diff --git a/src/compiler/transformers/ts.ts b/src/compiler/transformers/ts.ts
index bdd0f5efcc74d..d413a835d0d86 100644
--- a/src/compiler/transformers/ts.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/transformers/ts.ts
@@ -2452,7 +2452,12 @@ namespace ts {
          *
          * @param node The module declaration node.
          */
-        function shouldEmitModuleDeclaration(node: ModuleDeclaration) {
+        function shouldEmitModuleDeclaration(nodeIn: ModuleDeclaration) {
+            const node = getParseTreeNode(nodeIn, isModuleDeclaration);
+            if (!node) {
+                // If we can't find a parse tree node, assume the node is instantiated.
+                return true;
+            }
             return isInstantiatedModule(node, !!compilerOptions.preserveConstEnums || !!compilerOptions.isolatedModules);
         }
 
diff --git a/src/testRunner/unittests/transform.ts b/src/testRunner/unittests/transform.ts
index ffd5ba7609f27..bcb0c93d1a8c6 100644
--- a/src/testRunner/unittests/transform.ts
+++ b/src/testRunner/unittests/transform.ts
@@ -447,6 +447,35 @@ namespace Foo {
             }).outputText;
         });
 
+        testBaseline("transformUpdateModuleMember", () => {
+            return transpileModule(`
+module MyModule {
+    const myVariable = 1;
+    function foo(param: string) {}
+}
+`, {
+                transformers: {
+                    before: [renameVariable],
+                },
+                compilerOptions: {
+                    target: ScriptTarget.ES2015,
+                    newLine: NewLineKind.CarriageReturnLineFeed,
+                }
+            }).outputText;
+
+            function renameVariable(context: TransformationContext) {
+                    return (sourceFile: SourceFile): SourceFile => {
+                        return visitNode(sourceFile, rootTransform, isSourceFile);
+                    };
+                    function rootTransform<T extends Node>(node: T): Node {
+                        if (isVariableDeclaration(node)) {
+                            return updateVariableDeclaration(node, createIdentifier("newName"), /* type */ undefined, node.initializer);
+                        }
+                        return visitEachChild(node, rootTransform, context);
+                    }
+            }
+        });
+
         // https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/24709
         testBaseline("issue24709", () => {
             const fs = vfs.createFromFileSystem(Harness.IO, /*caseSensitive*/ true);
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/transformApi/transformsCorrectly.transformUpdateModuleMember.js b/tests/baselines/reference/transformApi/transformsCorrectly.transformUpdateModuleMember.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4dad11f737cec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/transformApi/transformsCorrectly.transformUpdateModuleMember.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+var MyModule;
+(function (MyModule) {
+    const newName = 1;
+    function foo(param) { }
+})(MyModule || (MyModule = {}));