From e1a1eacd7aed07d7cc8648694405ece02223844f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 17:47:49 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 01/58] floating PV gallery example --- .../plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 229 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 229 insertions(+) create mode 100644 docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5ad50786f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -0,0 +1,229 @@ +""" +Calculating the cell temperature for floating PV +================================================ + +This example demonstrates how to calculate the cell temperature for +floating PV systems using the PVSyst temperature model. +""" + +# %% + +# One of the primary benefits attributed to floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems +# is their lower operating temperatures, which are expected to increase the +# operating efficiency. In general, the temperature at which a photovoltaic +# module operates is influenced by various factors including solar radiation, +# ambient temperature, wind speed and direction, and the characteristics of the +# cell and module materials, as well as the mounting structure. Both radiative +# and convective heat transfers play roles in determining the module's +# temperature. +# +# One of the most common models for calculating the PV cell temperature is the +# empirical heat loss factor model suggested by Faiman and implemented in +# PVSyst (:py:func:`~pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell`). The PVSyst model for cell +# temperature :math:`T_{C}` is given by +# +# .. math:: +# :label: pvsyst +# +# T_{C} = T_{a} + \frac{\alpha E (1 - \eta_{m})}{U_{c} + U_{v} \times WS} +# +# Where :math:`E` is the plane-of-array irradiance, :math:`T_{a}` is the +# ambient air temperature, :math:`WS` is the wind speed, :math:`\alpha` is the +# absorbed fraction of the incident irradiance, :math:`\eta_{m}` is the +# electrical efficiency of the module, :math:`U0` is the wind-idependent heat +# loss coefficient, and :math:`U1` is the wind-dependent heat loss coefficient. +# +# However, the default heat loss coefficient values of this model were +# specified for land-based PV systems and are not necessarily representative +# for FPV systems. +# +# In FPV systems, variations in heat loss coefficients are considerable, not +# only due to differences in design but also because of geographic factors. +# Systems with extensive water surfaces, closely packed modules, and restricted +# airflow behind the modules generally exhibit lower heat loss coefficients +# compared to those with smaller water surfaces and better airflow behind the +# modules. +# +# For FPV systems installed over water without direct contact, the module's +# operating temperature, much like in land-based systems, is mainly influenced +# by the mounting structure (which significantly affects the U-value), wind, +# and air temperature. Thus, factors that help reduce operating temperatures in +# such systems include lower air temperatures and changes in air flow beneath +# the modules (wind/convection). In some designs where the modules are in +# direct thermal contact with water, cooling effectiveness is largely dictated +# by the water temperature. +# +# The table below gives heat loss coefficients derrived for different systems +# and locations as found in the literature. In this example, the FPV cell +# temperature will be calculated using some of the coefficients below. +# +# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 +# | System | Location |:math:`U_{c}` | :math:`U_{v}` | Reference | # noqa: E501 +# | | |:math:`[W/(m^2 \cdot K)]` | :math:`[W/(m^3 \cdot K \cdot s)]`| | # noqa: E501 +# +========================+=============+==========================+==================================+===========+ # noqa: E501 +# | Monofacial module | Netherlands | 24.4 | 6.5 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 +# | open structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 +# | two-axis tracking | | | | | # noqa: E501 +# | small water footprint | | | | | # noqa: E501 +# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 +# | Monofacial module | Netherlands | 25.2 | 3.7 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 +# | closed structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 +# | large water footprint | | | | | # noqa: E501 +# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 +# | Monofacial module | Singapore | 34.8 | 0.8 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 +# | closed structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 +# | large water footprint | | | | | # noqa: E501 +# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 +# | Monofacial module | Singapore | 18.9 | 8.9 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 +# | closed stucuture | | | | | # noqa: E501 +# | medium water footprint | | | | | # noqa: E501 +# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 +# | Monofacial module | Singapore | 35.3 | 8.9 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 +# | open strucuture | | | | | # noqa: E501 +# | free-standing | | | | | # noqa: E501 +# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 +# | Monofacial module | Norway | 86.5 | 0 | [2]_ | # noqa: E501 +# | in contact with | | | | | # noqa: E501 +# | water | | | | | # noqa: E501 | | | | # noqa: E501 +# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 +# | Monofacial module | South Italy | 31.9 | 1.5 | [3]_ | # noqa: E501 +# | open structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 +# | free-standing | | | | | # noqa: E501 +# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 +# | Bifacial module | South Italy | 35.2 | 1.5 | [3]_ | # noqa: E501 +# | open structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 +# | free-standing | | | | | # noqa: E501 +# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 +# +# References +# ---------- +# .. [1] Dörenkämper M., Wahed A., Kumar A., de Jong M., Kroon J., Reindl T. +# (2021), 'The cooling effect of floating PV in two different climate zones: +# A comparison of field test data from the Netherlands and Singapore' +# Solar Energy, vol. 214, pp. 239-247, :doi:`10.1016/j.solener.2020.11.029`. +# +# .. [2] Kjeldstad T., Lindholm D., Marstein E., Selj J. (2021), 'Cooling of +# floating photovoltaics and the importance of water temperature', Solar +# Energy, vol. 218, pp. 544-551, :doi:`10.1016/j.solener.2021.03.022`. +# +# .. [3] Tina G.M., Scavo F.B., Merlo L., Bizzarri F. (2021), 'Comparative +# analysis of monofacial and bifacial photovoltaic modules for floating +# power plants', Applied Energy, vol 281, pp. 116084, +# :doi:`10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116084`. +# +# %% + +# Read example weather data +# ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +# Read weather data from a TMY3 file and calculate the solar position and +# the plane-of-array irradiance. + +import pvlib +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt +from pathlib import Path + +# Assume a FPV system with the following specifications +tilt = 30 # degrees +azimuth = 180 # south-facing + +# Datafile found in the pvlib distribution +data_file = Path(pvlib.__path__[0]).joinpath('data', '723170TYA.CSV') + +tmy, metadata = pvlib.iotools.read_tmy3( + data_file, coerce_year=2002, map_variables=True +) +tmy = tmy.filter( + ['ghi', 'dni', 'dni_extra', 'dhi', 'temp_air', 'wind_speed', 'pressure'] +) # remaining columns are not needed +tmy = tmy['2002-06-06 00:00':'2002-06-06 23:59'] # select period + +solar_position = pvlib.solarposition.get_solarposition( + # TMY timestamp is at end of hour, so shift to center of interval + tmy.index.shift(freq='-30T'), + latitude=metadata['latitude'], + longitude=metadata['longitude'], + altitude=metadata['altitude'], + pressure=tmy['pressure'] * 100, # convert from millibar to Pa + temperature=tmy['temp_air'], +) +solar_position.index = tmy.index # reset index to end of the hour + +# Albedo calculation for inland water bodies +albedo = pvlib.albedo.inland_water_dvoracek( + solar_elevation=solar_position['elevation'], + surface_condition='clear_water_no_waves' +) + +# Use transposition model to find plane-of-array irradiance +irradiance = pvlib.irradiance.get_total_irradiance( + surface_tilt=tilt, + surface_azimuth=azimuth, + solar_zenith=solar_position['apparent_zenith'], + solar_azimuth=solar_position['azimuth'], + dni=tmy['dni'], + dni_extra=tmy['dni_extra'], + ghi=tmy['ghi'], + dhi=tmy['dhi'], + albedo=albedo, + model='haydavies' +) + +# %% + +# Calculate cell temperature +# ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +# The temperature of the PV cell is calculated for a floating PV system located +# on a lake: + +# Monnofacial floating module open strucuture +T_cell_floating = pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell( + poa_global=irradiance['poa_global'], + temp_air=tmy['temp_air'], + wind_speed=tmy['wind_speed'], + u_c=35.3, + u_v=8.9 +) + +# In order to idetify the effect of the heat loss coefficinets on the cell +# temperature, the PV cell temperature for the same system is calculated +# using the default coefficients of the equation. It should be noted that the +# default coefficeints were derrived for land-based systems. +T_cell_land = pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell( + poa_global=irradiance['poa_global'], + temp_air=tmy['temp_air'], + wind_speed=tmy['wind_speed'] +) + +# %% +# Plot the results +# ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +# Convert Dataframe Indexes to Hour:Minutes format to make plotting easier +T_cell_floating.index = T_cell_floating.index.strftime("%H:%M") +T_cell_land.index = T_cell_land.index.strftime("%H:%M") + +fig, axes = plt.subplots() +axes.set( + xlabel="Hour", + ylabel="Temperature $[°C]$", + title="PV cell temperature for floating and land-based system" +) + +axes.plot( + T_cell_floating, + label='Floating PV coeff.' +) + +axes.plot( + T_cell_land, + label='Land-based PV coeff.' +) + +axes.grid() +axes.legend(loc="upper left") +plt.tight_layout() +plt.show() + +# The above figure illustrates the necessity of choosing appropriate heat loss +# coefficients when using the PVSyst model for calculating the cell temperature +# for floating PV systems. A difference of up to 10 °C was obtained for the two +# sets of coefficients. From 68bd29346e020ca13fbf079fbaff7482731c073d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 17:54:26 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 02/58] fixed linter --- .../examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 5ad50786f8..356d8ce10f 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ from pathlib import Path # Assume a FPV system with the following specifications -tilt = 30 # degrees -azimuth = 180 # south-facing +tilt = 30 # degrees +azimuth = 180 # south-facing # Datafile found in the pvlib distribution data_file = Path(pvlib.__path__[0]).joinpath('data', '723170TYA.CSV') From 7a78f09ec40ae7172f41be2ae63b74771156788e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 18:05:33 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 03/58] fixed toc --- docs/examples/floating-pv/README.rst | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) create mode 100644 docs/examples/floating-pv/README.rst diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/README.rst b/docs/examples/floating-pv/README.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ac80e44268 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/README.rst @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Floating PV Systems Modelling +----------------------------- From af420f1d771df3b5e5aa2cb0ad694c04038e1dd6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 18:13:39 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 04/58] formatting --- .../plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 211 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 106 insertions(+), 105 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 356d8ce10f..143a199f5c 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -4,113 +4,111 @@ This example demonstrates how to calculate the cell temperature for floating PV systems using the PVSyst temperature model. -""" -# %% +One of the primary benefits attributed to floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems +is their lower operating temperatures, which are expected to increase the +operating efficiency. In general, the temperature at which a photovoltaic +module operates is influenced by various factors including solar radiation, +ambient temperature, wind speed and direction, and the characteristics of the +cell and module materials, as well as the mounting structure. Both radiative +and convective heat transfers play roles in determining the module's +temperature. + +One of the most common models for calculating the PV cell temperature is the +empirical heat loss factor model suggested by Faiman and implemented in +PVSyst (:py:func:`~pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell`). The PVSyst model for cell +temperature :math:`T_{C}` is given by + +.. math:: + :label: pvsyst + + T_{C} = T_{a} + \frac{\alpha E (1 - \eta_{m})}{U_{c} + U_{v} \times WS} + +Where :math:`E` is the plane-of-array irradiance, :math:`T_{a}` is the +ambient air temperature, :math:`WS` is the wind speed, :math:`\alpha` is the +absorbed fraction of the incident irradiance, :math:`\eta_{m}` is the +electrical efficiency of the module, :math:`U0` is the wind-idependent heat +loss coefficient, and :math:`U1` is the wind-dependent heat loss coefficient. + +However, the default heat loss coefficient values of this model were +specified for land-based PV systems and are not necessarily representative +for FPV systems. + +In FPV systems, variations in heat loss coefficients are considerable, not +only due to differences in design but also because of geographic factors. +Systems with extensive water surfaces, closely packed modules, and restricted +airflow behind the modules generally exhibit lower heat loss coefficients +compared to those with smaller water surfaces and better airflow behind the +modules. + +For FPV systems installed over water without direct contact, the module's +operating temperature, much like in land-based systems, is mainly influenced +by the mounting structure (which significantly affects the U-value), wind, +and air temperature. Thus, factors that help reduce operating temperatures in +such systems include lower air temperatures and changes in air flow beneath +the modules (wind/convection). In some designs where the modules are in +direct thermal contact with water, cooling effectiveness is largely dictated +by the water temperature. + +The table below gives heat loss coefficients derrived for different systems +and locations as found in the literature. In this example, the FPV cell +temperature will be calculated using some of the coefficients below. + ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 +| System | Location |:math:`U_{c}` | :math:`U_{v}` | Reference | # noqa: E501 +| | |:math:`[W/(m^2 \cdot K)]` | :math:`[W/(m^3 \cdot K \cdot s)]`| | # noqa: E501 ++========================+=============+==========================+==================================+===========+ # noqa: E501 +| Monofacial module | Netherlands | 24.4 | 6.5 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 +| open structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 +| two-axis tracking | | | | | # noqa: E501 +| small water footprint | | | | | # noqa: E501 ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 +| Monofacial module | Netherlands | 25.2 | 3.7 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 +| closed structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 +| large water footprint | | | | | # noqa: E501 ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 +| Monofacial module | Singapore | 34.8 | 0.8 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 +| closed structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 +| large water footprint | | | | | # noqa: E501 ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 +| Monofacial module | Singapore | 18.9 | 8.9 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 +| closed stucuture | | | | | # noqa: E501 +| medium water footprint | | | | | # noqa: E501 ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 +| Monofacial module | Singapore | 35.3 | 8.9 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 +| open strucuture | | | | | # noqa: E501 +| free-standing | | | | | # noqa: E501 ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 +| Monofacial module | Norway | 86.5 | 0 | [2]_ | # noqa: E501 +| in contact with | | | | | # noqa: E501 +| water | | | | | # noqa: E501 | | | | # noqa: E501 ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 +| Monofacial module | South Italy | 31.9 | 1.5 | [3]_ | # noqa: E501 +| open structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 +| free-standing | | | | | # noqa: E501 ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 +| Bifacial module | South Italy | 35.2 | 1.5 | [3]_ | # noqa: E501 +| open structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 +| free-standing | | | | | # noqa: E501 ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 + +References +---------- +.. [1] Dörenkämper M., Wahed A., Kumar A., de Jong M., Kroon J., Reindl T. + (2021), 'The cooling effect of floating PV in two different climate zones: + A comparison of field test data from the Netherlands and Singapore' + Solar Energy, vol. 214, pp. 239-247, :doi:`10.1016/j.solener.2020.11.029`. + +.. [2] Kjeldstad T., Lindholm D., Marstein E., Selj J. (2021), 'Cooling of + floating photovoltaics and the importance of water temperature', Solar + Energy, vol. 218, pp. 544-551, :doi:`10.1016/j.solener.2021.03.022`. + +.. [3] Tina G.M., Scavo F.B., Merlo L., Bizzarri F. (2021), 'Comparative + analysis of monofacial and bifacial photovoltaic modules for floating + power plants', Applied Energy, vol 281, pp. 116084, + :doi:`10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116084`. +""" -# One of the primary benefits attributed to floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems -# is their lower operating temperatures, which are expected to increase the -# operating efficiency. In general, the temperature at which a photovoltaic -# module operates is influenced by various factors including solar radiation, -# ambient temperature, wind speed and direction, and the characteristics of the -# cell and module materials, as well as the mounting structure. Both radiative -# and convective heat transfers play roles in determining the module's -# temperature. -# -# One of the most common models for calculating the PV cell temperature is the -# empirical heat loss factor model suggested by Faiman and implemented in -# PVSyst (:py:func:`~pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell`). The PVSyst model for cell -# temperature :math:`T_{C}` is given by -# -# .. math:: -# :label: pvsyst -# -# T_{C} = T_{a} + \frac{\alpha E (1 - \eta_{m})}{U_{c} + U_{v} \times WS} -# -# Where :math:`E` is the plane-of-array irradiance, :math:`T_{a}` is the -# ambient air temperature, :math:`WS` is the wind speed, :math:`\alpha` is the -# absorbed fraction of the incident irradiance, :math:`\eta_{m}` is the -# electrical efficiency of the module, :math:`U0` is the wind-idependent heat -# loss coefficient, and :math:`U1` is the wind-dependent heat loss coefficient. -# -# However, the default heat loss coefficient values of this model were -# specified for land-based PV systems and are not necessarily representative -# for FPV systems. -# -# In FPV systems, variations in heat loss coefficients are considerable, not -# only due to differences in design but also because of geographic factors. -# Systems with extensive water surfaces, closely packed modules, and restricted -# airflow behind the modules generally exhibit lower heat loss coefficients -# compared to those with smaller water surfaces and better airflow behind the -# modules. -# -# For FPV systems installed over water without direct contact, the module's -# operating temperature, much like in land-based systems, is mainly influenced -# by the mounting structure (which significantly affects the U-value), wind, -# and air temperature. Thus, factors that help reduce operating temperatures in -# such systems include lower air temperatures and changes in air flow beneath -# the modules (wind/convection). In some designs where the modules are in -# direct thermal contact with water, cooling effectiveness is largely dictated -# by the water temperature. -# -# The table below gives heat loss coefficients derrived for different systems -# and locations as found in the literature. In this example, the FPV cell -# temperature will be calculated using some of the coefficients below. -# -# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 -# | System | Location |:math:`U_{c}` | :math:`U_{v}` | Reference | # noqa: E501 -# | | |:math:`[W/(m^2 \cdot K)]` | :math:`[W/(m^3 \cdot K \cdot s)]`| | # noqa: E501 -# +========================+=============+==========================+==================================+===========+ # noqa: E501 -# | Monofacial module | Netherlands | 24.4 | 6.5 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 -# | open structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 -# | two-axis tracking | | | | | # noqa: E501 -# | small water footprint | | | | | # noqa: E501 -# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 -# | Monofacial module | Netherlands | 25.2 | 3.7 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 -# | closed structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 -# | large water footprint | | | | | # noqa: E501 -# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 -# | Monofacial module | Singapore | 34.8 | 0.8 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 -# | closed structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 -# | large water footprint | | | | | # noqa: E501 -# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 -# | Monofacial module | Singapore | 18.9 | 8.9 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 -# | closed stucuture | | | | | # noqa: E501 -# | medium water footprint | | | | | # noqa: E501 -# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 -# | Monofacial module | Singapore | 35.3 | 8.9 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 -# | open strucuture | | | | | # noqa: E501 -# | free-standing | | | | | # noqa: E501 -# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 -# | Monofacial module | Norway | 86.5 | 0 | [2]_ | # noqa: E501 -# | in contact with | | | | | # noqa: E501 -# | water | | | | | # noqa: E501 | | | | # noqa: E501 -# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 -# | Monofacial module | South Italy | 31.9 | 1.5 | [3]_ | # noqa: E501 -# | open structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 -# | free-standing | | | | | # noqa: E501 -# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 -# | Bifacial module | South Italy | 35.2 | 1.5 | [3]_ | # noqa: E501 -# | open structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 -# | free-standing | | | | | # noqa: E501 -# +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 -# -# References -# ---------- -# .. [1] Dörenkämper M., Wahed A., Kumar A., de Jong M., Kroon J., Reindl T. -# (2021), 'The cooling effect of floating PV in two different climate zones: -# A comparison of field test data from the Netherlands and Singapore' -# Solar Energy, vol. 214, pp. 239-247, :doi:`10.1016/j.solener.2020.11.029`. -# -# .. [2] Kjeldstad T., Lindholm D., Marstein E., Selj J. (2021), 'Cooling of -# floating photovoltaics and the importance of water temperature', Solar -# Energy, vol. 218, pp. 544-551, :doi:`10.1016/j.solener.2021.03.022`. -# -# .. [3] Tina G.M., Scavo F.B., Merlo L., Bizzarri F. (2021), 'Comparative -# analysis of monofacial and bifacial photovoltaic modules for floating -# power plants', Applied Energy, vol 281, pp. 116084, -# :doi:`10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116084`. -# # %% # Read example weather data @@ -197,6 +195,7 @@ # %% # Plot the results # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + # Convert Dataframe Indexes to Hour:Minutes format to make plotting easier T_cell_floating.index = T_cell_floating.index.strftime("%H:%M") T_cell_land.index = T_cell_land.index.strftime("%H:%M") @@ -223,6 +222,8 @@ plt.tight_layout() plt.show() +#%% + # The above figure illustrates the necessity of choosing appropriate heat loss # coefficients when using the PVSyst model for calculating the cell temperature # for floating PV systems. A difference of up to 10 °C was obtained for the two From cec58e94ea5bd47cbbdbc8138902dbfb59ae533d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 18:18:53 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 05/58] formatting vol.2 --- .../floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 7 +++---- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 143a199f5c..8c09585187 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -""" +r""" Calculating the cell temperature for floating PV ================================================ @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ .. math:: :label: pvsyst - T_{C} = T_{a} + \frac{\alpha E (1 - \eta_{m})}{U_{c} + U_{v} \times WS} + T_{C} = T_{a} + \frac{\alpha E (1 - \eta_{m})}{U_{c} + U_{v} \cdot WS} Where :math:`E` is the plane-of-array irradiance, :math:`T_{a}` is the ambient air temperature, :math:`WS` is the wind speed, :math:`\alpha` is the @@ -222,8 +222,7 @@ plt.tight_layout() plt.show() -#%% - +# %% # The above figure illustrates the necessity of choosing appropriate heat loss # coefficients when using the PVSyst model for calculating the cell temperature # for floating PV systems. A difference of up to 10 °C was obtained for the two From 8f533c5c27f7acb143b7ac95585dc640412b2812 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 18:29:24 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 06/58] formatting vol.3 --- .../floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 10 ++++------ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 8c09585187..c1c46e2b41 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 | Monofacial module | Norway | 86.5 | 0 | [2]_ | # noqa: E501 | in contact with | | | | | # noqa: E501 -| water | | | | | # noqa: E501 | | | | # noqa: E501 +| water | | | | | # noqa: E501 +------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 | Monofacial module | South Italy | 31.9 | 1.5 | [3]_ | # noqa: E501 | open structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 @@ -110,7 +110,6 @@ """ # %% - # Read example weather data # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ # Read weather data from a TMY3 file and calculate the solar position and @@ -167,7 +166,6 @@ ) # %% - # Calculate cell temperature # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ # The temperature of the PV cell is calculated for a floating PV system located @@ -196,9 +194,9 @@ # Plot the results # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ -# Convert Dataframe Indexes to Hour:Minutes format to make plotting easier -T_cell_floating.index = T_cell_floating.index.strftime("%H:%M") -T_cell_land.index = T_cell_land.index.strftime("%H:%M") +# Convert Dataframe Indexes to Hour format to make plotting easier +T_cell_floating.index = T_cell_floating.index.strftime("%H") +T_cell_land.index = T_cell_land.index.strftime("%H") fig, axes = plt.subplots() axes.set( From e70106662f2d2c6774ca0bf61f1eb7018ae88097 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 18:38:33 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 07/58] formatting vol.4 --- .../plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 82 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 41 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index c1c46e2b41..5a232d0b69 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ .. math:: :label: pvsyst - T_{C} = T_{a} + \frac{\alpha E (1 - \eta_{m})}{U_{c} + U_{v} \cdot WS} + T_{C} = T_{a} + \frac{\alpha \cdot E \cdot (1 - \eta_{m})}{U_{c} + U_{v} \cdot WS} Where :math:`E` is the plane-of-array irradiance, :math:`T_{a}` is the ambient air temperature, :math:`WS` is the wind speed, :math:`\alpha` is the absorbed fraction of the incident irradiance, :math:`\eta_{m}` is the -electrical efficiency of the module, :math:`U0` is the wind-idependent heat -loss coefficient, and :math:`U1` is the wind-dependent heat loss coefficient. +electrical efficiency of the module, :math:`U_{c}` is the wind-idependent heat +loss coefficient, and :math:`U_{v}` is the wind-dependent heat loss coefficient. However, the default heat loss coefficient values of this model were specified for land-based PV systems and are not necessarily representative @@ -54,43 +54,43 @@ and locations as found in the literature. In this example, the FPV cell temperature will be calculated using some of the coefficients below. -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 -| System | Location |:math:`U_{c}` | :math:`U_{v}` | Reference | # noqa: E501 -| | |:math:`[W/(m^2 \cdot K)]` | :math:`[W/(m^3 \cdot K \cdot s)]`| | # noqa: E501 -+========================+=============+==========================+==================================+===========+ # noqa: E501 -| Monofacial module | Netherlands | 24.4 | 6.5 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 -| open structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 -| two-axis tracking | | | | | # noqa: E501 -| small water footprint | | | | | # noqa: E501 -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 -| Monofacial module | Netherlands | 25.2 | 3.7 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 -| closed structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 -| large water footprint | | | | | # noqa: E501 -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 -| Monofacial module | Singapore | 34.8 | 0.8 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 -| closed structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 -| large water footprint | | | | | # noqa: E501 -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 -| Monofacial module | Singapore | 18.9 | 8.9 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 -| closed stucuture | | | | | # noqa: E501 -| medium water footprint | | | | | # noqa: E501 -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 -| Monofacial module | Singapore | 35.3 | 8.9 | [1]_ | # noqa: E501 -| open strucuture | | | | | # noqa: E501 -| free-standing | | | | | # noqa: E501 -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 -| Monofacial module | Norway | 86.5 | 0 | [2]_ | # noqa: E501 -| in contact with | | | | | # noqa: E501 -| water | | | | | # noqa: E501 -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 -| Monofacial module | South Italy | 31.9 | 1.5 | [3]_ | # noqa: E501 -| open structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 -| free-standing | | | | | # noqa: E501 -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 -| Bifacial module | South Italy | 35.2 | 1.5 | [3]_ | # noqa: E501 -| open structure | | | | | # noqa: E501 -| free-standing | | | | | # noqa: E501 -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ # noqa: E501 ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ +| System | Location |:math:`U_{c}` | :math:`U_{v}` | Reference | +| | |:math:`[W/(m^2 \cdot K)]` | :math:`[W/(m^3 \cdot K \cdot s)]`| | ++========================+=============+==========================+==================================+===========+ +| Monofacial module | Netherlands | 24.4 | 6.5 | [1]_ | +| open structure | | | | | +| two-axis tracking | | | | | +| small water footprint | | | | | ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ +| Monofacial module | Netherlands | 25.2 | 3.7 | [1]_ | +| closed structure | | | | | +| large water footprint | | | | | ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ +| Monofacial module | Singapore | 34.8 | 0.8 | [1]_ | +| closed structure | | | | | +| large water footprint | | | | | ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ +| Monofacial module | Singapore | 18.9 | 8.9 | [1]_ | +| closed stucuture | | | | | +| medium water footprint | | | | | ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ +| Monofacial module | Singapore | 35.3 | 8.9 | [1]_ | +| open strucuture | | | | | +| free-standing | | | | | ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ +| Monofacial module | Norway | 86.5 | 0 | [2]_ | +| in contact with | | | | | +| water | | | | | ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ +| Monofacial module | South Italy | 31.9 | 1.5 | [3]_ | +| open structure | | | | | +| free-standing | | | | | ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ +| Bifacial module | South Italy | 35.2 | 1.5 | [3]_ | +| open structure | | | | | +| free-standing | | | | | ++------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ References ---------- @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ analysis of monofacial and bifacial photovoltaic modules for floating power plants', Applied Energy, vol 281, pp. 116084, :doi:`10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116084`. -""" +""" # noqa: E501 # %% # Read example weather data From 9e152e5c27f12ff94be321adbc28f7a0429f515a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 18:39:44 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 08/58] fixed linter --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 5a232d0b69..269a77ee72 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ analysis of monofacial and bifacial photovoltaic modules for floating power plants', Applied Energy, vol 281, pp. 116084, :doi:`10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116084`. -""" # noqa: E501 +""" # noqa: E501 # %% # Read example weather data From 5d0aef4fccaad170b3d28c592f5d9cb79193fc4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 18:56:06 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 09/58] formatting vol.5 --- .../plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 76 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 269a77ee72..f68da20ab8 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -54,43 +54,43 @@ and locations as found in the literature. In this example, the FPV cell temperature will be calculated using some of the coefficients below. -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ -| System | Location |:math:`U_{c}` | :math:`U_{v}` | Reference | -| | |:math:`[W/(m^2 \cdot K)]` | :math:`[W/(m^3 \cdot K \cdot s)]`| | -+========================+=============+==========================+==================================+===========+ -| Monofacial module | Netherlands | 24.4 | 6.5 | [1]_ | -| open structure | | | | | -| two-axis tracking | | | | | -| small water footprint | | | | | -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ -| Monofacial module | Netherlands | 25.2 | 3.7 | [1]_ | -| closed structure | | | | | -| large water footprint | | | | | -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ -| Monofacial module | Singapore | 34.8 | 0.8 | [1]_ | -| closed structure | | | | | -| large water footprint | | | | | -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ -| Monofacial module | Singapore | 18.9 | 8.9 | [1]_ | -| closed stucuture | | | | | -| medium water footprint | | | | | -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ -| Monofacial module | Singapore | 35.3 | 8.9 | [1]_ | -| open strucuture | | | | | -| free-standing | | | | | -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ -| Monofacial module | Norway | 86.5 | 0 | [2]_ | -| in contact with | | | | | -| water | | | | | -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ -| Monofacial module | South Italy | 31.9 | 1.5 | [3]_ | -| open structure | | | | | -| free-standing | | | | | -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ -| Bifacial module | South Italy | 35.2 | 1.5 | [3]_ | -| open structure | | | | | -| free-standing | | | | | -+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+ ++-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ +| System | Location |:math:`U_{c}` | :math:`U_{v}` | Reference | +| | |:math:`[\frac{W}{m^2 \cdot K}]` | :math:`[\frac{W}{m^3 \cdot K \cdot s}]`| | ++=========================+=============+================================+========================================+===========+ +| Monofacial module, | Netherlands | 24.4 | 6.5 | [1]_ | +| open structure, | | | | | +| two-axis tracking, | | | | | +| small water footprint | | | | | ++-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ +| Monofacial module, | Netherlands | 25.2 | 3.7 | [1]_ | +| closed structure, | | | | | +| large water footprint | | | | | ++-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ +| Monofacial module, | Singapore | 34.8 | 0.8 | [1]_ | +| closed structure, | | | | | +| large water footprint | | | | | ++-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ +| Monofacial module, | Singapore | 18.9 | 8.9 | [1]_ | +| closed stucuture, | | | | | +| medium water footprint | | | | | ++-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ +| Monofacial module, | Singapore | 35.3 | 8.9 | [1]_ | +| open strucuture, | | | | | +| free-standing | | | | | ++-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ +| Monofacial module, | Norway | 86.5 | 0 | [2]_ | +| in contact with | | | | | +| water | | | | | ++-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ +| Monofacial module, | South Italy | 31.9 | 1.5 | [3]_ | +| open structure, | | | | | +| free-standing | | | | | ++-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ +| Bifacial module, | South Italy | 35.2 | 1.5 | [3]_ | +| open structure, | | | | | +| free-standing | | | | | ++-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ References ---------- @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from pathlib import Path -# Assume a FPV system with the following specifications +# Assume a FPV system on a lake with the following specifications tilt = 30 # degrees azimuth = 180 # south-facing From d3c9567984c54b573ca4fed5a30391b737aebdb9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 19:04:24 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 10/58] formatting vol.6 --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index f68da20ab8..6b0830b998 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -215,6 +215,8 @@ label='Land-based PV coeff.' ) +axes.set_ylim(20,45) +axes.set_xlim('06','20') axes.grid() axes.legend(loc="upper left") plt.tight_layout() From f5cdf17c84d2c79bd9c2f64109e8caad6c499343 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 19:05:41 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 11/58] fixed linter --- .../examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 6b0830b998..8fe5b24600 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -215,8 +215,8 @@ label='Land-based PV coeff.' ) -axes.set_ylim(20,45) -axes.set_xlim('06','20') +axes.set_ylim(20, 45) +axes.set_xlim('06', '20') axes.grid() axes.legend(loc="upper left") plt.tight_layout() From 744685704e4ed5330ffa9919f3859e034b7977d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 28 Jun 2024 09:32:51 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 12/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Cliff Hansen --- .../examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 8fe5b24600..bc6aeca677 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ ================================================ This example demonstrates how to calculate the cell temperature for -floating PV systems using the PVSyst temperature model. +floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems using the PVSyst temperature model. -One of the primary benefits attributed to floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems +One of the primary benefits attributed to FPV systems is their lower operating temperatures, which are expected to increase the operating efficiency. In general, the temperature at which a photovoltaic module operates is influenced by various factors including solar radiation, From 84ea4a505b7da338e793834b0e832bb8c3dcc823 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 28 Jun 2024 09:33:09 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 13/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Cliff Hansen --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index bc6aeca677..91458a7919 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems using the PVSyst temperature model. One of the primary benefits attributed to FPV systems -is their lower operating temperatures, which are expected to increase the +is lower operating temperatures, which are expected to increase the operating efficiency. In general, the temperature at which a photovoltaic module operates is influenced by various factors including solar radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed and direction, and the characteristics of the From b393dc876e1f6d14ec3789f703988b52e64eb15a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 28 Jun 2024 09:33:28 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 14/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Cliff Hansen --- .../examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 91458a7919..7ed9a41acb 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ and convective heat transfers play roles in determining the module's temperature. -One of the most common models for calculating the PV cell temperature is the -empirical heat loss factor model suggested by Faiman and implemented in +A popular model for calculating the PV cell temperature is the +empirical heat loss factor model suggested by Faiman. A modified version of this model is implemented in PVSyst (:py:func:`~pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell`). The PVSyst model for cell temperature :math:`T_{C}` is given by From c68c899e9875cee270490998b85698dd03fd13a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Fri, 28 Jun 2024 09:46:01 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 15/58] Cliff's suggestions --- .../floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 5 +++-- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 7ed9a41acb..c458c31f53 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -15,8 +15,9 @@ temperature. A popular model for calculating the PV cell temperature is the -empirical heat loss factor model suggested by Faiman. A modified version of this model is implemented in -PVSyst (:py:func:`~pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell`). The PVSyst model for cell +empirical heat loss factor model suggested by Faiman. A modified version of +this model is implemented in PVSyst +(:py:func:`~pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell`). The PVSyst model for cell temperature :math:`T_{C}` is given by .. math:: From 7ca85cf4e0999ce58e13765125de3b20187006fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Fri, 28 Jun 2024 10:34:51 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 16/58] plot all sets of coefficients in a figure --- .../plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 97 ++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 42 insertions(+), 55 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index c458c31f53..a8a471d9a9 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -167,64 +167,51 @@ ) # %% -# Calculate cell temperature -# ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ -# The temperature of the PV cell is calculated for a floating PV system located -# on a lake: - -# Monnofacial floating module open strucuture -T_cell_floating = pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell( - poa_global=irradiance['poa_global'], - temp_air=tmy['temp_air'], - wind_speed=tmy['wind_speed'], - u_c=35.3, - u_v=8.9 -) - -# In order to idetify the effect of the heat loss coefficinets on the cell -# temperature, the PV cell temperature for the same system is calculated -# using the default coefficients of the equation. It should be noted that the -# default coefficeints were derrived for land-based systems. -T_cell_land = pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell( - poa_global=irradiance['poa_global'], - temp_air=tmy['temp_air'], - wind_speed=tmy['wind_speed'] -) - -# %% -# Plot the results -# ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -# Convert Dataframe Indexes to Hour format to make plotting easier -T_cell_floating.index = T_cell_floating.index.strftime("%H") -T_cell_land.index = T_cell_land.index.strftime("%H") - -fig, axes = plt.subplots() -axes.set( - xlabel="Hour", - ylabel="Temperature $[°C]$", - title="PV cell temperature for floating and land-based system" -) - -axes.plot( - T_cell_floating, - label='Floating PV coeff.' -) - -axes.plot( - T_cell_land, - label='Land-based PV coeff.' -) - -axes.set_ylim(20, 45) -axes.set_xlim('06', '20') -axes.grid() -axes.legend(loc="upper left") +# Calculate and plot cell temperature +# ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +# The temperature of the PV cell is calculated for lake-based floating PV +# systems: + +# Make a dictionary containing all the sets of coefficients presented in the +# above table. +heat_loss_coeffs = { + 'open_structure_small_footprint_tracking_NL': [24.4, 6.5], + 'closed_structure_large_footprint_NL': [25.2, 3.7], + 'closed_structure_large_footprint_SG': [34.8, 0.8], + 'closed_structure_medium_footprint_SG': [18.9, 8.9], + 'open_structure_free_standing_SG': [35.3, 8.9], + 'in_contact_with_water_NO': [86.5, 0], + 'open_strucutre_free_standing_IT': [31.9, 1.5], + 'open_strucutre_free_standing_bifacial_IT': [35.2, 1.5], + 'default_PVSyst_coeffs_for_land_systems': [29.0, 0] +} + +# Plot the cell temperature for each set of the above heat loss coefficients +for coeffs in heat_loss_coeffs: + T_cell = pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell( + poa_global=irradiance['poa_global'], + temp_air=tmy['temp_air'], + wind_speed=tmy['wind_speed'], + u_c=heat_loss_coeffs[coeffs][0], + u_v=heat_loss_coeffs[coeffs][1] + ) + # Convert Dataframe Indexes to Hour format to make plotting easier + T_cell.index = T_cell.index.strftime("%H") + plt.plot(T_cell, label=coeffs) + +plt.xlabel('Hour') +plt.ylabel('PV cell temperature\n$[°C]$') +plt.ylim(20, 45) +plt.xlim('06', '20') +plt.grid() +plt.legend(loc='upper left', frameon=False, ncols=2, fontsize='x-small', + bbox_to_anchor=(0, -0.2)) plt.tight_layout() plt.show() # %% # The above figure illustrates the necessity of choosing appropriate heat loss # coefficients when using the PVSyst model for calculating the cell temperature -# for floating PV systems. A difference of up to 10 °C was obtained for the two -# sets of coefficients. +# for floating PV systems. A difference of up to 11.5 °C was obtained when +# using the default PVSyst coefficients and the coefficients when the panels +# are in contact with water. From 379037de9d0a05132a291d30f4f66e8ccac4c3c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2024 14:10:26 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 17/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Echedey Luis <80125792+echedey-ls@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index a8a471d9a9..05bd86c678 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ plt.show() # %% -# The above figure illustrates the necessity of choosing appropriate heat loss +# The figure above illustrates the necessity of choosing appropriate heat loss # coefficients when using the PVSyst model for calculating the cell temperature # for floating PV systems. A difference of up to 11.5 °C was obtained when # using the default PVSyst coefficients and the coefficients when the panels From aca26d9c47e65f35047fe4acd2962bc318bb27bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2024 14:10:50 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 18/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Echedey Luis <80125792+echedey-ls@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 05bd86c678..d7538fd83a 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ direct thermal contact with water, cooling effectiveness is largely dictated by the water temperature. -The table below gives heat loss coefficients derrived for different systems +The table below gives heat loss coefficients derived for different systems and locations as found in the literature. In this example, the FPV cell temperature will be calculated using some of the coefficients below. From 730a090e655f3dfe5071276ff63f6c45432f3d4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2024 14:10:58 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 19/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Echedey Luis <80125792+echedey-ls@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index d7538fd83a..893120985b 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Where :math:`E` is the plane-of-array irradiance, :math:`T_{a}` is the ambient air temperature, :math:`WS` is the wind speed, :math:`\alpha` is the absorbed fraction of the incident irradiance, :math:`\eta_{m}` is the -electrical efficiency of the module, :math:`U_{c}` is the wind-idependent heat +electrical efficiency of the module, :math:`U_{c}` is the wind-independent heat loss coefficient, and :math:`U_{v}` is the wind-dependent heat loss coefficient. However, the default heat loss coefficient values of this model were From 811c7ecbf483736ab2efcebd6c81c7f751589b35 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2024 14:11:06 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 20/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Echedey Luis <80125792+echedey-ls@users.noreply.github.com> --- .../examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 893120985b..f22f8a715c 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ Calculating the cell temperature for floating PV ================================================ -This example demonstrates how to calculate the cell temperature for -floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems using the PVSyst temperature model. +This example uses the PVSyst temperature model to calculate the +cell temperature for floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems. One of the primary benefits attributed to FPV systems is lower operating temperatures, which are expected to increase the From 29065514403ba3f1de6b40915390dcf1dfd2c1df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2024 14:11:16 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 21/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Echedey Luis <80125792+echedey-ls@users.noreply.github.com> --- .../plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 76 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 39 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index f22f8a715c..3ba7c1fc10 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -55,43 +55,45 @@ and locations as found in the literature. In this example, the FPV cell temperature will be calculated using some of the coefficients below. -+-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ -| System | Location |:math:`U_{c}` | :math:`U_{v}` | Reference | -| | |:math:`[\frac{W}{m^2 \cdot K}]` | :math:`[\frac{W}{m^3 \cdot K \cdot s}]`| | -+=========================+=============+================================+========================================+===========+ -| Monofacial module, | Netherlands | 24.4 | 6.5 | [1]_ | -| open structure, | | | | | -| two-axis tracking, | | | | | -| small water footprint | | | | | -+-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ -| Monofacial module, | Netherlands | 25.2 | 3.7 | [1]_ | -| closed structure, | | | | | -| large water footprint | | | | | -+-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ -| Monofacial module, | Singapore | 34.8 | 0.8 | [1]_ | -| closed structure, | | | | | -| large water footprint | | | | | -+-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ -| Monofacial module, | Singapore | 18.9 | 8.9 | [1]_ | -| closed stucuture, | | | | | -| medium water footprint | | | | | -+-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ -| Monofacial module, | Singapore | 35.3 | 8.9 | [1]_ | -| open strucuture, | | | | | -| free-standing | | | | | -+-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ -| Monofacial module, | Norway | 86.5 | 0 | [2]_ | -| in contact with | | | | | -| water | | | | | -+-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ -| Monofacial module, | South Italy | 31.9 | 1.5 | [3]_ | -| open structure, | | | | | -| free-standing | | | | | -+-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ -| Bifacial module, | South Italy | 35.2 | 1.5 | [3]_ | -| open structure, | | | | | -| free-standing | | | | | -+-------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ +.. table:: Heat transfer coefficients for different PV systems + :widths: 40 15 15 15 15 + + +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ + | System | Location |:math:`U_{c}` | :math:`U_{v}` | Reference | + | | |:math:`[\frac{W}{m^2 \cdot K}]` | :math:`[\frac{W}{m^3 \cdot K \cdot s}]`| | + +==========================+=============+================================+========================================+===========+ + | - Monofacial module | Netherlands | 24.4 | 6.5 | [1]_ | + | - Open structure | | | | | + | - Two-axis tracking | | | | | + | - Small water footprint | | | | | + +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ + | - Monofacial module | Netherlands | 25.2 | 3.7 | [1]_ | + | - Closed structure | | | | | + | - Large water footprint | | | | | + +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ + | - Monofacial module | Singapore | 34.8 | 0.8 | [1]_ | + | - Closed structure | | | | | + | - Large water footprint | | | | | + +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ + | - Monofacial module | Singapore | 18.9 | 8.9 | [1]_ | + | - Closed structure | | | | | + | - Medium water footprint | | | | | + +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ + | - Monofacial module | Singapore | 35.3 | 8.9 | [1]_ | + | - Open structure | | | | | + | - Free-standing | | | | | + +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ + | - Monofacial module | Norway | 86.5 | 0 | [2]_ | + | - In contact with water | | | | | + +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ + | - Monofacial module | South Italy | 31.9 | 1.5 | [3]_ | + | - Open structure | | | | | + | - Free-standing | | | | | + +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ + | - Bifacial module | South Italy | 35.2 | 1.5 | [3]_ | + | - Open structure | | | | | + | - Free-standing | | | | | + +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ References ---------- From 7993bbf988f9441ca2d49a79682b3d191ef693a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2024 14:19:48 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 22/58] Added watsnew --- docs/sphinx/source/whatsnew/v0.11.1.rst | 5 +++-- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/sphinx/source/whatsnew/v0.11.1.rst b/docs/sphinx/source/whatsnew/v0.11.1.rst index aa2205bb43..dbacc5dcb1 100644 --- a/docs/sphinx/source/whatsnew/v0.11.1.rst +++ b/docs/sphinx/source/whatsnew/v0.11.1.rst @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Testing Documentation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - +* Gallery example on cell temperature for floating PV. (:pull:`2110`) Requirements ~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -30,4 +30,5 @@ Requirements Contributors ~~~~~~~~~~~~ - +* Ioannis Sifnaios (:ghuser:`IoannisSifnaios`) +* :ghuser:`lmicheli` From ccdc288bbb65d11220a331b763a76a3b935013e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2024 14:25:58 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 23/58] Cliff's review vol.2 --- .../plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 15 +++++++-------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 3ba7c1fc10..5060a7bf74 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -42,14 +42,13 @@ compared to those with smaller water surfaces and better airflow behind the modules. -For FPV systems installed over water without direct contact, the module's -operating temperature, much like in land-based systems, is mainly influenced -by the mounting structure (which significantly affects the U-value), wind, -and air temperature. Thus, factors that help reduce operating temperatures in -such systems include lower air temperatures and changes in air flow beneath -the modules (wind/convection). In some designs where the modules are in -direct thermal contact with water, cooling effectiveness is largely dictated -by the water temperature. +For FPV systems, the module's operating temperature, much like in land-based +systems, is mainly influenced by the mounting structure (which significantly +affects both U-value coefficients), wind, and air temperature. Thus, factors +that help reduce operating temperatures in such systems include lower air +temperatures and changes in air flow beneath the modules (wind/convection). +In some designs where the modules are in direct thermal contact with water, +cooling effectiveness is largely dictated by the water temperature. The table below gives heat loss coefficients derived for different systems and locations as found in the literature. In this example, the FPV cell From 11cb899b5441e91dacfe1cad16516b76ac367405 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2024 15:14:25 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 24/58] Update table and plot with extra coeffs --- .../plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 57 ++++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 5060a7bf74..c97be37c28 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -63,33 +63,38 @@ +==========================+=============+================================+========================================+===========+ | - Monofacial module | Netherlands | 24.4 | 6.5 | [1]_ | | - Open structure | | | | | - | - Two-axis tracking | | | | | + | - Two-axis tracking | | 57 | 0 | | | - Small water footprint | | | | | +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ | - Monofacial module | Netherlands | 25.2 | 3.7 | [1]_ | | - Closed structure | | | | | - | - Large water footprint | | | | | + | - Large water footprint | | 37 | 0 | | +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ | - Monofacial module | Singapore | 34.8 | 0.8 | [1]_ | | - Closed structure | | | | | - | - Large water footprint | | | | | + | - Large water footprint | | 36 | 0 | | +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ | - Monofacial module | Singapore | 18.9 | 8.9 | [1]_ | | - Closed structure | | | | | - | - Medium water footprint | | | | | + | - Medium water footprint | | 41 | 0 | | +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ | - Monofacial module | Singapore | 35.3 | 8.9 | [1]_ | | - Open structure | | | | | - | - Free-standing | | | | | + | - Free-standing | | 55 | 0 | | +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ | - Monofacial module | Norway | 86.5 | 0 | [2]_ | | - In contact with water | | | | | +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ - | - Monofacial module | South Italy | 31.9 | 1.5 | [3]_ | + | - Monofacial module | Norway | 71 | 0 | [3]_ | + | - In contact with water | | | | | + | - Using water temperature| | | | | + | instead of air | | | | | + +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ + | - Monofacial module | South Italy | 31.9 | 1.5 | [4]_ | | - Open structure | | | | | | - Free-standing | | | | | +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ - | - Bifacial module | South Italy | 35.2 | 1.5 | [3]_ | + | - Bifacial module | South Italy | 35.2 | 1.5 | [4]_ | | - Open structure | | | | | | - Free-standing | | | | | +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ @@ -101,11 +106,15 @@ A comparison of field test data from the Netherlands and Singapore' Solar Energy, vol. 214, pp. 239-247, :doi:`10.1016/j.solener.2020.11.029`. -.. [2] Kjeldstad T., Lindholm D., Marstein E., Selj J. (2021), 'Cooling of +.. [2] Lindholm D., Kjeldstad T., Selj J., Marstein E.S., Fjær H.G. (2021), + 'Heat loss coefficients computed for floating PV modules', Progress in + Photovoltaics, vol. 29, pp. 1262-1273, :doi:`10.1002/pip.34511262`. + +.. [3] Kjeldstad T., Lindholm D., Marstein E., Selj J. (2021), 'Cooling of floating photovoltaics and the importance of water temperature', Solar Energy, vol. 218, pp. 544-551, :doi:`10.1016/j.solener.2021.03.022`. -.. [3] Tina G.M., Scavo F.B., Merlo L., Bizzarri F. (2021), 'Comparative +.. [4] Tina G.M., Scavo F.B., Merlo L., Bizzarri F. (2021), 'Comparative analysis of monofacial and bifacial photovoltaic modules for floating power plants', Applied Energy, vol 281, pp. 116084, :doi:`10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116084`. @@ -171,20 +180,27 @@ # Calculate and plot cell temperature # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ # The temperature of the PV cell is calculated for lake-based floating PV -# systems: +# systems. Note that for the systems having two sets of heat loss coefficients +# only one of the sets was used since the results are almost identical and it +# would be hard to distinguish the lines in the figure. # Make a dictionary containing all the sets of coefficients presented in the # above table. heat_loss_coeffs = { - 'open_structure_small_footprint_tracking_NL': [24.4, 6.5], - 'closed_structure_large_footprint_NL': [25.2, 3.7], - 'closed_structure_large_footprint_SG': [34.8, 0.8], - 'closed_structure_medium_footprint_SG': [18.9, 8.9], - 'open_structure_free_standing_SG': [35.3, 8.9], - 'in_contact_with_water_NO': [86.5, 0], - 'open_strucutre_free_standing_IT': [31.9, 1.5], - 'open_strucutre_free_standing_bifacial_IT': [35.2, 1.5], - 'default_PVSyst_coeffs_for_land_systems': [29.0, 0] + 'open_structure_small_footprint_tracking_NL': [24.4, 6.5, 'C0', 'solid'], + 'open_structure_small_footprint_tracking_NL_2': [57, 0, 'C0', 'dashed'], + 'closed_structure_large_footprint_NL': [25.2, 3.7, 'C1', 'solid'], + 'closed_structure_large_footprint_NL_2': [37, 0, 'C1', 'dashed'], + 'closed_structure_large_footprint_SG': [34.8, 0.8, 'C2', 'solid'], + 'closed_structure_large_footprint_SG_2': [36, 0, 'C2', 'dashed'], + 'closed_structure_medium_footprint_SG': [18.9, 8.9, 'C3', 'solid'], + 'closed_structure_medium_footprint_SG_2': [41, 0, 'C3', 'dashed'], + 'open_structure_free_standing_SG': [35.3, 8.9, 'C4', 'solid'], + 'open_structure_free_standing_SG_2': [55, 0, 'C4', 'dashed'], + 'in_contact_with_water_NO': [86.5, 0, 'C5', 'solid'], + 'open_strucutre_free_standing_IT': [31.9, 1.5, 'C6', 'solid'], + 'open_strucutre_free_standing_bifacial_IT': [35.2, 1.5, 'C7', 'solid'], + 'default_PVSyst_coeffs_for_land_systems': [29.0, 0, 'C8', 'solid'] } # Plot the cell temperature for each set of the above heat loss coefficients @@ -198,7 +214,8 @@ ) # Convert Dataframe Indexes to Hour format to make plotting easier T_cell.index = T_cell.index.strftime("%H") - plt.plot(T_cell, label=coeffs) + plt.plot(T_cell, label=coeffs, c=heat_loss_coeffs[coeffs][2], + ls=heat_loss_coeffs[coeffs][3]) plt.xlabel('Hour') plt.ylabel('PV cell temperature\n$[°C]$') From f4a7fee27b21a93d7636b088781a62d47880d487 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2024 16:01:50 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 25/58] Formatting --- .../plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 41 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index c97be37c28..df91225ede 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -82,19 +82,16 @@ | - Open structure | | | | | | - Free-standing | | 55 | 0 | | +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ - | - Monofacial module | Norway | 86.5 | 0 | [2]_ | + | - Monofacial module | Norway | 71 | 0 | [2]_ | | - In contact with water | | | | | + | - Calculated using water | | | | | + | temperature as T_{amb} | | | | | +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ - | - Monofacial module | Norway | 71 | 0 | [3]_ | - | - In contact with water | | | | | - | - Using water temperature| | | | | - | instead of air | | | | | - +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ - | - Monofacial module | South Italy | 31.9 | 1.5 | [4]_ | + | - Monofacial module | South Italy | 31.9 | 1.5 | [3]_ | | - Open structure | | | | | | - Free-standing | | | | | +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ - | - Bifacial module | South Italy | 35.2 | 1.5 | [4]_ | + | - Bifacial module | South Italy | 35.2 | 1.5 | [3]_ | | - Open structure | | | | | | - Free-standing | | | | | +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ @@ -106,15 +103,11 @@ A comparison of field test data from the Netherlands and Singapore' Solar Energy, vol. 214, pp. 239-247, :doi:`10.1016/j.solener.2020.11.029`. -.. [2] Lindholm D., Kjeldstad T., Selj J., Marstein E.S., Fjær H.G. (2021), - 'Heat loss coefficients computed for floating PV modules', Progress in - Photovoltaics, vol. 29, pp. 1262-1273, :doi:`10.1002/pip.34511262`. - -.. [3] Kjeldstad T., Lindholm D., Marstein E., Selj J. (2021), 'Cooling of +.. [2] Kjeldstad T., Lindholm D., Marstein E., Selj J. (2021), 'Cooling of floating photovoltaics and the importance of water temperature', Solar Energy, vol. 218, pp. 544-551, :doi:`10.1016/j.solener.2021.03.022`. -.. [4] Tina G.M., Scavo F.B., Merlo L., Bizzarri F. (2021), 'Comparative +.. [3] Tina G.M., Scavo F.B., Merlo L., Bizzarri F. (2021), 'Comparative analysis of monofacial and bifacial photovoltaic modules for floating power plants', Applied Energy, vol 281, pp. 116084, :doi:`10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116084`. @@ -180,9 +173,7 @@ # Calculate and plot cell temperature # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ # The temperature of the PV cell is calculated for lake-based floating PV -# systems. Note that for the systems having two sets of heat loss coefficients -# only one of the sets was used since the results are almost identical and it -# would be hard to distinguish the lines in the figure. +# systems. # Make a dictionary containing all the sets of coefficients presented in the # above table. @@ -197,7 +188,7 @@ 'closed_structure_medium_footprint_SG_2': [41, 0, 'C3', 'dashed'], 'open_structure_free_standing_SG': [35.3, 8.9, 'C4', 'solid'], 'open_structure_free_standing_SG_2': [55, 0, 'C4', 'dashed'], - 'in_contact_with_water_NO': [86.5, 0, 'C5', 'solid'], + 'in_contact_with_water_NO': [71, 0, 'C5', 'solid'], 'open_strucutre_free_standing_IT': [31.9, 1.5, 'C6', 'solid'], 'open_strucutre_free_standing_bifacial_IT': [35.2, 1.5, 'C7', 'solid'], 'default_PVSyst_coeffs_for_land_systems': [29.0, 0, 'C8', 'solid'] @@ -215,7 +206,7 @@ # Convert Dataframe Indexes to Hour format to make plotting easier T_cell.index = T_cell.index.strftime("%H") plt.plot(T_cell, label=coeffs, c=heat_loss_coeffs[coeffs][2], - ls=heat_loss_coeffs[coeffs][3]) + ls=heat_loss_coeffs[coeffs][3], alpha=0.8) plt.xlabel('Hour') plt.ylabel('PV cell temperature\n$[°C]$') @@ -230,6 +221,16 @@ # %% # The figure above illustrates the necessity of choosing appropriate heat loss # coefficients when using the PVSyst model for calculating the cell temperature -# for floating PV systems. A difference of up to 11.5 °C was obtained when +# for floating PV systems. A difference of up to 10.3 °C was obtained when # using the default PVSyst coefficients and the coefficients when the panels # are in contact with water. +# +# It should be noted that, for the systems having both a single U-value and +# a combination of Uc and Uv, approximately the same results were obtained +# in the literature. However, in this example, there is a difference in the +# calculated cell temperatures. The reason is that the wind speed in the +# presented example is probably quite different than the one measured +# in the corresponding test sites, making the division between +# wind-dependent and -independent heat loss coefficients less accurate for wide +# use. Thus, it is suggested to use the single heat loss U-values for system +# simulations. From 22f005e927b543f14c0755aeb6e1f1f1f424d70d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2024 16:11:47 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 26/58] add math mode to Tamb --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index df91225ede..2bb6f9e7b7 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -85,7 +85,8 @@ | - Monofacial module | Norway | 71 | 0 | [2]_ | | - In contact with water | | | | | | - Calculated using water | | | | | - | temperature as T_{amb} | | | | | + | temperature as | | | | | + | :math:` T_{amb}` | | | | | +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ | - Monofacial module | South Italy | 31.9 | 1.5 | [3]_ | | - Open structure | | | | | From c8f3a1e5cd4b6cca34bc1048dd9e91dd70ff4d69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2024 16:20:36 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 27/58] typo fix --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 2bb6f9e7b7..ea6f59c015 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ | - In contact with water | | | | | | - Calculated using water | | | | | | temperature as | | | | | - | :math:` T_{amb}` | | | | | + | :math:`T_{amb}` | | | | | +--------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ | - Monofacial module | South Italy | 31.9 | 1.5 | [3]_ | | - Open structure | | | | | From e233e0696befed1334f2e595e457a961903a6b3b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2024 16:57:08 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 28/58] leo's suggestion vol.2 --- .../examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index ea6f59c015..b71c614287 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -30,6 +30,10 @@ absorbed fraction of the incident irradiance, :math:`\eta_{m}` is the electrical efficiency of the module, :math:`U_{c}` is the wind-independent heat loss coefficient, and :math:`U_{v}` is the wind-dependent heat loss coefficient. +It should be noted that in many cases, similar to land-based PV systems, +the wind-dependent heat loss coefficient (:math:`U_{v}`) can be set to zero, +and the denominator is thus reduced to a single U-value equal to the +wind-independent (:math:`U_{c}`) heat loss coefficient. However, the default heat loss coefficient values of this model were specified for land-based PV systems and are not necessarily representative From b27e9503613440c8566edab012c5ce3076db880e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Tue, 2 Jul 2024 19:29:15 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 29/58] update whatsnew --- docs/sphinx/source/whatsnew/v0.11.1.rst | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/sphinx/source/whatsnew/v0.11.1.rst b/docs/sphinx/source/whatsnew/v0.11.1.rst index 7296b12bc9..7c97f82855 100644 --- a/docs/sphinx/source/whatsnew/v0.11.1.rst +++ b/docs/sphinx/source/whatsnew/v0.11.1.rst @@ -34,6 +34,6 @@ Requirements Contributors ~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Ioannis Sifnaios (:ghuser:`IoannisSifnaios`) -* :ghuser:`lmicheli` +* Leonardo Micheli (:ghuser:`lmicheli`) * Echedey Luis (:ghuser:`echedey-ls`) From 13a5e6f8fd0cfaa519dc8e2cb5b8c5b562e22e49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 10:21:26 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 30/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Kevin Anderson --- .../examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index b71c614287..c020754f4b 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -194,8 +194,8 @@ 'open_structure_free_standing_SG': [35.3, 8.9, 'C4', 'solid'], 'open_structure_free_standing_SG_2': [55, 0, 'C4', 'dashed'], 'in_contact_with_water_NO': [71, 0, 'C5', 'solid'], - 'open_strucutre_free_standing_IT': [31.9, 1.5, 'C6', 'solid'], - 'open_strucutre_free_standing_bifacial_IT': [35.2, 1.5, 'C7', 'solid'], + 'open_structure_free_standing_IT': [31.9, 1.5, 'C6', 'solid'], + 'open_structure_free_standing_bifacial_IT': [35.2, 1.5, 'C7', 'solid'], 'default_PVSyst_coeffs_for_land_systems': [29.0, 0, 'C8', 'solid'] } From 9e4f800a87cd46f7d820507e7a528b9c8100781d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 10:23:40 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 31/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: RDaxini <143435106+RDaxini@users.noreply.github.com> --- .../floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index c020754f4b..8778873473 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ empirical heat loss factor model suggested by Faiman. A modified version of this model is implemented in PVSyst (:py:func:`~pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell`). The PVSyst model for cell -temperature :math:`T_{C}` is given by +temperature :math:`T_{C}` is given by: .. math:: :label: pvsyst - T_{C} = T_{a} + \frac{\alpha \cdot E \cdot (1 - \eta_{m})}{U_{c} + U_{v} \cdot WS} + T_{C} = T_{a} + \frac{\alpha \cdot E \cdot (1 - \eta_{m})}{U_{c} + U_{v} \cdot WS}, -Where :math:`E` is the plane-of-array irradiance, :math:`T_{a}` is the +where :math:`E` is the plane-of-array irradiance, :math:`T_{a}` is the ambient air temperature, :math:`WS` is the wind speed, :math:`\alpha` is the absorbed fraction of the incident irradiance, :math:`\eta_{m}` is the electrical efficiency of the module, :math:`U_{c}` is the wind-independent heat From aa9639b6c641d2f53df7939c37dba976bac007b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 10:24:01 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 32/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: RDaxini <143435106+RDaxini@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 8778873473..6b39f1989c 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ affects both U-value coefficients), wind, and air temperature. Thus, factors that help reduce operating temperatures in such systems include lower air temperatures and changes in air flow beneath the modules (wind/convection). -In some designs where the modules are in direct thermal contact with water, +In some designs, where the modules are in direct thermal contact with water, cooling effectiveness is largely dictated by the water temperature. The table below gives heat loss coefficients derived for different systems From 5ae1d09fb37a22203aed34b821574585b7856454 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 10:24:17 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 33/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: RDaxini <143435106+RDaxini@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 6b39f1989c..e2bbfc80ba 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ However, the default heat loss coefficient values of this model were specified for land-based PV systems and are not necessarily representative -for FPV systems. +of FPV systems. In FPV systems, variations in heat loss coefficients are considerable, not only due to differences in design but also because of geographic factors. From dfbb43d2efc6a79f431fa8dbf3a494e87228d935 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 10:24:54 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 34/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: RDaxini <143435106+RDaxini@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index e2bbfc80ba..ce91705364 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ # %% # The figure above illustrates the necessity of choosing appropriate heat loss # coefficients when using the PVSyst model for calculating the cell temperature -# for floating PV systems. A difference of up to 10.3 °C was obtained when +# for floating PV systems. A difference of up to 10.3°C was obtained when # using the default PVSyst coefficients and the coefficients when the panels # are in contact with water. # From c889be78e07bb3451aed3f339b7e6bdf24578151 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 10:25:25 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 35/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: RDaxini <143435106+RDaxini@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index ce91705364..cdda52856a 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ It should be noted that in many cases, similar to land-based PV systems, the wind-dependent heat loss coefficient (:math:`U_{v}`) can be set to zero, and the denominator is thus reduced to a single U-value equal to the -wind-independent (:math:`U_{c}`) heat loss coefficient. +wind-independent heat loss coefficient (:math:`U_{c}`). However, the default heat loss coefficient values of this model were specified for land-based PV systems and are not necessarily representative From 17e0ceb3108a4b6f7a5313d4b893e02dffdbddd7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 10:25:41 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 36/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: RDaxini <143435106+RDaxini@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index cdda52856a..0448509db4 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ temperature. A popular model for calculating the PV cell temperature is the -empirical heat loss factor model suggested by Faiman. A modified version of +empirical heat loss factor model suggested by Faiman (:py:func:`pvlib.temperature.faiman`). A modified version of this model is implemented in PVSyst (:py:func:`~pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell`). The PVSyst model for cell temperature :math:`T_{C}` is given by: From 11c650453fca05ff7693482d1de96791596a65d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 11:09:26 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 37/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: RDaxini <143435106+RDaxini@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 0448509db4..67a8a70a1c 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ # are in contact with water. # # It should be noted that, for the systems having both a single U-value and -# a combination of Uc and Uv, approximately the same results were obtained +# a combination of :math:`U_c` and :math:`U_v`, approximately the same results were obtained # in the literature. However, in this example, there is a difference in the # calculated cell temperatures. The reason is that the wind speed in the # presented example is probably quite different than the one measured From 44e26bdb0c1fe71696cac05ad53849ba27822aa9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 11:46:22 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 38/58] fixed linter and removed last sentence --- .../plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 21 ++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 67a8a70a1c..27577b7af9 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ temperature. A popular model for calculating the PV cell temperature is the -empirical heat loss factor model suggested by Faiman (:py:func:`pvlib.temperature.faiman`). A modified version of -this model is implemented in PVSyst -(:py:func:`~pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell`). The PVSyst model for cell -temperature :math:`T_{C}` is given by: +empirical heat loss factor model suggested by Faiman +(:py:func:`pvlib.temperature.faiman`). A modified version of this model is +implemented in PVSyst (:py:func:`~pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell`). +The PVSyst model for cell temperature :math:`T_{C}` is given by: .. math:: :label: pvsyst @@ -231,11 +231,8 @@ # are in contact with water. # # It should be noted that, for the systems having both a single U-value and -# a combination of :math:`U_c` and :math:`U_v`, approximately the same results were obtained -# in the literature. However, in this example, there is a difference in the -# calculated cell temperatures. The reason is that the wind speed in the -# presented example is probably quite different than the one measured -# in the corresponding test sites, making the division between -# wind-dependent and -independent heat loss coefficients less accurate for wide -# use. Thus, it is suggested to use the single heat loss U-values for system -# simulations. +# a combination of :math:`U_c` and :math:`U_v`, approximately the same results +# were obtained in the literature. However, in this example, there is a +# difference in the calculated cell temperatures. The reason is that the wind +# speed in the presented example is probably quite different than the one +# measured in the corresponding test sites. From f0b4958d87f2df71c9fc428181b405b280b96f4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 11:59:14 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 39/58] minor edit --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 27577b7af9..37a0d38e98 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ A popular model for calculating the PV cell temperature is the empirical heat loss factor model suggested by Faiman -(:py:func:`pvlib.temperature.faiman`). A modified version of this model is +(:py:func:`~pvlib.temperature.faiman`). A modified version of this model is implemented in PVSyst (:py:func:`~pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell`). The PVSyst model for cell temperature :math:`T_{C}` is given by: From 4f2621c78ad676ea04013d94afd2e8d257d123c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2024 12:07:23 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 40/58] text edits --- .../floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 6 ++++-- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 37a0d38e98..239f80a667 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -55,8 +55,10 @@ cooling effectiveness is largely dictated by the water temperature. The table below gives heat loss coefficients derived for different systems -and locations as found in the literature. In this example, the FPV cell -temperature will be calculated using some of the coefficients below. +and locations as found in the literature. It should be noted that, for some +systems, there are two sets of coefficients, where the second set uses only +one heat loss coefficient (i.e., only :math:`U_{c}`). In this example, the FPV +cell temperature will be calculated using the coefficients below. .. table:: Heat transfer coefficients for different PV systems :widths: 40 15 15 15 15 From 3fa67fa334b034aabc3309aac05f365604db3f04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:02:00 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 41/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Adam R. Jensen <39184289+AdamRJensen@users.noreply.github.com> --- .../floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 9 +++------ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 239f80a667..f7fa344c53 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -232,9 +232,6 @@ # using the default PVSyst coefficients and the coefficients when the panels # are in contact with water. # -# It should be noted that, for the systems having both a single U-value and -# a combination of :math:`U_c` and :math:`U_v`, approximately the same results -# were obtained in the literature. However, in this example, there is a -# difference in the calculated cell temperatures. The reason is that the wind -# speed in the presented example is probably quite different than the one -# measured in the corresponding test sites. +# It should be noted that, using the single combined U-value versus the +# :math:`U_c` and :math:`U_v` gives significantly different results, even +# when using the coefficients derived from the same system. From dbd5232c3ef17165e2012477d988eee56d6d71d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:02:13 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 42/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Adam R. Jensen <39184289+AdamRJensen@users.noreply.github.com> --- .../floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index f7fa344c53..2fab1b2901 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -228,9 +228,9 @@ # %% # The figure above illustrates the necessity of choosing appropriate heat loss # coefficients when using the PVSyst model for calculating the cell temperature -# for floating PV systems. A difference of up to 10.3°C was obtained when -# using the default PVSyst coefficients and the coefficients when the panels -# are in contact with water. +# for floating PV systems. A difference of up to 10.3 °C was obtained when +# using the default PVSyst coefficients versus using coefficients for systems +# where panels are in contact with water. # # It should be noted that, using the single combined U-value versus the # :math:`U_c` and :math:`U_v` gives significantly different results, even From 0ffd7bc440f05e0531bb11537867e61be38c3cba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:02:21 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 43/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Adam R. Jensen <39184289+AdamRJensen@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 2fab1b2901..c7359248e6 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ plt.xlabel('Hour') plt.ylabel('PV cell temperature\n$[°C]$') -plt.ylim(20, 45) +plt.ylim(10, 45) plt.xlim('06', '20') plt.grid() plt.legend(loc='upper left', frameon=False, ncols=2, fontsize='x-small', From 5380561ac0ef323aae86a90c4c5caa402dc61938 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:02:31 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 44/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Adam R. Jensen <39184289+AdamRJensen@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index c7359248e6..8c459ed7e6 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ ls=heat_loss_coeffs[coeffs][3], alpha=0.8) plt.xlabel('Hour') -plt.ylabel('PV cell temperature\n$[°C]$') +plt.ylabel('PV cell temperature [°C]') plt.ylim(10, 45) plt.xlim('06', '20') plt.grid() From 7a16416bff6e99ce296ff82ec82df93c78ee5faf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:02:43 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 45/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Adam R. Jensen <39184289+AdamRJensen@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 3 +-- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 8c459ed7e6..1802a18912 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -57,8 +57,7 @@ The table below gives heat loss coefficients derived for different systems and locations as found in the literature. It should be noted that, for some systems, there are two sets of coefficients, where the second set uses only -one heat loss coefficient (i.e., only :math:`U_{c}`). In this example, the FPV -cell temperature will be calculated using the coefficients below. +one heat loss coefficient (i.e., only :math:`U_{c}`). .. table:: Heat transfer coefficients for different PV systems :widths: 40 15 15 15 15 From b42666ef37d3b375607e3716365b5c42d32d800c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:03:03 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 46/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Adam R. Jensen <39184289+AdamRJensen@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 1802a18912..4cab162699 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ In some designs, where the modules are in direct thermal contact with water, cooling effectiveness is largely dictated by the water temperature. -The table below gives heat loss coefficients derived for different systems +The table below gives heat loss coefficients derived for different FPV systems and locations as found in the literature. It should be noted that, for some systems, there are two sets of coefficients, where the second set uses only one heat loss coefficient (i.e., only :math:`U_{c}`). From 25e8302dfeaf331379adb4fe5778d5133dde1293 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:03:18 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 47/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Adam R. Jensen <39184289+AdamRJensen@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 4cab162699..af87ec2140 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ A popular model for calculating the PV cell temperature is the empirical heat loss factor model suggested by Faiman -(:py:func:`~pvlib.temperature.faiman`). A modified version of this model is +(:py:func:`pvlib.temperature.faiman`). A modified version of this model is implemented in PVSyst (:py:func:`~pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell`). The PVSyst model for cell temperature :math:`T_{C}` is given by: From a3c024f14a91b365bc128d2fbc08d292ab8d9cb4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:03:32 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 48/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Adam R. Jensen <39184289+AdamRJensen@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index af87ec2140..7644709bb5 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ A popular model for calculating the PV cell temperature is the empirical heat loss factor model suggested by Faiman (:py:func:`pvlib.temperature.faiman`). A modified version of this model is -implemented in PVSyst (:py:func:`~pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell`). +has been proposed by PVSyst (:py:func:`~pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell`). The PVSyst model for cell temperature :math:`T_{C}` is given by: .. math:: From 7bd40bd8385601d7caa680602eda551b6b7526fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:03:49 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 49/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Adam R. Jensen <39184289+AdamRJensen@users.noreply.github.com> --- .../examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 7644709bb5..250e910730 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ loss coefficient, and :math:`U_{v}` is the wind-dependent heat loss coefficient. It should be noted that in many cases, similar to land-based PV systems, the wind-dependent heat loss coefficient (:math:`U_{v}`) can be set to zero, -and the denominator is thus reduced to a single U-value equal to the -wind-independent heat loss coefficient (:math:`U_{c}`). +and the denominator is thus reduced to a single combined U-value +(:math:`U_{c}`). However, the default heat loss coefficient values of this model were specified for land-based PV systems and are not necessarily representative From a358d121e843d1c5d9050a063460ac4ed8f47a4b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:04:02 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 50/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Adam R. Jensen <39184289+AdamRJensen@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 250e910730..62317b16c1 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ and the denominator is thus reduced to a single combined U-value (:math:`U_{c}`). -However, the default heat loss coefficient values of this model were +However, the default heat loss coefficient values of the PVSyst model were specified for land-based PV systems and are not necessarily representative of FPV systems. From ed2a942267f9e2b864407d281c0f35f8e931210f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:04:17 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 51/58] Update docs/sphinx/source/whatsnew/v0.11.1.rst Co-authored-by: Adam R. Jensen <39184289+AdamRJensen@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/sphinx/source/whatsnew/v0.11.1.rst | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/sphinx/source/whatsnew/v0.11.1.rst b/docs/sphinx/source/whatsnew/v0.11.1.rst index 7c97f82855..4741dd2204 100644 --- a/docs/sphinx/source/whatsnew/v0.11.1.rst +++ b/docs/sphinx/source/whatsnew/v0.11.1.rst @@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ Testing Documentation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -* Gallery example on cell temperature for floating PV. (:pull:`2110`) +* Added gallery example on calculating cell temperature for + floating PV. (:pull:`2110`) Requirements ~~~~~~~~~~~~ From f51fe3f79091287f326d3a1d88d07f153941308d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:04:32 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 52/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Adam R. Jensen <39184289+AdamRJensen@users.noreply.github.com> --- .../floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 12 +++++------- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 62317b16c1..a49058202c 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -39,13 +39,6 @@ specified for land-based PV systems and are not necessarily representative of FPV systems. -In FPV systems, variations in heat loss coefficients are considerable, not -only due to differences in design but also because of geographic factors. -Systems with extensive water surfaces, closely packed modules, and restricted -airflow behind the modules generally exhibit lower heat loss coefficients -compared to those with smaller water surfaces and better airflow behind the -modules. - For FPV systems, the module's operating temperature, much like in land-based systems, is mainly influenced by the mounting structure (which significantly affects both U-value coefficients), wind, and air temperature. Thus, factors @@ -54,6 +47,11 @@ In some designs, where the modules are in direct thermal contact with water, cooling effectiveness is largely dictated by the water temperature. +Systems with extensive water surfaces, closely packed modules, and restricted +airflow behind the modules generally exhibit lower heat loss coefficients +compared to those with smaller water surfaces and better airflow behind the +modules. + The table below gives heat loss coefficients derived for different FPV systems and locations as found in the literature. It should be noted that, for some systems, there are two sets of coefficients, where the second set uses only From fe094044df131f7a7a96dfb31914f495f552fd17 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:04:46 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 53/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Adam R. Jensen <39184289+AdamRJensen@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index a49058202c..c08c47b2ce 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ and convective heat transfers play roles in determining the module's temperature. -A popular model for calculating the PV cell temperature is the +A popular model for calculating PV cell temperature is the empirical heat loss factor model suggested by Faiman (:py:func:`pvlib.temperature.faiman`). A modified version of this model is has been proposed by PVSyst (:py:func:`~pvlib.temperature.pvsyst_cell`). From 6d5e4404bf325ca6264d7b773b88d204952068d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:05:01 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 54/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Adam R. Jensen <39184289+AdamRJensen@users.noreply.github.com> --- .../examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index c08c47b2ce..79d70f53ba 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ This example uses the PVSyst temperature model to calculate the cell temperature for floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems. -One of the primary benefits attributed to FPV systems -is lower operating temperatures, which are expected to increase the +One of the primary benefits attributed to FPV systems is the potential +for lower operating temperatures, which are expected to increase the operating efficiency. In general, the temperature at which a photovoltaic module operates is influenced by various factors including solar radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed and direction, and the characteristics of the From d3804b7d802402d4bd40c0c35031e0f7f108211d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:05:10 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 55/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Adam R. Jensen <39184289+AdamRJensen@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index 79d70f53ba..dcbb0f2f75 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Calculating the cell temperature for floating PV ================================================ -This example uses the PVSyst temperature model to calculate the +This example uses the PVSyst temperature model to calculate cell temperature for floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems. One of the primary benefits attributed to FPV systems is the potential From e878f2d7a99b0eed5aa310045cca48114135b383 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios <88548539+IoannisSifnaios@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:05:20 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 56/58] Update docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py Co-authored-by: Adam R. Jensen <39184289+AdamRJensen@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index dcbb0f2f75..af27ab664c 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ r""" -Calculating the cell temperature for floating PV +Temperature modeling for floating PV ================================================ This example uses the PVSyst temperature model to calculate From 17ff83040637f10c0380d6f3f41e005203e83731 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:08:52 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 57/58] Update plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py --- .../floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 6 ++---- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index af27ab664c..d501b849cc 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -10,9 +10,7 @@ operating efficiency. In general, the temperature at which a photovoltaic module operates is influenced by various factors including solar radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed and direction, and the characteristics of the -cell and module materials, as well as the mounting structure. Both radiative -and convective heat transfers play roles in determining the module's -temperature. +cell and module materials, as well as the mounting structure. A popular model for calculating PV cell temperature is the empirical heat loss factor model suggested by Faiman @@ -229,6 +227,6 @@ # using the default PVSyst coefficients versus using coefficients for systems # where panels are in contact with water. # -# It should be noted that, using the single combined U-value versus the +# It should be noted that, using the single combined U-value versus the # :math:`U_c` and :math:`U_v` gives significantly different results, even # when using the coefficients derived from the same system. From 0f0124fa41f36e77c15278b87f72b9418cd78d93 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ioannis Sifnaios Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 15:21:41 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 58/58] update text --- .../floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py | 7 +++---- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py index d501b849cc..c288b30856 100644 --- a/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py +++ b/docs/examples/floating-pv/plot_floating_pv_cell_temperature.py @@ -45,10 +45,9 @@ In some designs, where the modules are in direct thermal contact with water, cooling effectiveness is largely dictated by the water temperature. -Systems with extensive water surfaces, closely packed modules, and restricted -airflow behind the modules generally exhibit lower heat loss coefficients -compared to those with smaller water surfaces and better airflow behind the -modules. +Systems with closely packed modules and restricted airflow behind the modules +generally exhibit lower heat loss coefficients compared to those with better +airflow behind the modules. The table below gives heat loss coefficients derived for different FPV systems and locations as found in the literature. It should be noted that, for some