[3.10] Docs: Fix backtick errors found by sphinx-lint (GH-97998) (#98373)

Co-authored-by: Ezio Melotti <[email protected]>.
(cherry picked from commit fa2d43e)

Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <[email protected]>

Author: CAM-Gerlach

Doc/README.rst

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ Available make targets are:
 
 * "pydoc-topics", which builds a Python module containing a dictionary with
   plain text documentation for the labels defined in
-  `tools/pyspecific.py` -- pydoc needs these to show topic and keyword help.
+  ``tools/pyspecific.py`` -- pydoc needs these to show topic and keyword help.
 
 * "suspicious", which checks the parsed markup for text that looks like
   malformed and thus unconverted reST.

Doc/c-api/init.rst

@@ -1722,7 +1722,7 @@ is not possible due to its implementation being opaque at build time.
    Free the given *key* allocated by :c:func:`PyThread_tss_alloc`, after
    first calling :c:func:`PyThread_tss_delete` to ensure any associated
    thread locals have been unassigned. This is a no-op if the *key*
-   argument is `NULL`.
+   argument is ``NULL``.
 
    .. note::
       A freed key becomes a dangling pointer. You should reset the key to

Doc/c-api/type.rst

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Type Objects
 .. c:function:: unsigned long PyType_GetFlags(PyTypeObject* type)
 
    Return the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` member of *type*. This function is primarily
-   meant for use with `Py_LIMITED_API`; the individual flag bits are
+   meant for use with ``Py_LIMITED_API``; the individual flag bits are
    guaranteed to be stable across Python releases, but access to
    :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` itself is not part of the limited API.
 

Doc/faq/design.rst

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ Why can't I use an assignment in an expression?
 
 Starting in Python 3.8, you can!
 
-Assignment expressions using the walrus operator `:=` assign a variable in an
+Assignment expressions using the walrus operator ``:=`` assign a variable in an
 expression::
 
    while chunk := fp.read(200):

Doc/howto/logging.rst

@@ -552,14 +552,14 @@ raw message.  If there is no date format string, the default date format is:
 
     %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S
 
-with the milliseconds tacked on at the end. The ``style`` is one of `%`, '{'
-or '$'. If one of these is not specified, then '%' will be used.
+with the milliseconds tacked on at the end. The ``style`` is one of ``'%'``,
+``'{'``, or ``'$'``. If one of these is not specified, then ``'%'`` will be used.
 
-If the ``style`` is '%', the message format string uses
+If the ``style`` is ``'%'``, the message format string uses
 ``%(<dictionary key>)s`` styled string substitution; the possible keys are
-documented in :ref:`logrecord-attributes`. If the style is '{', the message
+documented in :ref:`logrecord-attributes`. If the style is ``'{'``, the message
 format string is assumed to be compatible with :meth:`str.format` (using
-keyword arguments), while if the style is '$' then the message format string
+keyword arguments), while if the style is ``'$'`` then the message format string
 should conform to what is expected by :meth:`string.Template.substitute`.
 
 .. versionchanged:: 3.2

Doc/install/index.rst

@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ And on Windows, the configuration files are:
 +--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------+
 
 On all platforms, the "personal" file can be temporarily disabled by
-passing the `--no-user-cfg` option.
+passing the ``--no-user-cfg`` option.
 
 Notes:
 

Doc/library/asyncio-protocol.rst

@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ accept factories that return streaming protocols.
    a connection is open.
 
    However, :meth:`protocol.eof_received() <Protocol.eof_received>`
-   is called at most once.  Once `eof_received()` is called,
+   is called at most once.  Once ``eof_received()`` is called,
    ``data_received()`` is not called anymore.
 
 .. method:: Protocol.eof_received()

Doc/library/asyncio-task.rst

@@ -707,17 +707,17 @@ Running in Threads
        # blocking_io complete at 19:50:54
        # finished main at 19:50:54
 
-   Directly calling `blocking_io()` in any coroutine would block the event loop
+   Directly calling ``blocking_io()`` in any coroutine would block the event loop
    for its duration, resulting in an additional 1 second of run time. Instead,
-   by using `asyncio.to_thread()`, we can run it in a separate thread without
+   by using ``asyncio.to_thread()``, we can run it in a separate thread without
    blocking the event loop.
 
    .. note::
 
-      Due to the :term:`GIL`, `asyncio.to_thread()` can typically only be used
+      Due to the :term:`GIL`, ``asyncio.to_thread()`` can typically only be used
       to make IO-bound functions non-blocking. However, for extension modules
       that release the GIL or alternative Python implementations that don't
-      have one, `asyncio.to_thread()` can also be used for CPU-bound functions.
+      have one, ``asyncio.to_thread()`` can also be used for CPU-bound functions.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.9
 

Doc/library/bdb.rst

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ The :mod:`bdb` module also defines two classes:
 
       For real file names, the canonical form is an operating-system-dependent,
       :func:`case-normalized <os.path.normcase>` :func:`absolute path
-      <os.path.abspath>`. A *filename* with angle brackets, such as `"<stdin>"`
+      <os.path.abspath>`. A *filename* with angle brackets, such as ``"<stdin>"``
       generated in interactive mode, is returned unchanged.
 
    .. method:: reset()

Doc/library/bz2.rst

@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ Incremental (de)compression
       will be set to ``True``.
 
       Attempting to decompress data after the end of stream is reached
-      raises an `EOFError`.  Any data found after the end of the
+      raises an :exc:`EOFError`.  Any data found after the end of the
       stream is ignored and saved in the :attr:`~.unused_data` attribute.
 
       .. versionchanged:: 3.5
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ Using :class:`BZ2Compressor` for incremental compression:
     >>> out = out + comp.flush()
 
 The example above uses a very "nonrandom" stream of data
-(a stream of `b"z"` chunks).  Random data tends to compress poorly,
+(a stream of ``b"z"`` chunks).  Random data tends to compress poorly,
 while ordered, repetitive data usually yields a high compression ratio.
 
 Writing and reading a bzip2-compressed file in binary mode:

Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ And::
 
    All threads enqueued to ``ThreadPoolExecutor`` will be joined before the
    interpreter can exit. Note that the exit handler which does this is
-   executed *before* any exit handlers added using `atexit`. This means
+   executed *before* any exit handlers added using ``atexit``. This means
    exceptions in the main thread must be caught and handled in order to
    signal threads to exit gracefully. For this reason, it is recommended
    that ``ThreadPoolExecutor`` not be used for long-running tasks.
@@ -398,13 +398,13 @@ The :class:`Future` class encapsulates the asynchronous execution of a callable.
        tests.
 
        If the method returns ``False`` then the :class:`Future` was cancelled,
-       i.e. :meth:`Future.cancel` was called and returned `True`.  Any threads
+       i.e. :meth:`Future.cancel` was called and returned ``True``.  Any threads
        waiting on the :class:`Future` completing (i.e. through
        :func:`as_completed` or :func:`wait`) will be woken up.
 
        If the method returns ``True`` then the :class:`Future` was not cancelled
        and has been put in the running state, i.e. calls to
-       :meth:`Future.running` will return `True`.
+       :meth:`Future.running` will return ``True``.
 
        This method can only be called once and cannot be called after
        :meth:`Future.set_result` or :meth:`Future.set_exception` have been

Doc/library/ctypes.rst

@@ -1935,7 +1935,7 @@ Utility functions
 .. function:: GetLastError()
 
    Windows only: Returns the last error code set by Windows in the calling thread.
-   This function calls the Windows `GetLastError()` function directly,
+   This function calls the Windows ``GetLastError()`` function directly,
    it does not return the ctypes-private copy of the error code.
 
 .. function:: get_errno()

Doc/library/curses.rst

@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ The module :mod:`curses` defines the following functions:
    Change the definition of a color, taking the number of the color to be changed
    followed by three RGB values (for the amounts of red, green, and blue
    components).  The value of *color_number* must be between ``0`` and
-   `COLORS - 1`.  Each of *r*, *g*, *b*, must be a value between ``0`` and
+   ``COLORS - 1``.  Each of *r*, *g*, *b*, must be a value between ``0`` and
    ``1000``.  When :func:`init_color` is used, all occurrences of that color on the
    screen immediately change to the new definition.  This function is a no-op on
    most terminals; it is active only if :func:`can_change_color` returns ``True``.

Doc/library/datetime.rst

@@ -2246,7 +2246,7 @@ where historical changes have been made to civil time.
   two digits of ``offset.hours`` and ``offset.minutes`` respectively.
 
   .. versionchanged:: 3.6
-     Name generated from ``offset=timedelta(0)`` is now plain `'UTC'`, not
+     Name generated from ``offset=timedelta(0)`` is now plain ``'UTC'``, not
      ``'UTC+00:00'``.
 
 

Doc/library/decimal.rst

@@ -576,11 +576,11 @@ Decimal objects
       Alternative constructor that only accepts instances of :class:`float` or
       :class:`int`.
 
-      Note `Decimal.from_float(0.1)` is not the same as `Decimal('0.1')`.
+      Note ``Decimal.from_float(0.1)`` is not the same as ``Decimal('0.1')``.
       Since 0.1 is not exactly representable in binary floating point, the
       value is stored as the nearest representable value which is
-      `0x1.999999999999ap-4`.  That equivalent value in decimal is
-      `0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625`.
+      ``0x1.999999999999ap-4``.  That equivalent value in decimal is
+      ``0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625``.
 
       .. note:: From Python 3.2 onwards, a :class:`Decimal` instance
          can also be constructed directly from a :class:`float`.
@@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@ In addition to the three supplied contexts, new contexts can be created with the
 
    .. method:: exp(x)
 
-      Returns `e ** x`.
+      Returns ``e ** x``.
 
 
    .. method:: fma(x, y, z)

Doc/library/email.compat32-message.rst

@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ Here are the methods of the :class:`Message` class:
    In a model generated from bytes, any header values that (in contravention of
    the RFCs) contain non-ASCII bytes will, when retrieved through this
    interface, be represented as :class:`~email.header.Header` objects with
-   a charset of `unknown-8bit`.
+   a charset of ``unknown-8bit``.
 
 
    .. method:: __len__()

Doc/library/email.errors.rst

@@ -114,4 +114,4 @@ All defect classes are subclassed from :class:`email.errors.MessageDefect`.
   a multiple of 4).  The encoded block was kept as-is.
 
 * :class:`InvalidDateDefect` -- When decoding an invalid or unparsable date field.
-  The original value is kept as-is.
+  The original value is kept as-is.

Doc/library/email.headerregistry.rst

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ headers.
       specified as ``-0000`` (indicating it is in UTC but contains no
       information about the source timezone), then :attr:`.datetime` will be a
       naive :class:`~datetime.datetime`.  If a specific timezone offset is
-      found (including `+0000`), then :attr:`.datetime` will contain an aware
+      found (including ``+0000``), then :attr:`.datetime` will contain an aware
       ``datetime`` that uses :class:`datetime.timezone` to record the timezone
       offset.
 

Doc/library/hashlib.rst

@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ Constructor functions also accept the following tree hashing parameters:
   BLAKE2s, 0 in sequential mode).
 
 * *last_node*: boolean indicating whether the processed node is the last
-  one (`False` for sequential mode).
+  one (``False`` for sequential mode).
 
 .. figure:: hashlib-blake2-tree.png
    :alt: Explanation of tree mode parameters.

Doc/library/lzma.rst

@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ Compressing and decompressing data in memory
       will be set to ``True``.
 
       Attempting to decompress data after the end of stream is reached
-      raises an `EOFError`.  Any data found after the end of the
+      raises an :exc:`EOFError`.  Any data found after the end of the
       stream is ignored and saved in the :attr:`~.unused_data` attribute.
 
       .. versionchanged:: 3.5

Doc/library/os.rst

@@ -3107,7 +3107,7 @@ features:
    system records access and modification times; see :func:`~os.stat`. The best
    way to preserve exact times is to use the *st_atime_ns* and *st_mtime_ns*
    fields from the :func:`os.stat` result object with the *ns* parameter to
-   `utime`.
+   :func:`utime`.
 
    This function can support :ref:`specifying a file descriptor <path_fd>`,
    :ref:`paths relative to directory descriptors <dir_fd>` and :ref:`not
@@ -3984,7 +3984,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
    library :c:data:`POSIX_SPAWN_RESETIDS` flag.
 
    If the *setsid* argument is ``True``, it will create a new session ID
-   for `posix_spawn`. *setsid* requires :c:data:`POSIX_SPAWN_SETSID`
+   for ``posix_spawn``. *setsid* requires :c:data:`POSIX_SPAWN_SETSID`
    or :c:data:`POSIX_SPAWN_SETSID_NP` flag. Otherwise, :exc:`NotImplementedError`
    is raised.
 

Doc/library/select.rst

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ The module defines the following:
    events.
 
    *sizehint* informs epoll about the expected number of events to be
-   registered.  It must be positive, or `-1` to use the default. It is only
+   registered.  It must be positive, or ``-1`` to use the default. It is only
    used on older systems where :c:func:`epoll_create1` is not available;
    otherwise it has no effect (though its value is still checked).
 

Doc/library/socket.rst

@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ The following functions all create :ref:`socket objects <socket-objects>`.
       When :const:`SOCK_NONBLOCK` or :const:`SOCK_CLOEXEC`
       bit flags are applied to *type* they are cleared, and
       :attr:`socket.type` will not reflect them.  They are still passed
-      to the underlying system `socket()` call.  Therefore,
+      to the underlying system ``socket()`` call.  Therefore,
 
       ::
 

Doc/library/statistics.rst

@@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ of applications in statistics.
        The relative likelihood is computed as the probability of a sample
        occurring in a narrow range divided by the width of the range (hence
        the word "density").  Since the likelihood is relative to other points,
-       its value can be greater than `1.0`.
+       its value can be greater than ``1.0``.
 
     .. method:: NormalDist.cdf(x)
 

Doc/library/sys.rst

@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ always available.
    Print low-level information to stderr about the state of CPython's memory
    allocator.
 
-   If Python is `built in debug mode <debug-build>` (:option:`configure
+   If Python is :ref:`built in debug mode <debug-build>` (:option:`configure
    --with-pydebug option <--with-pydebug>`), it also performs some expensive
    internal consistency checks.
 
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ always available.
    files to (and read them from) a parallel directory tree rooted at this
    directory, rather than from ``__pycache__`` directories in the source code
    tree. Any ``__pycache__`` directories in the source code tree will be ignored
-   and new `.pyc` files written within the pycache prefix. Thus if you use
+   and new ``.pyc`` files written within the pycache prefix. Thus if you use
    :mod:`compileall` as a pre-build step, you must ensure you run it with the
    same pycache prefix (if any) that you will use at runtime.
 
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ always available.
 .. function:: get_asyncgen_hooks()
 
    Returns an *asyncgen_hooks* object, which is similar to a
-   :class:`~collections.namedtuple` of the form `(firstiter, finalizer)`,
+   :class:`~collections.namedtuple` of the form ``(firstiter, finalizer)``,
    where *firstiter* and *finalizer* are expected to be either ``None`` or
    functions which take an :term:`asynchronous generator iterator` as an
    argument, and are used to schedule finalization of an asynchronous

Doc/library/tk.rst

@@ -44,4 +44,4 @@ alternative `GUI frameworks and tools <https://wiki.python.org/moin/GuiProgrammi
 
 .. Other sections I have in mind are
    Tkinter internals
-   Freezing Tkinter applications
+   Freezing Tkinter applications

Doc/library/tkinter.colorchooser.rst

@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ the :class:`~tkinter.commondialog.Dialog` class.
 .. seealso::
 
    Module :mod:`tkinter.commondialog`
-      Tkinter standard dialog module
+      Tkinter standard dialog module

Doc/library/tkinter.dnd.rst

@@ -61,4 +61,4 @@ Selection of a target object occurs as follows:
 
 .. seealso::
 
-   :ref:`Bindings-and-Events`
+   :ref:`Bindings-and-Events`

Doc/library/tkinter.messagebox.rst

@@ -36,4 +36,4 @@ limited to:
             askokcancel(title=None, message=None, **options)
             askretrycancel(title=None, message=None, **options)
             askyesno(title=None, message=None, **options)
-            askyesnocancel(title=None, message=None, **options)
+            askyesnocancel(title=None, message=None, **options)

Doc/library/types.rst

@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ Standard names are defined for the following types:
       The :term:`loader` which loaded the module. Defaults to ``None``.
 
       This attribute is to match :attr:`importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.loader`
-      as stored in the attr:`__spec__` object.
+      as stored in the :attr:`__spec__` object.
 
       .. note::
          A future version of Python may stop setting this attribute by default.
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ Standard names are defined for the following types:
       :attr:`__name__` if the module is a package itself). Defaults to ``None``.
 
       This attribute is to match :attr:`importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.parent`
-      as stored in the attr:`__spec__` object.
+      as stored in the :attr:`__spec__` object.
 
       .. note::
          A future version of Python may stop setting this attribute by default.

Doc/library/unittest.mock-examples.rst

@@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ on first use).
 That aside there is a way to use ``mock`` to affect the results of an import.
 Importing fetches an *object* from the :data:`sys.modules` dictionary. Note that it
 fetches an *object*, which need not be a module. Importing a module for the
-first time results in a module object being put in `sys.modules`, so usually
+first time results in a module object being put in ``sys.modules``, so usually
 when you import something you get a module back. This need not be the case
 however.
 

Doc/library/xml.dom.minidom.rst

@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ module documentation.  This section lists the differences between the API and
    Similarly, explicitly stating the *standalone* argument causes the
    standalone document declarations to be added to the prologue of the XML
    document.
-   If the value is set to `True`, `standalone="yes"` is added,
-   otherwise it is set to `"no"`.
+   If the value is set to ``True``, ``standalone="yes"`` is added,
+   otherwise it is set to ``"no"``.
    Not stating the argument will omit the declaration from the document.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.8

Doc/library/xmlrpc.client.rst

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ between conformable Python objects and XML on the wire.
    may be passed to calls.
    The *headers* parameter is an optional sequence of HTTP headers to send with
    each request, expressed as a sequence of 2-tuples representing the header
-   name and value. (e.g. `[('Header-Name', 'value')]`).
+   name and value. (e.g. ``[('Header-Name', 'value')]``).
    The obsolete *use_datetime* flag is similar to *use_builtin_types* but it
    applies only to date/time values.
 

Doc/library/xmlrpc.server.rst

@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ This ExampleService demo can be invoked from the command line::
 
 
 The client that interacts with the above server is included in
-`Lib/xmlrpc/client.py`::
+``Lib/xmlrpc/client.py``::
 
     server = ServerProxy("http://localhost:8000")