diff --git a/source/collection-management/tests/modifyCollection-errorResponse.json b/source/collection-management/tests/modifyCollection-errorResponse.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aea71eb08f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/collection-management/tests/modifyCollection-errorResponse.json
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+{
+  "description": "modifyCollection-errorResponse",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0",
+        "observeEvents": [
+          "commandStartedEvent"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "database": {
+        "id": "database0",
+        "client": "client0",
+        "databaseName": "collMod-tests"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "collection": {
+        "id": "collection0",
+        "database": "database0",
+        "collectionName": "test"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "initialData": [
+    {
+      "collectionName": "test",
+      "databaseName": "collMod-tests",
+      "documents": [
+        {
+          "_id": 1,
+          "x": 1
+        },
+        {
+          "_id": 2,
+          "x": 1
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "modifyCollection prepareUnique violations are accessible",
+      "runOnRequirements": [
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "5.2"
+        }
+      ],
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "createIndex",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "keys": {
+              "x": 1
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "modifyCollection",
+          "object": "database0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "collection": "test",
+            "index": {
+              "keyPattern": {
+                "x": 1
+              },
+              "prepareUnique": true
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "insertOne",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "document": {
+              "_id": 3,
+              "x": 1
+            }
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorCode": 11000
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "modifyCollection",
+          "object": "database0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "collection": "test",
+            "index": {
+              "keyPattern": {
+                "x": 1
+              },
+              "unique": true
+            }
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "isClientError": false,
+            "errorCode": 359,
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "violations": [
+                {
+                  "ids": [
+                    1,
+                    2
+                  ]
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/source/collection-management/tests/modifyCollection-errorResponse.yml b/source/collection-management/tests/modifyCollection-errorResponse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e61a01211c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/collection-management/tests/modifyCollection-errorResponse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+description: "modifyCollection-errorResponse"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 client0
+      observeEvents: [ commandStartedEvent ]
+  - database:
+      id: &database0 database0
+      client: *client0
+      databaseName: &database0Name collMod-tests
+  - collection:
+      id: &collection0 collection0
+      database: *database0
+      collectionName: &collection0Name test
+
+initialData: &initialData
+  - collectionName: *collection0Name
+    databaseName: *database0Name
+    documents:
+      - { _id: 1, x: 1 }
+      - { _id: 2, x: 1 }
+
+tests:
+  - description: "modifyCollection prepareUnique violations are accessible"
+    runOnRequirements:
+      - minServerVersion: "5.2" # SERVER-61158
+    operations:
+      - name: createIndex
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          keys: { x: 1 }
+      - name: modifyCollection
+        object: *database0
+        arguments:
+          collection: *collection0Name
+          index:
+            keyPattern: { x: 1 }
+            prepareUnique: true
+      - name: insertOne
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          document: { _id: 3, x: 1 }
+        expectError:
+          errorCode: 11000 # DuplicateKey
+      - name: modifyCollection
+        object: *database0
+        arguments:
+          collection: *collection0Name
+          index:
+            keyPattern: { x: 1 }
+            unique: true
+        expectError:
+          isClientError: false
+          errorCode: 359 # CannotConvertIndexToUnique
+          errorResponse:
+            violations:
+               - { ids: [ 1, 2 ] }
diff --git a/source/crud/tests/unified/aggregate-merge-errorResponse.json b/source/crud/tests/unified/aggregate-merge-errorResponse.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bfb232480d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/crud/tests/unified/aggregate-merge-errorResponse.json
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+{
+  "description": "aggregate-merge-errorResponse",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "database": {
+        "id": "database0",
+        "client": "client0",
+        "databaseName": "crud-tests"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "collection": {
+        "id": "collection0",
+        "database": "database0",
+        "collectionName": "test"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "initialData": [
+    {
+      "collectionName": "test",
+      "databaseName": "crud-tests",
+      "documents": [
+        {
+          "_id": 1,
+          "x": 1
+        },
+        {
+          "_id": 2,
+          "x": 1
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "aggregate $merge DuplicateKey error is accessible",
+      "runOnRequirements": [
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "5.1"
+        }
+      ],
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "aggregate",
+          "object": "database0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "pipeline": [
+              {
+                "$documents": [
+                  {
+                    "_id": 2,
+                    "x": 1
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              {
+                "$merge": {
+                  "into": "test",
+                  "whenMatched": "fail"
+                }
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorCode": 11000,
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "keyPattern": {
+                "_id": 1
+              },
+              "keyValue": {
+                "_id": 2
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/source/crud/tests/unified/aggregate-merge-errorResponse.yml b/source/crud/tests/unified/aggregate-merge-errorResponse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9f611dcf3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/crud/tests/unified/aggregate-merge-errorResponse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+description: "aggregate-merge-errorResponse"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 client0
+  - database:
+      id: &database0 database0
+      client: *client0
+      databaseName: &database0Name crud-tests
+  - collection:
+      id: &collection0 collection0
+      database: *database0
+      collectionName: &collection0Name test
+
+initialData: &initialData
+  - collectionName: *collection0Name
+    databaseName: *database0Name
+    documents:
+      - { _id: 1, x: 1 }
+      - { _id: 2, x: 1 }
+
+tests:
+  - description: "aggregate $merge DuplicateKey error is accessible"
+    runOnRequirements:
+      - minServerVersion: "5.1" # SERVER-59097
+    operations:
+      - name: aggregate
+        object: *database0
+        arguments:
+          pipeline:
+            - { $documents: [ { _id: 2, x: 1 } ] }
+            - { $merge: { into: *collection0Name, whenMatched: "fail" } }
+        expectError:
+          errorCode: 11000 # DuplicateKey
+          errorResponse:
+            keyPattern: { _id: 1 }
+            keyValue: { _id: 2 }
diff --git a/source/crud/tests/unified/bulkWrite-errorResponse.json b/source/crud/tests/unified/bulkWrite-errorResponse.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b520f24041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/crud/tests/unified/bulkWrite-errorResponse.json
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+{
+  "description": "bulkWrite-errorResponse",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "database": {
+        "id": "database0",
+        "client": "client0",
+        "databaseName": "crud-tests"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "collection": {
+        "id": "collection0",
+        "database": "database0",
+        "collectionName": "test"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "bulkWrite operations support errorResponse assertions",
+      "runOnRequirements": [
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.0.0",
+          "topologies": [
+            "single",
+            "replicaset"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.2.0",
+          "topologies": [
+            "sharded"
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "failPoint",
+          "object": "testRunner",
+          "arguments": {
+            "client": "client0",
+            "failPoint": {
+              "configureFailPoint": "failCommand",
+              "mode": {
+                "times": 1
+              },
+              "data": {
+                "failCommands": [
+                  "insert"
+                ],
+                "errorCode": 8
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "bulkWrite",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "requests": [
+              {
+                "insertOne": {
+                  "document": {
+                    "_id": 1
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorCode": 8,
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "code": 8
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/source/crud/tests/unified/bulkWrite-errorResponse.yml b/source/crud/tests/unified/bulkWrite-errorResponse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11cd0dfc1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/crud/tests/unified/bulkWrite-errorResponse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+description: "bulkWrite-errorResponse"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 client0
+  - database:
+      id: &database0 database0
+      client: *client0
+      databaseName: &database0Name crud-tests
+  - collection:
+      id: &collection0 collection0
+      database: *database0
+      collectionName: &collection0Name test
+
+tests:
+  # This test intentionally executes only a single insert operation in the bulk
+  # write to make the error code and response assertions less ambiguous. That
+  # said, some drivers may still need to skip this test because the CRUD spec
+  # does not prescribe how drivers should formulate a BulkWriteException beyond
+  # collecting write and write concern errors.
+  - description: "bulkWrite operations support errorResponse assertions"
+    runOnRequirements:
+      - minServerVersion: "4.0.0"
+        topologies: [ single, replicaset ]
+      - minServerVersion: "4.2.0"
+        topologies: [ sharded ]
+    operations:
+      - name: failPoint
+        object: testRunner
+        arguments:
+          client: *client0
+          failPoint:
+            configureFailPoint: failCommand
+            mode: { times: 1 }
+            data:
+              failCommands: [ insert ]
+              errorCode: &errorCode 8 # UnknownError
+      - name: bulkWrite
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          requests:
+            - insertOne:
+                document: { _id: 1 }
+        expectError:
+          errorCode: *errorCode
+          errorResponse:
+            code: *errorCode
diff --git a/source/crud/tests/unified/deleteOne-errorResponse.json b/source/crud/tests/unified/deleteOne-errorResponse.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..045b27cfcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/crud/tests/unified/deleteOne-errorResponse.json
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+{
+  "description": "deleteOne-errorResponse",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "database": {
+        "id": "database0",
+        "client": "client0",
+        "databaseName": "crud-tests"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "collection": {
+        "id": "collection0",
+        "database": "database0",
+        "collectionName": "test"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "delete operations support errorResponse assertions",
+      "runOnRequirements": [
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.0.0",
+          "topologies": [
+            "single",
+            "replicaset"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.2.0",
+          "topologies": [
+            "sharded"
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "failPoint",
+          "object": "testRunner",
+          "arguments": {
+            "client": "client0",
+            "failPoint": {
+              "configureFailPoint": "failCommand",
+              "mode": {
+                "times": 1
+              },
+              "data": {
+                "failCommands": [
+                  "delete"
+                ],
+                "errorCode": 8
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "deleteOne",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "filter": {
+              "_id": 1
+            }
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorCode": 8,
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "code": 8
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/source/crud/tests/unified/deleteOne-errorResponse.yml b/source/crud/tests/unified/deleteOne-errorResponse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ce54f0b10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/crud/tests/unified/deleteOne-errorResponse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+description: "deleteOne-errorResponse"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 client0
+  - database:
+      id: &database0 database0
+      client: *client0
+      databaseName: &database0Name crud-tests
+  - collection:
+      id: &collection0 collection0
+      database: *database0
+      collectionName: &collection0Name test
+
+tests:
+  # Some drivers may still need to skip this test because the CRUD spec does not
+  # prescribe how drivers should formulate a WriteException beyond collecting a
+  # write or write concern error.
+  - description: "delete operations support errorResponse assertions"
+    runOnRequirements:
+      - minServerVersion: "4.0.0"
+        topologies: [ single, replicaset ]
+      - minServerVersion: "4.2.0"
+        topologies: [ sharded ]
+    operations:
+      - name: failPoint
+        object: testRunner
+        arguments:
+          client: *client0
+          failPoint:
+            configureFailPoint: failCommand
+            mode: { times: 1 }
+            data:
+              failCommands: [ delete ]
+              errorCode: &errorCode 8 # UnknownError
+      - name: deleteOne
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          filter: { _id: 1 }
+        expectError:
+          errorCode: *errorCode
+          errorResponse:
+            code: *errorCode
diff --git a/source/crud/tests/unified/findOneAndUpdate-errorResponse.json b/source/crud/tests/unified/findOneAndUpdate-errorResponse.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5023a450f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/crud/tests/unified/findOneAndUpdate-errorResponse.json
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+{
+  "description": "findOneAndUpdate-errorResponse",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "database": {
+        "id": "database0",
+        "client": "client0",
+        "databaseName": "crud-tests"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "collection": {
+        "id": "collection0",
+        "database": "database0",
+        "collectionName": "test"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "initialData": [
+    {
+      "collectionName": "test",
+      "databaseName": "crud-tests",
+      "documents": [
+        {
+          "_id": 1,
+          "x": "foo"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "findOneAndUpdate DuplicateKey error is accessible",
+      "runOnRequirements": [
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.2"
+        }
+      ],
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "createIndex",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "keys": {
+              "x": 1
+            },
+            "unique": true
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "findOneAndUpdate",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "filter": {
+              "_id": 2
+            },
+            "update": {
+              "$set": {
+                "x": "foo"
+              }
+            },
+            "upsert": true
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorCode": 11000,
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "keyPattern": {
+                "x": 1
+              },
+              "keyValue": {
+                "x": "foo"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "description": "findOneAndUpdate document validation errInfo is accessible",
+      "runOnRequirements": [
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "5.0"
+        }
+      ],
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "modifyCollection",
+          "object": "database0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "collection": "test",
+            "validator": {
+              "x": {
+                "$type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "findOneAndUpdate",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "filter": {
+              "_id": 1
+            },
+            "update": {
+              "$set": {
+                "x": 1
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorCode": 121,
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "errInfo": {
+                "failingDocumentId": 1,
+                "details": {
+                  "$$type": "object"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/source/crud/tests/unified/findOneAndUpdate-errorResponse.yml b/source/crud/tests/unified/findOneAndUpdate-errorResponse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8faed76809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/crud/tests/unified/findOneAndUpdate-errorResponse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+description: "findOneAndUpdate-errorResponse"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 client0
+  - database:
+      id: &database0 database0
+      client: *client0
+      databaseName: &database0Name crud-tests
+  - collection:
+      id: &collection0 collection0
+      database: *database0
+      collectionName: &collection0Name test
+
+initialData: &initialData
+  - collectionName: *collection0Name
+    databaseName: *database0Name
+    documents:
+      - { _id: 1, x: "foo" }
+
+tests:
+  - description: "findOneAndUpdate DuplicateKey error is accessible"
+    runOnRequirements:
+      - minServerVersion: "4.2" # SERVER-37124
+    operations:
+      - name: createIndex
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          keys: { x: 1 }
+          unique: true
+      - name: findOneAndUpdate
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          filter: { _id: 2 }
+          update: { $set: { x: "foo" } }
+          upsert: true
+        expectError:
+          errorCode: 11000 # DuplicateKey
+          errorResponse:
+            keyPattern: { x: 1 }
+            keyValue: { x: "foo" }
+
+  - description: "findOneAndUpdate document validation errInfo is accessible"
+    runOnRequirements:
+      - minServerVersion: "5.0"
+    operations:
+      - name: modifyCollection
+        object: *database0
+        arguments:
+          collection: *collection0Name
+          validator:
+            x: { $type: "string" }
+      - name: findOneAndUpdate
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          filter: { _id: 1 }
+          update: { $set: { x: 1 } }
+        expectError:
+          errorCode: 121 # DocumentValidationFailure
+          errorResponse:
+            # Avoid asserting the exact contents of errInfo as it may vary by
+            # server version. Likewise, this is why drivers do not model the
+            # document. The following is sufficient to test that validation
+            # details are accessible. See SERVER-20547 for more context.
+            errInfo:
+              failingDocumentId: 1
+              details: { $$type: "object" }
diff --git a/source/crud/tests/unified/insertOne-errorResponse.json b/source/crud/tests/unified/insertOne-errorResponse.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..98f8830f62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/crud/tests/unified/insertOne-errorResponse.json
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+{
+  "description": "insertOne-errorResponse",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "database": {
+        "id": "database0",
+        "client": "client0",
+        "databaseName": "crud-tests"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "collection": {
+        "id": "collection0",
+        "database": "database0",
+        "collectionName": "test"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "insert operations support errorResponse assertions",
+      "runOnRequirements": [
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.0.0",
+          "topologies": [
+            "single",
+            "replicaset"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.2.0",
+          "topologies": [
+            "sharded"
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "failPoint",
+          "object": "testRunner",
+          "arguments": {
+            "client": "client0",
+            "failPoint": {
+              "configureFailPoint": "failCommand",
+              "mode": {
+                "times": 1
+              },
+              "data": {
+                "failCommands": [
+                  "insert"
+                ],
+                "errorCode": 8
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "insertOne",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "document": {
+              "_id": 1
+            }
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorCode": 8,
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "code": 8
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/source/crud/tests/unified/insertOne-errorResponse.yml b/source/crud/tests/unified/insertOne-errorResponse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9dbb73ac4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/crud/tests/unified/insertOne-errorResponse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+description: "insertOne-errorResponse"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 client0
+  - database:
+      id: &database0 database0
+      client: *client0
+      databaseName: &database0Name crud-tests
+  - collection:
+      id: &collection0 collection0
+      database: *database0
+      collectionName: &collection0Name test
+
+tests:
+  # Some drivers may still need to skip this test because the CRUD spec does not
+  # prescribe how drivers should formulate a WriteException beyond collecting a
+  # write or write concern error.
+  - description: "insert operations support errorResponse assertions"
+    runOnRequirements:
+      - minServerVersion: "4.0.0"
+        topologies: [ single, replicaset ]
+      - minServerVersion: "4.2.0"
+        topologies: [ sharded ]
+    operations:
+      - name: failPoint
+        object: testRunner
+        arguments:
+          client: *client0
+          failPoint:
+            configureFailPoint: failCommand
+            mode: { times: 1 }
+            data:
+              failCommands: [ insert ]
+              errorCode: &errorCode 8 # UnknownError
+      - name: insertOne
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          document: { _id: 1 }
+        expectError:
+          errorCode: *errorCode
+          errorResponse:
+            code: *errorCode
diff --git a/source/crud/tests/unified/updateOne-errorResponse.json b/source/crud/tests/unified/updateOne-errorResponse.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..070d66dcfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/crud/tests/unified/updateOne-errorResponse.json
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+{
+  "description": "updateOne-errorResponse",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "database": {
+        "id": "database0",
+        "client": "client0",
+        "databaseName": "crud-tests"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "collection": {
+        "id": "collection0",
+        "database": "database0",
+        "collectionName": "test"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "update operations support errorResponse assertions",
+      "runOnRequirements": [
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.0.0",
+          "topologies": [
+            "single",
+            "replicaset"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "minServerVersion": "4.2.0",
+          "topologies": [
+            "sharded"
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "failPoint",
+          "object": "testRunner",
+          "arguments": {
+            "client": "client0",
+            "failPoint": {
+              "configureFailPoint": "failCommand",
+              "mode": {
+                "times": 1
+              },
+              "data": {
+                "failCommands": [
+                  "update"
+                ],
+                "errorCode": 8
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "updateOne",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "filter": {
+              "_id": 1
+            },
+            "update": {
+              "$set": {
+                "x": 1
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorCode": 8,
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "code": 8
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/source/crud/tests/unified/updateOne-errorResponse.yml b/source/crud/tests/unified/updateOne-errorResponse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4e657ce4a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/crud/tests/unified/updateOne-errorResponse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+description: "updateOne-errorResponse"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 client0
+  - database:
+      id: &database0 database0
+      client: *client0
+      databaseName: &database0Name crud-tests
+  - collection:
+      id: &collection0 collection0
+      database: *database0
+      collectionName: &collection0Name test
+
+tests:
+  # Some drivers may still need to skip this test because the CRUD spec does not
+  # prescribe how drivers should formulate a WriteException beyond collecting a
+  # write or write concern error.
+  - description: "update operations support errorResponse assertions"
+    runOnRequirements:
+      - minServerVersion: "4.0.0"
+        topologies: [ single, replicaset ]
+      - minServerVersion: "4.2.0"
+        topologies: [ sharded ]
+    operations:
+      - name: failPoint
+        object: testRunner
+        arguments:
+          client: *client0
+          failPoint:
+            configureFailPoint: failCommand
+            mode: { times: 1 }
+            data:
+              failCommands: [ update ]
+              errorCode: &errorCode 8 # UnknownError
+      - name: updateOne
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          filter: { _id: 1 }
+          update: { $set: { x: 1 } }
+        expectError:
+          errorCode: *errorCode
+          errorResponse:
+            code: *errorCode
diff --git a/source/unified-test-format/schema-1.12.json b/source/unified-test-format/schema-1.12.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91acf4fb69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/unified-test-format/schema-1.12.json
@@ -0,0 +1,624 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
+
+  "title": "Unified Test Format",
+  "type": "object",
+  "additionalProperties": false,
+  "required": ["description", "schemaVersion", "tests"],
+  "properties": {
+    "description": { "type": "string" },
+    "schemaVersion": { "$ref": "#/definitions/version" },
+    "runOnRequirements": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "minItems": 1,
+      "items": { "$ref": "#/definitions/runOnRequirement" }
+    },
+    "createEntities": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "minItems": 1,
+      "items": { "$ref": "#/definitions/entity" }
+    },
+    "initialData": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "minItems": 1,
+      "items": { "$ref": "#/definitions/collectionData" }
+    },
+    "tests": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "minItems": 1,
+      "items": { "$ref": "#/definitions/test" }
+    },
+    "_yamlAnchors": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": true
+    }
+  },
+
+  "definitions": {
+    "version": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "pattern": "^[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+){1,2}$"
+    },
+
+    "runOnRequirement": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "minProperties": 1,
+      "properties": {
+        "maxServerVersion": { "$ref": "#/definitions/version" },
+        "minServerVersion": { "$ref": "#/definitions/version" },
+        "topologies": {
+          "type": "array",
+          "minItems": 1,
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["single", "replicaset", "sharded", "sharded-replicaset", "load-balanced"]
+          }
+        },
+        "serverless": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "enum": ["require", "forbid", "allow"]
+        },
+        "serverParameters": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "minProperties": 1
+        },
+        "auth": { "type": "boolean" },
+        "csfle": { "type": "boolean" }
+      }
+    },
+
+    "entity": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "maxProperties": 1,
+      "minProperties": 1,
+      "properties": {
+        "client": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "required": ["id"],
+          "properties": {
+            "id": { "type": "string" },
+            "uriOptions": { "type": "object" },
+            "useMultipleMongoses": { "type": "boolean" },
+            "observeEvents": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "minItems": 1,
+              "items": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "enum": [
+                  "commandStartedEvent",
+                  "commandSucceededEvent",
+                  "commandFailedEvent",
+                  "poolCreatedEvent",
+                  "poolReadyEvent",
+                  "poolClearedEvent",
+                  "poolClosedEvent",
+                  "connectionCreatedEvent",
+                  "connectionReadyEvent",
+                  "connectionClosedEvent",
+                  "connectionCheckOutStartedEvent",
+                  "connectionCheckOutFailedEvent",
+                  "connectionCheckedOutEvent",
+                  "connectionCheckedInEvent",
+                  "serverDescriptionChangedEvent"
+                ]
+              }
+            },
+            "ignoreCommandMonitoringEvents": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "minItems": 1,
+              "items": { "type": "string" }
+            },
+            "storeEventsAsEntities": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "minItems": 1,
+              "items": { "$ref": "#/definitions/storeEventsAsEntity" }
+            },
+            "serverApi": { "$ref":  "#/definitions/serverApi" },
+            "observeSensitiveCommands": { "type": "boolean" }
+          }
+        },
+        "clientEncryption": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "required": ["id", "clientEncryptionOpts"],
+          "properties": {
+            "id": { "type": "string" },
+            "clientEncryptionOpts": { "$ref": "#/definitions/clientEncryptionOpts" }
+          }
+        },
+        "database": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "required": ["id", "client", "databaseName"],
+          "properties": {
+            "id": { "type": "string" },
+            "client": { "type": "string" },
+            "databaseName": { "type": "string" },
+            "databaseOptions": { "$ref": "#/definitions/collectionOrDatabaseOptions" }
+          }
+        },
+        "collection": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "required": ["id", "database", "collectionName"],
+          "properties": {
+            "id": { "type": "string" },
+            "database": { "type": "string" },
+            "collectionName": { "type": "string" },
+            "collectionOptions": { "$ref": "#/definitions/collectionOrDatabaseOptions" }
+          }
+        },
+        "session": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "required": ["id", "client"],
+          "properties": {
+            "id": { "type": "string" },
+            "client": { "type": "string" },
+            "sessionOptions": { "type": "object" }
+          }
+        },
+        "bucket": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "required": ["id", "database"],
+          "properties": {
+            "id": { "type": "string" },
+            "database": { "type": "string" },
+            "bucketOptions": { "type": "object" }
+          }
+        },
+        "thread": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "required": ["id"],
+          "properties": {
+            "id": { "type": "string" }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    "clientEncryptionOpts": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "required": ["keyVaultClient", "keyVaultNamespace", "kmsProviders"],
+      "properties": {
+        "keyVaultClient": { "type": "string" },
+        "keyVaultNamespace": { "type": "string" },
+        "kmsProviders": { "$ref": "#/definitions/kmsProviders" }
+      }
+    },
+
+    "kmsProviders": {
+      "$defs": {
+        "stringOrPlaceholder": {
+          "oneOf": [
+            {
+              "type": "string"
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "object",
+              "additionalProperties": false,
+              "required": ["$$placeholder"],
+              "properties": {
+                "$$placeholder": {}
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      },
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "properties": {
+        "aws": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "accessKeyId": { "$ref": "#/definitions/kmsProviders/$defs/stringOrPlaceholder" },
+            "secretAccessKey": { "$ref": "#/definitions/kmsProviders/$defs/stringOrPlaceholder" },
+            "sessionToken": { "$ref": "#/definitions/kmsProviders/$defs/stringOrPlaceholder" }
+          }
+        },
+        "azure": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "tenantId": { "$ref": "#/definitions/kmsProviders/$defs/stringOrPlaceholder" },
+            "clientId": { "$ref": "#/definitions/kmsProviders/$defs/stringOrPlaceholder" },
+            "clientSecret": { "$ref": "#/definitions/kmsProviders/$defs/stringOrPlaceholder" },
+            "identityPlatformEndpoint": { "$ref": "#/definitions/kmsProviders/$defs/stringOrPlaceholder" }
+          }
+        },
+        "gcp": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "email": { "$ref": "#/definitions/kmsProviders/$defs/stringOrPlaceholder" },
+            "privateKey": { "$ref": "#/definitions/kmsProviders/$defs/stringOrPlaceholder" },
+            "endpoint": { "$ref": "#/definitions/kmsProviders/$defs/stringOrPlaceholder" }
+          }
+        },
+        "kmip": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "endpoint": { "$ref": "#/definitions/kmsProviders/$defs/stringOrPlaceholder" }
+          }
+        },
+        "local": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "key": { "$ref": "#/definitions/kmsProviders/$defs/stringOrPlaceholder" }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    "storeEventsAsEntity": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "required": ["id", "events"],
+      "properties": {
+        "id": { "type": "string" },
+        "events": {
+          "type": "array",
+          "minItems": 1,
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": [
+              "PoolCreatedEvent",
+              "PoolReadyEvent",
+              "PoolClearedEvent",
+              "PoolClosedEvent",
+              "ConnectionCreatedEvent",
+              "ConnectionReadyEvent",
+              "ConnectionClosedEvent",
+              "ConnectionCheckOutStartedEvent",
+              "ConnectionCheckOutFailedEvent",
+              "ConnectionCheckedOutEvent",
+              "ConnectionCheckedInEvent",
+              "CommandStartedEvent",
+              "CommandSucceededEvent",
+              "CommandFailedEvent",
+              "ServerDescriptionChangedEvent"
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    "collectionData": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "required": ["collectionName", "databaseName", "documents"],
+      "properties": {
+        "collectionName": { "type": "string" },
+        "databaseName": { "type": "string" },
+        "createOptions": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "properties": {
+            "writeConcern": false
+          }
+        },
+        "documents": {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": { "type": "object" }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    "expectedEventsForClient": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "required": ["client", "events"],
+      "properties": {
+        "client": { "type": "string" },
+        "eventType": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "enum": ["command", "cmap", "sdam"]
+        },
+        "events": { "type": "array" },
+        "ignoreExtraEvents": { "type": "boolean" }
+      },
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "required": ["eventType"],
+          "properties": {
+            "eventType": { "const": "command" },
+            "events": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": { "$ref": "#/definitions/expectedCommandEvent" }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "required": ["eventType"],
+          "properties": {
+            "eventType": { "const": "cmap" },
+            "events": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": { "$ref": "#/definitions/expectedCmapEvent" }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "required": ["eventType"],
+          "properties": {
+            "eventType": { "const": "sdam" },
+            "events": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": { "$ref": "#/definitions/expectedSdamEvent" }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "client": { "type": "string" },
+            "events": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": { "$ref": "#/definitions/expectedCommandEvent" }
+            },
+            "ignoreExtraEvents": { "type": "boolean" }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+
+    "expectedCommandEvent": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "maxProperties": 1,
+      "minProperties": 1,
+      "properties": {
+        "commandStartedEvent": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "command": { "type": "object" },
+            "commandName": { "type": "string" },
+            "databaseName": { "type": "string" },
+            "hasServiceId": { "type": "boolean" },
+            "hasServerConnectionId": { "type": "boolean" }
+          }
+        },
+        "commandSucceededEvent": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "reply": { "type": "object" },
+            "commandName": { "type": "string" },
+            "hasServiceId": { "type": "boolean" },
+            "hasServerConnectionId": { "type": "boolean" }
+          }
+        },
+        "commandFailedEvent": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "commandName": { "type": "string" },
+            "hasServiceId": { "type": "boolean" },
+            "hasServerConnectionId": { "type": "boolean" }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    "expectedCmapEvent": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "maxProperties": 1,
+      "minProperties": 1,
+      "properties": {
+        "poolCreatedEvent": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {}
+        },
+        "poolReadyEvent": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {}
+        },
+        "poolClearedEvent": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "hasServiceId": { "type": "boolean" },
+            "interruptInUseConnections": { "type": "boolean" }
+          }
+        },
+        "poolClosedEvent": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {}
+        },
+        "connectionCreatedEvent": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {}
+        },
+        "connectionReadyEvent": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {}
+        },
+        "connectionClosedEvent": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "reason": { "type": "string" }
+          }
+        },
+        "connectionCheckOutStartedEvent": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {}
+        },
+        "connectionCheckOutFailedEvent": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "reason": { "type": "string" }
+          }
+        },
+        "connectionCheckedOutEvent": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {}
+        },
+        "connectionCheckedInEvent": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {}
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    "expectedSdamEvent": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "maxProperties": 1,
+      "minProperties": 1,
+      "properties": {
+        "serverDescriptionChangedEvent": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "previousDescription": { "$ref": "#/definitions/serverDescription" },
+            "newDescription": { "$ref": "#/definitions/serverDescription" }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    "serverDescription": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "properties": {
+        "type": { 
+          "type": "string",
+          "enum": [
+            "Standalone",
+            "Mongos",
+            "PossiblePrimary",
+            "RSPrimary",
+            "RSSecondary",
+            "RSOther",
+            "RSArbiter",
+            "RSGhost",
+            "LoadBalancer",
+            "Unknown"
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    "collectionOrDatabaseOptions": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "properties": {
+        "readConcern": { "type": "object" },
+        "readPreference": { "type": "object" },
+        "writeConcern": { "type": "object" },
+        "timeoutMS": { "type": "integer" }
+      }
+    },
+
+    "serverApi": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "required": ["version"],
+      "properties": {
+        "version": { "type": "string" },
+        "strict": { "type":  "boolean" },
+        "deprecationErrors": { "type":  "boolean" }
+      }
+    },
+
+    "operation": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "required": ["name", "object"],
+      "properties": {
+        "name": { "type": "string" },
+        "object": { "type": "string" },
+        "arguments": { "type": "object" },
+        "ignoreResultAndError": { "type": "boolean" },
+        "expectError":  { "$ref": "#/definitions/expectedError" },
+        "expectResult": {},
+        "saveResultAsEntity": { "type": "string" }
+      },
+      "allOf": [
+        { "not": { "required": ["expectError", "expectResult"] } },
+        { "not": { "required": ["expectError", "saveResultAsEntity"] } },
+        { "not": { "required": ["ignoreResultAndError", "expectResult"] } },
+        { "not": { "required": ["ignoreResultAndError", "expectError"] } },
+        { "not": { "required": ["ignoreResultAndError", "saveResultAsEntity"] } }
+      ]
+    },
+
+    "expectedError": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "minProperties": 1,
+      "properties": {
+        "isError": {
+          "type": "boolean",
+          "const": true
+        },
+        "isClientError": { "type": "boolean" },
+        "isTimeoutError": { "type": "boolean" },
+        "errorContains": { "type": "string" },
+        "errorCode": { "type": "integer" },
+        "errorCodeName": { "type": "string" },
+        "errorLabelsContain": {
+          "type": "array",
+          "minItems": 1,
+          "items": { "type": "string" }
+        },
+        "errorLabelsOmit": {
+          "type": "array",
+          "minItems": 1,
+          "items": { "type": "string" }
+        },
+        "errorResponse": { "type": "object" },
+        "expectResult": {}
+      }
+    },
+
+    "test": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "required": ["description", "operations"],
+      "properties": {
+        "description": { "type": "string" },
+        "runOnRequirements": {
+          "type": "array",
+          "minItems": 1,
+          "items": { "$ref": "#/definitions/runOnRequirement" }
+        },
+        "skipReason": { "type": "string" },
+        "operations": {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": { "$ref": "#/definitions/operation" }
+        },
+        "expectEvents": {
+          "type": "array",
+          "minItems": 1,
+          "items": { "$ref": "#/definitions/expectedEventsForClient" }
+        },
+        "outcome": {
+          "type": "array",
+          "minItems": 1,
+          "items": { "$ref": "#/definitions/collectionData" }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/source/unified-test-format/tests/Makefile b/source/unified-test-format/tests/Makefile
index 6d825fa899..c149481160 100644
--- a/source/unified-test-format/tests/Makefile
+++ b/source/unified-test-format/tests/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-SCHEMA=../schema-1.9.json
+SCHEMA=../schema-1.12.json
 
 .PHONY: all invalid valid-fail valid-pass versioned-api load-balancers gridfs transactions crud collection-management sessions command-monitoring client-side-operations-timeout HAS_AJV
 
diff --git a/source/unified-test-format/tests/invalid/expectedError-errorResponse-type.json b/source/unified-test-format/tests/invalid/expectedError-errorResponse-type.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6eb66d9b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/unified-test-format/tests/invalid/expectedError-errorResponse-type.json
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{
+  "description": "expectedError-errorResponse-type",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "foo",
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "foo",
+          "object": "client0",
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorResponse": 0
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/source/unified-test-format/tests/invalid/expectedError-errorResponse-type.yml b/source/unified-test-format/tests/invalid/expectedError-errorResponse-type.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e63f6ce892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/unified-test-format/tests/invalid/expectedError-errorResponse-type.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+description: "expectedError-errorResponse-type"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 "client0"
+
+tests:
+  - description: "foo"
+    operations:
+      - name: "foo"
+        object: *client0
+        expectError:
+          errorResponse: 0
diff --git a/source/unified-test-format/tests/valid-pass/expectedError-errorResponse.json b/source/unified-test-format/tests/valid-pass/expectedError-errorResponse.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..177b1baf56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/unified-test-format/tests/valid-pass/expectedError-errorResponse.json
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+{
+  "description": "expectedError-errorResponse",
+  "schemaVersion": "1.12",
+  "createEntities": [
+    {
+      "client": {
+        "id": "client0"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "database": {
+        "id": "database0",
+        "client": "client0",
+        "databaseName": "test"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "collection": {
+        "id": "collection0",
+        "database": "database0",
+        "collectionName": "coll0"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "tests": [
+    {
+      "description": "Unsupported command",
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "runCommand",
+          "object": "database0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "commandName": "unsupportedCommand",
+            "command": {
+              "unsupportedCommand": 1
+            }
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "errmsg": {
+                "$$type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "description": "Unsupported query operator",
+      "operations": [
+        {
+          "name": "find",
+          "object": "collection0",
+          "arguments": {
+            "filter": {
+              "$unsupportedQueryOperator": 1
+            }
+          },
+          "expectError": {
+            "errorResponse": {
+              "errmsg": {
+                "$$type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/source/unified-test-format/tests/valid-pass/expectedError-errorResponse.yml b/source/unified-test-format/tests/valid-pass/expectedError-errorResponse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e10c25a1ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/unified-test-format/tests/valid-pass/expectedError-errorResponse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+description: "expectedError-errorResponse"
+
+schemaVersion: "1.12"
+
+createEntities:
+  - client:
+      id: &client0 client0
+  - database:
+      id: &database0 database0
+      client: *client0
+      databaseName: &database0Name test
+  - collection:
+      id: &collection0 collection0
+      database: *database0
+      collectionName: &collection0Name coll0
+
+tests:
+  - description: "Unsupported command"
+    operations:
+      - name: runCommand
+        object: *database0
+        arguments:
+          commandName: unsupportedCommand
+          command: { unsupportedCommand: 1 }
+        expectError:
+          # Avoid asserting the exact error since it may vary by server version
+          errorResponse:
+            errmsg: { $$type: "string" }
+
+  - description: "Unsupported query operator"
+    operations:
+      - name: find
+        object: *collection0
+        arguments:
+          filter: { $unsupportedQueryOperator: 1 }
+        expectError:
+          # Avoid asserting the exact error since it may vary by server version
+          errorResponse:
+            errmsg: { $$type: "string" }
diff --git a/source/unified-test-format/unified-test-format.rst b/source/unified-test-format/unified-test-format.rst
index bf6f457e3b..80450fe0d5 100644
--- a/source/unified-test-format/unified-test-format.rst
+++ b/source/unified-test-format/unified-test-format.rst
@@ -1079,6 +1079,20 @@ The structure of this object is as follows:
   assert that the error does not contain any of the specified labels (e.g. using
   the ``hasErrorLabel`` method).
 
+.. _expectedError_errorResponse:
+
+- ``errorResponse``: Optional document. A value corresponding to the expected
+  server response. The test runner MUST assert that the error includes a server
+  response that matches this value as a root-level document according to the
+  rules in `Evaluating Matches`_.
+
+  Note that some drivers may not be able to evaluate ``errorResponse`` for write
+  commands (i.e. insert, update, delete) and bulk write operations. For example,
+  a BulkWriteException is derived from potentially multiple server responses and
+  may not provide direct access to a single response. Tests SHOULD avoid using
+  ``errorResponse`` for such operations if possible; otherwise, affected drivers
+  SHOULD skip such tests if necessary.
+
 .. _expectedError_expectResult:
 
 - ``expectResult``: Optional mixed type. This field follows the same rules as
@@ -2900,7 +2914,8 @@ root-level documents include, but are not limited to:
 - ``command`` for `CommandStartedEvent <expectedEvent_commandStartedEvent_>`_
 - ``reply`` for `CommandSucceededEvent <expectedEvent_commandSucceededEvent_>`_
 - `expectResult`_ for ``findOneAndUpdate`` `Collection Operations`_
-- `expectResult`_ for `iterateUntilDocumentOrError`_.
+- `expectResult`_ for `iterateUntilDocumentOrError`_
+- `expectedError_errorResponse`_
 - each array element in `expectResult`_ for `find`_ or `collection_aggregate`_
   `Collection Operations`_
 
@@ -3749,6 +3764,8 @@ Changelog
 ..
   Please note schema version bumps in changelog entries where applicable.
 
+:2022-10-14: **Schema version 1.12.**
+             Add ``errorResponse`` to ``expectedError``.
 :2022-10-05: Remove spec front matter, add "Current Schema Version" field, and
              reformat changelog. Add comment to remind editors to note schema
              version bumps in changelog updates (where applicable).