BUG: Failure to build 1.3.1 on Docker image

[zemzale]

• I have checked that this issue has not already been reported.

• I have confirmed this bug exists on the latest version of pandas.

• (optional) I have confirmed this bug exists on the master branch of pandas.

---

Code Sample, a copy-pastable example

Docker image file

FROM golang:1.16

RUN apt-get update \ 
    && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
    python3 \
    python3-pip 

COPY requirements.txt /requirements.txt

RUN python3 -m pip install -r /requirements.txt

Requirments file

pandas == 1.3.1

Command to run

docker build --file Dockerfile --tag test-image:latest .  

Problem description

We have been using a similar docker image(retracted the unrelated parts) with pandas version 1.3.0 so far with no problems.

When the version changed to 1.3.1 we are getting compile errors, and since the only variable that changed is pandas version, I have to assume it's problem with that.

Dropping the version back to 1.3.0 fixes the problem and everything works correctly.

Expected Output

Expected no output except the fact that install was a success

Actually got

---RETRACTED A LOT OF COPYING OPERATIONS---
#8 187.7     copying pandas/_libs/tslibs/src/datetime/np_datetime_strings.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/pandas/_libs/tslibs/src/datetime
#8 187.7     UPDATING build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/pandas/_version.py
#8 187.7     set build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/pandas/_version.py to '1.3.1'
#8 187.7     running build_ext
#8 187.7     building 'pandas._libs.algos' extension
#8 187.7     creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
#8 187.7     creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/pandas
#8 187.7     creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/pandas/_libs#8 187.7     x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -W
#8 187.7     x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -DNPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API=0 -I./pandas/_libs -Ipandas/_libs/src/klib -I/tmp/pip-build-env-ailjqcbp/lib/python3.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python3.7m -c pandas/_libs/algos.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/pandas/_libs/algos.o
#8 187.7     pandas/_libs/algos.c:42:10: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
#8 187.7      #include "Python.h"
#8 187.7               ^~~~~~~~~~
#8 187.7     compilation terminated.
#8 187.7     error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
#8 187.7     
#8 187.7     ----------------------------------------
#8 187.9 Command "/usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-quz7o69n/pandas/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-ygkh2jru/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-quz7o69n/pandas/
------
executor failed running [/bin/sh -c python3 -m pip install -r /requirements.txt]: exit code: 1

[lithomas1]

What is your python version and hardware(it looks like you are on x86_64)?

[zemzale]

This all is run on docker on x86_64 machines. They all based on debian buster images and the version of python is 3.7.3

[lithomas1]

I forgot to ask, but what's your pip version? We recently upgraded our wheels to manylinux2014 and it looks like you're not able to install our wheels for some reason(maybe because your pip version is out of date, right now, pip is falling back to compiling from source I think).

[zemzale]

pip version

# pip3 --version
pip 18.1 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip (python 3.7)

I updated pip to the newest version(21.2.1), and then tried to install pandas and everything worked just fine, so indeed outdated pip version was at fault.

Thanks for the help anyways. I don't work with python a lot so I never would have thought that pip might be at fault here.

[lithomas1]

No problem. I think we might be able to update our docs to specify the minimum version of pip needed to install pandas(19.3 is required I think).
cc @simonjayhawkins