[clang] adds unary type transformations as compiler built-ins

Adds

* `__add_lvalue_reference`
* `__add_pointer`
* `__add_rvalue_reference`
* `__decay`
* `__make_signed`
* `__make_unsigned`
* `__remove_all_extents`
* `__remove_extent`
* `__remove_const`
* `__remove_volatile`
* `__remove_cv`
* `__remove_pointer`
* `__remove_reference`
* `__remove_cvref`

These are all compiler built-in equivalents of the unary type traits
found in [[meta.trans]][1]. The compiler already has all of the
information it needs to answer these transformations, so we can skip
needing to make partial specialisations in standard library
implementations (we already do this for a lot of the query traits). This
will hopefully improve compile times, as we won't need use as much
memory in such a base part of the standard library.

[1]: http://wg21.link/meta.trans

Co-authored-by: zoecarver

Reviewed By: aaron.ballman, rsmith

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D116203

Author: cjdb

clang/include/clang/AST/Type.h

@@ -797,6 +797,9 @@ class QualType {
     return Value.getPointer().isNull();
   }
 
+  // Determines if a type can form `T&`.
+  bool isReferenceable() const;
+
   /// Determine whether this particular QualType instance has the
   /// "const" qualifier set, without looking through typedefs that may have
   /// added "const" at a different level.
@@ -4637,7 +4640,8 @@ class DependentDecltypeType : public DecltypeType, public llvm::FoldingSetNode {
 class UnaryTransformType : public Type {
 public:
   enum UTTKind {
-    EnumUnderlyingType
+#define TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(Enum, _) Enum,
+#include "clang/Basic/TransformTypeTraits.def"
   };
 
 private:
@@ -6584,6 +6588,19 @@ inline const Type *QualType::getTypePtrOrNull() const {
   return (isNull() ? nullptr : getCommonPtr()->BaseType);
 }
 
+inline bool QualType::isReferenceable() const {
+  // C++ [defns.referenceable]
+  //   type that is either an object type, a function type that does not have
+  //   cv-qualifiers or a ref-qualifier, or a reference type.
+  const Type &Self = **this;
+  if (Self.isObjectType() || Self.isReferenceType())
+    return true;
+  if (const auto *F = Self.getAs<FunctionProtoType>())
+    return F->getMethodQuals().empty() && F->getRefQualifier() == RQ_None;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
 inline SplitQualType QualType::split() const {
   if (!hasLocalNonFastQualifiers())
     return SplitQualType(getTypePtrUnsafe(),

clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td

@@ -8674,6 +8674,10 @@ def err_typecheck_expect_flt_or_vector : Error<
   "a vector of such types is required">;
 def err_cast_selector_expr : Error<
   "cannot type cast @selector expression">;
+def err_make_signed_integral_only : Error<
+  "'%select{make_unsigned|make_signed}0' is only compatible with "
+  "non-%select{bool|_BitInt(1)}1 integers and enum types, but was given "
+  "%2%select{| whose underlying type is %4}3">;
 def ext_typecheck_cond_incompatible_pointers : ExtWarn<
   "pointer type mismatch%diff{ ($ and $)|}0,1">,
   InGroup<DiagGroup<"pointer-type-mismatch">>;

clang/include/clang/Basic/Specifiers.h

@@ -53,41 +53,42 @@ namespace clang {
     TST_unspecified,
     TST_void,
     TST_char,
-    TST_wchar,        // C++ wchar_t
-    TST_char8,        // C++20 char8_t (proposed)
-    TST_char16,       // C++11 char16_t
-    TST_char32,       // C++11 char32_t
+    TST_wchar,  // C++ wchar_t
+    TST_char8,  // C++20 char8_t (proposed)
+    TST_char16, // C++11 char16_t
+    TST_char32, // C++11 char32_t
     TST_int,
     TST_int128,
-    TST_bitint,       // Bit-precise integer types.
-    TST_half,         // OpenCL half, ARM NEON __fp16
-    TST_Float16,      // C11 extension ISO/IEC TS 18661-3
-    TST_Accum,        // ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG14 N1169 Extension
+    TST_bitint,  // Bit-precise integer types.
+    TST_half,    // OpenCL half, ARM NEON __fp16
+    TST_Float16, // C11 extension ISO/IEC TS 18661-3
+    TST_Accum,   // ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG14 N1169 Extension
     TST_Fract,
     TST_BFloat16,
     TST_float,
     TST_double,
     TST_float128,
     TST_ibm128,
-    TST_bool,         // _Bool
-    TST_decimal32,    // _Decimal32
-    TST_decimal64,    // _Decimal64
-    TST_decimal128,   // _Decimal128
+    TST_bool,       // _Bool
+    TST_decimal32,  // _Decimal32
+    TST_decimal64,  // _Decimal64
+    TST_decimal128, // _Decimal128
     TST_enum,
     TST_union,
     TST_struct,
-    TST_class,        // C++ class type
-    TST_interface,    // C++ (Microsoft-specific) __interface type
-    TST_typename,     // Typedef, C++ class-name or enum name, etc.
+    TST_class,     // C++ class type
+    TST_interface, // C++ (Microsoft-specific) __interface type
+    TST_typename,  // Typedef, C++ class-name or enum name, etc.
     TST_typeofType,
     TST_typeofExpr,
-    TST_decltype,         // C++11 decltype
-    TST_underlyingType,   // __underlying_type for C++11
-    TST_auto,             // C++11 auto
-    TST_decltype_auto,    // C++1y decltype(auto)
-    TST_auto_type,        // __auto_type extension
-    TST_unknown_anytype,  // __unknown_anytype extension
-    TST_atomic,           // C11 _Atomic
+    TST_decltype, // C++11 decltype
+#define TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(_, Trait) TST_##Trait,
+#include "clang/Basic/TransformTypeTraits.def"
+    TST_auto,            // C++11 auto
+    TST_decltype_auto,   // C++1y decltype(auto)
+    TST_auto_type,       // __auto_type extension
+    TST_unknown_anytype, // __unknown_anytype extension
+    TST_atomic,          // C11 _Atomic
 #define GENERIC_IMAGE_TYPE(ImgType, Id) TST_##ImgType##_t, // OpenCL image types
 #include "clang/Basic/OpenCLImageTypes.def"
     TST_error // erroneous type
@@ -96,8 +97,8 @@ namespace clang {
   /// Structure that packs information about the type specifiers that
   /// were written in a particular type specifier sequence.
   struct WrittenBuiltinSpecs {
-    static_assert(TST_error < 1 << 6, "Type bitfield not wide enough for TST");
-    /*DeclSpec::TST*/ unsigned Type  : 6;
+    static_assert(TST_error < 1 << 7, "Type bitfield not wide enough for TST");
+    /*DeclSpec::TST*/ unsigned Type : 7;
     /*DeclSpec::TSS*/ unsigned Sign  : 2;
     /*TypeSpecifierWidth*/ unsigned Width : 2;
     unsigned ModeAttr : 1;

clang/include/clang/Basic/TokenKinds.def

@@ -501,7 +501,9 @@ TYPE_TRAIT_1(__is_trivially_copyable, IsTriviallyCopyable, KEYCXX)
 TYPE_TRAIT_1(__is_union, IsUnion, KEYCXX)
 TYPE_TRAIT_1(__has_unique_object_representations,
              HasUniqueObjectRepresentations, KEYCXX)
-KEYWORD(__underlying_type           , KEYCXX)
+
+#define TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(_, Trait) KEYWORD(__##Trait, KEYCXX)
+#include "clang/Basic/TransformTypeTraits.def"
 
 // Clang-only C++ Type Traits
 TYPE_TRAIT_1(__is_trivially_relocatable, IsTriviallyRelocatable, KEYCXX)

clang/include/clang/Basic/TransformTypeTraits.def

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//==--- TransformTypeTraits.def - type trait transformations --------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// This file defines transform type traits' names.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(AddLvalueReference, add_lvalue_reference)
+TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(AddPointer, add_pointer)
+TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(AddRvalueReference, add_rvalue_reference)
+TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(Decay, decay)
+TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(MakeSigned, make_signed)
+TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(MakeUnsigned, make_unsigned)
+TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(RemoveAllExtents, remove_all_extents)
+TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(RemoveConst, remove_const)
+TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(RemoveCV, remove_cv)
+TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(RemoveCVRef, remove_cvref)
+TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(RemoveExtent, remove_extent)
+TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(RemovePointer, remove_pointer)
+TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(RemoveReference, remove_reference)
+TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(RemoveRestrict, remove_restrict)
+TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(RemoveVolatile, remove_volatile)
+TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(EnumUnderlyingType, underlying_type)
+#undef TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF

clang/include/clang/Parse/Parser.h

@@ -2906,7 +2906,6 @@ class Parser : public CodeCompletionHandler {
   void AnnotateExistingDecltypeSpecifier(const DeclSpec &DS,
                                          SourceLocation StartLoc,
                                          SourceLocation EndLoc);
-  void ParseUnderlyingTypeSpecifier(DeclSpec &DS);
   void ParseAtomicSpecifier(DeclSpec &DS);
 
   ExprResult ParseAlignArgument(SourceLocation Start,
@@ -3004,6 +3003,8 @@ class Parser : public CodeCompletionHandler {
          SourceLocation &EllipsisLoc);
   void ParseBracketDeclarator(Declarator &D);
   void ParseMisplacedBracketDeclarator(Declarator &D);
+  bool MaybeParseTypeTransformTypeSpecifier(DeclSpec &DS);
+  DeclSpec::TST TypeTransformTokToDeclSpec();
 
   //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
   // C++ 7: Declarations [dcl.dcl]

clang/include/clang/Sema/DeclSpec.h

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include "clang/Lex/Token.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/Ownership.h"
 #include "clang/Sema/ParsedAttr.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
@@ -290,7 +291,9 @@ class DeclSpec {
   static const TST TST_typeofExpr = clang::TST_typeofExpr;
   static const TST TST_decltype = clang::TST_decltype;
   static const TST TST_decltype_auto = clang::TST_decltype_auto;
-  static const TST TST_underlyingType = clang::TST_underlyingType;
+#define TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(_, Trait)                                     \
+  static const TST TST_##Trait = clang::TST_##Trait;
+#include "clang/Basic/TransformTypeTraits.def"
   static const TST TST_auto = clang::TST_auto;
   static const TST TST_auto_type = clang::TST_auto_type;
   static const TST TST_unknown_anytype = clang::TST_unknown_anytype;
@@ -333,7 +336,7 @@ class DeclSpec {
   /*TypeSpecifierWidth*/ unsigned TypeSpecWidth : 2;
   /*TSC*/unsigned TypeSpecComplex : 2;
   /*TSS*/unsigned TypeSpecSign : 2;
-  /*TST*/unsigned TypeSpecType : 6;
+  /*TST*/unsigned TypeSpecType : 7;
   unsigned TypeAltiVecVector : 1;
   unsigned TypeAltiVecPixel : 1;
   unsigned TypeAltiVecBool : 1;
@@ -400,8 +403,8 @@ class DeclSpec {
   ObjCDeclSpec *ObjCQualifiers;
 
   static bool isTypeRep(TST T) {
-    return (T == TST_typename || T == TST_typeofType ||
-            T == TST_underlyingType || T == TST_atomic);
+    return T == TST_atomic || T == TST_typename || T == TST_typeofType ||
+           isTransformTypeTrait(T);
   }
   static bool isExprRep(TST T) {
     return (T == TST_typeofExpr || T == TST_decltype || T == TST_bitint);
@@ -418,6 +421,14 @@ class DeclSpec {
             T == TST_interface || T == TST_union ||
             T == TST_class);
   }
+  static bool isTransformTypeTrait(TST T) {
+    constexpr std::array<TST, 16> Traits = {
+#define TRANSFORM_TYPE_TRAIT_DEF(_, Trait) TST_##Trait,
+#include "clang/Basic/TransformTypeTraits.def"
+    };
+
+    return T >= Traits.front() && T <= Traits.back();
+  }
 
   DeclSpec(AttributeFactory &attrFactory)
       : StorageClassSpec(SCS_unspecified),
@@ -522,7 +533,7 @@ class DeclSpec {
   }
 
   SourceRange getTypeofParensRange() const { return TypeofParensRange; }
-  void setTypeofParensRange(SourceRange range) { TypeofParensRange = range; }
+  void setTypeArgumentRange(SourceRange range) { TypeofParensRange = range; }
 
   bool hasAutoTypeSpec() const {
     return (TypeSpecType == TST_auto || TypeSpecType == TST_auto_type ||

clang/include/clang/Sema/Sema.h

@@ -2511,8 +2511,23 @@ class Sema final {
   /// If AsUnevaluated is false, E is treated as though it were an evaluated
   /// context, such as when building a type for decltype(auto).
   QualType BuildDecltypeType(Expr *E, bool AsUnevaluated = true);
-  QualType BuildUnaryTransformType(QualType BaseType,
-                                   UnaryTransformType::UTTKind UKind,
+
+  using UTTKind = UnaryTransformType::UTTKind;
+  QualType BuildUnaryTransformType(QualType BaseType, UTTKind UKind,
+                                   SourceLocation Loc);
+  QualType BuiltinEnumUnderlyingType(QualType BaseType, SourceLocation Loc);
+  QualType BuiltinAddPointer(QualType BaseType, SourceLocation Loc);
+  QualType BuiltinRemovePointer(QualType BaseType, SourceLocation Loc);
+  QualType BuiltinDecay(QualType BaseType, SourceLocation Loc);
+  QualType BuiltinAddReference(QualType BaseType, UTTKind UKind,
+                               SourceLocation Loc);
+  QualType BuiltinRemoveExtent(QualType BaseType, UTTKind UKind,
+                               SourceLocation Loc);
+  QualType BuiltinRemoveReference(QualType BaseType, UTTKind UKind,
+                                  SourceLocation Loc);
+  QualType BuiltinChangeCVRQualifiers(QualType BaseType, UTTKind UKind,
+                                      SourceLocation Loc);
+  QualType BuiltinChangeSignedness(QualType BaseType, UTTKind UKind,
                                    SourceLocation Loc);
 
   //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//

clang/include/clang/module.modulemap

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ module Clang_Basic {
   textual header "Basic/RISCVVTypes.def"
   textual header "Basic/Sanitizers.def"
   textual header "Basic/TargetCXXABI.def"
+  textual header "Basic/TransformTypeTraits.def"
 
   module * { export * }
 }

clang/lib/AST/ASTContext.cpp

@@ -10781,7 +10781,8 @@ unsigned ASTContext::getIntWidth(QualType T) const {
 }
 
 QualType ASTContext::getCorrespondingUnsignedType(QualType T) const {
-  assert((T->hasSignedIntegerRepresentation() || T->isSignedFixedPointType()) &&
+  assert((T->hasIntegerRepresentation() || T->isEnumeralType() ||
+          T->isFixedPointType()) &&
          "Unexpected type");
 
   // Turn <4 x signed int> -> <4 x unsigned int>
@@ -10799,8 +10800,11 @@ QualType ASTContext::getCorrespondingUnsignedType(QualType T) const {
     T = ETy->getDecl()->getIntegerType();
 
   switch (T->castAs<BuiltinType>()->getKind()) {
+  case BuiltinType::Char_U:
+    // Plain `char` is mapped to `unsigned char` even if it's already unsigned
   case BuiltinType::Char_S:
   case BuiltinType::SChar:
+  case BuiltinType::Char8:
     return UnsignedCharTy;
   case BuiltinType::Short:
     return UnsignedShortTy;
@@ -10814,7 +10818,7 @@ QualType ASTContext::getCorrespondingUnsignedType(QualType T) const {
     return UnsignedInt128Ty;
   // wchar_t is special. It is either signed or not, but when it's signed,
   // there's no matching "unsigned wchar_t". Therefore we return the unsigned
-  // version of it's underlying type instead.
+  // version of its underlying type instead.
   case BuiltinType::WChar_S:
     return getUnsignedWCharType();
 
@@ -10843,13 +10847,16 @@ QualType ASTContext::getCorrespondingUnsignedType(QualType T) const {
   case BuiltinType::SatLongFract:
     return SatUnsignedLongFractTy;
   default:
-    llvm_unreachable("Unexpected signed integer or fixed point type");
+    assert((T->hasUnsignedIntegerRepresentation() ||
+            T->isUnsignedFixedPointType()) &&
+           "Unexpected signed integer or fixed point type");
+    return T;
   }
 }
 
 QualType ASTContext::getCorrespondingSignedType(QualType T) const {
-  assert((T->hasUnsignedIntegerRepresentation() ||
-          T->isUnsignedFixedPointType()) &&
+  assert((T->hasIntegerRepresentation() || T->isEnumeralType() ||
+          T->isFixedPointType()) &&
          "Unexpected type");
 
   // Turn <4 x unsigned int> -> <4 x signed int>
@@ -10867,8 +10874,11 @@ QualType ASTContext::getCorrespondingSignedType(QualType T) const {
     T = ETy->getDecl()->getIntegerType();
 
   switch (T->castAs<BuiltinType>()->getKind()) {
+  case BuiltinType::Char_S:
+    // Plain `char` is mapped to `signed char` even if it's already signed
   case BuiltinType::Char_U:
   case BuiltinType::UChar:
+  case BuiltinType::Char8:
     return SignedCharTy;
   case BuiltinType::UShort:
     return ShortTy;
@@ -10882,7 +10892,7 @@ QualType ASTContext::getCorrespondingSignedType(QualType T) const {
     return Int128Ty;
   // wchar_t is special. It is either unsigned or not, but when it's unsigned,
   // there's no matching "signed wchar_t". Therefore we return the signed
-  // version of it's underlying type instead.
+  // version of its underlying type instead.
   case BuiltinType::WChar_U:
     return getSignedWCharType();
 
@@ -10911,7 +10921,10 @@ QualType ASTContext::getCorrespondingSignedType(QualType T) const {
   case BuiltinType::SatULongFract:
     return SatLongFractTy;
   default:
-    llvm_unreachable("Unexpected unsigned integer or fixed point type");
+    assert(
+        (T->hasSignedIntegerRepresentation() || T->isSignedFixedPointType()) &&
+        "Unexpected signed integer or fixed point type");
+    return T;
   }
 }