Fix wrong inference cache result for typing.cast calls inside functions

Author: cdce8p

ChangeLog

@@ -14,9 +14,12 @@ Release date: TBA
 
 * Fix issues with ``typing_extensions.TypeVar``.
 
-
 * Fix ``ClassDef.fromlino`` for PyPy 3.8 (v7.3.11) if class is wrapped by a decorator.
 
+* Fix wrong inference cache result for ``typing.cast`` calls inside functions.
+
+  Closes PyCQA/pylint#8074
+
 
 What's New in astroid 2.13.3?
 =============================

astroid/brain/brain_typing.py

@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ def infer_typing_cast(
     Subscript, inference_tip(infer_typing_attr), _looks_like_typing_subscript
 )
 AstroidManager().register_transform(
-    Call, inference_tip(infer_typing_cast), _looks_like_typing_cast
+    Call, inference_tip(infer_typing_cast, cached=False), _looks_like_typing_cast
 )
 
 if PY39_PLUS:

astroid/inference_tip.py

@@ -47,12 +47,16 @@ def _inference_tip_cached(
     return iter(result)
 
 
-def inference_tip(infer_function: InferFn, raise_on_overwrite: bool = False) -> InferFn:
+def inference_tip(
+    infer_function: InferFn, raise_on_overwrite: bool = False, *, cached: bool = True
+) -> InferFn:
     """Given an instance specific inference function, return a function to be
     given to AstroidManager().register_transform to set this inference function.
 
     :param bool raise_on_overwrite: Raise an `InferenceOverwriteError`
         if the inference tip will overwrite another. Used for debugging
+    :param cached: Whether to cache the inference function and reuse the result.
+        Set to 'False' if the result is dependents on the caller.
 
     Typical usage
 
@@ -84,7 +88,9 @@ def transform(node: NodeNG, infer_function: InferFn = infer_function) -> NodeNG:
                 )
             )
         # pylint: disable=no-value-for-parameter
-        node._explicit_inference = _inference_tip_cached(infer_function)
+        node._explicit_inference = (
+            _inference_tip_cached(infer_function) if cached else infer_function
+        )
         return node
 
     return transform

tests/unittest_brain.py

@@ -2132,8 +2132,7 @@ class A:
             pass
 
         b = 42
-        a = cast(A, b)
-        a
+        cast(A, b)
         """
         )
         inferred = next(node.infer())
@@ -2148,14 +2147,33 @@ class A:
             pass
 
         b = 42
-        a = typing.cast(A, b)
-        a
+        typing.cast(A, b)
         """
         )
         inferred = next(node.infer())
         assert isinstance(inferred, nodes.Const)
         assert inferred.value == 42
 
+    def test_typing_cast_multiple_inference_calls(self) -> None:
+        ast_nodes = builder.extract_node(
+            """
+        from typing import TypeVar, cast
+        T = TypeVar("T")
+        def ident(var: T) -> T:
+            return cast(T, var)
+
+        ident(2)  #@
+        ident("Hello")  #@
+        """
+        )
+        i0 = next(ast_nodes[0].infer())
+        assert isinstance(i0, nodes.Const)
+        assert i0.value == 2
+
+        i1 = next(ast_nodes[1].infer())
+        assert isinstance(i1, nodes.Const)
+        assert i1.value == "Hello"
+
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(
     not HAS_TYPING_EXTENSIONS,