary argument.
+		//
+		// TODO(mdempsky): If typ has has a promoted non-generic method,
+		// then that method won't require a dictionary argument. We could
+		// still devirtualize those calls.
+		//
+		// TODO(mdempsky): We have the *runtime.itab in recv.TypeWord. It
+		// should be possible to compute the represented type's runtime
+		// dictionary from this (e.g., by adding a pointer from T[int]'s
+		// *runtime._type to .dict.T[int]; or by recognizing static
+		// references to go:itab.T[int],iface and constructing a direct
+		// reference to .dict.T[int]).
+		if typ.HasShape() {
+			if base.Flag.LowerM != 0 {
+				base.WarnfAt(call.Pos(), "cannot devirtualize %v: shaped receiver %v", call, typ)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
 	dt := ir.NewTypeAssertExpr(sel.Pos(), sel.X, nil)
 	dt.SetType(typ)
 	x := typecheck.Callee(ir.NewSelectorExpr(sel.Pos(), ir.OXDOT, dt, sel.Sel))