diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_code.h b/Include/internal/pycore_code.h
index 688051bbff7aac..786b5483b38ec6 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_code.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_code.h
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ extern int _PyStaticCode_Init(PyCodeObject *co);
 #define STAT_INC(opname, name) do { if (_Py_stats) _Py_stats->opcode_stats[opname].specialization.name++; } while (0)
 #define STAT_DEC(opname, name) do { if (_Py_stats) _Py_stats->opcode_stats[opname].specialization.name--; } while (0)
 #define OPCODE_EXE_INC(opname) do { if (_Py_stats) _Py_stats->opcode_stats[opname].execution_count++; } while (0)
-#define CALL_STAT_INC(name) do { if (_Py_stats) _Py_stats->call_stats.name++; } while (0)
+#define REAL_CALL_STAT_INC(name) do { if (_Py_stats) _Py_stats->call_stats.name++; } while (0)
 #define OBJECT_STAT_INC(name) do { if (_Py_stats) _Py_stats->object_stats.name++; } while (0)
 #define OBJECT_STAT_INC_COND(name, cond) \
     do { if (_Py_stats && cond) _Py_stats->object_stats.name++; } while (0)
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _Py_GetSpecializationStats(void);
 #define STAT_INC(opname, name) ((void)0)
 #define STAT_DEC(opname, name) ((void)0)
 #define OPCODE_EXE_INC(opname) ((void)0)
-#define CALL_STAT_INC(name) ((void)0)
+#define REAL_CALL_STAT_INC(name) ((void)0)
 #define OBJECT_STAT_INC(name) ((void)0)
 #define OBJECT_STAT_INC_COND(name, cond) ((void)0)
 #define EVAL_CALL_STAT_INC(name) ((void)0)
@@ -343,6 +343,9 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _Py_GetSpecializationStats(void);
 #define RARE_EVENT_STAT_INC(name) ((void)0)
 #endif  // !Py_STATS
 
+// We do a little dance here so we can redefine and restore CALL_STAT_INC
+#define CALL_STAT_INC(name) REAL_CALL_STAT_INC(name)
+
 // Utility functions for reading/writing 32/64-bit values in the inline caches.
 // Great care should be taken to ensure that these functions remain correct and
 // performant! They should compile to just "move" instructions on all supported
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_jit.h b/Include/internal/pycore_jit.h
index 17bd23f0752be2..c7559602a350ba 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_jit.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_jit.h
@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ extern "C" {
 
 #ifdef _Py_JIT
 
+#ifdef _Py_NOTIER2
+#  error "can't define _Py_JIT and _Py_NOTIER2 at the same time"
+#endif
+
 typedef _Py_CODEUNIT *(*jit_func)(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyObject **stack_pointer, PyThreadState *tstate);
 
 int _PyJIT_Compile(_PyExecutorObject *executor, const _PyUOpInstruction *trace, size_t length);
diff --git a/Lib/test/support/__init__.py b/Lib/test/support/__init__.py
index be3f93ab2e5fd1..7eac1ccdbb0668 100644
--- a/Lib/test/support/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/support/__init__.py
@@ -1188,6 +1188,10 @@ def requires_specialization(test):
         _opcode.ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION, "requires specialization")(test)
 
 
+def requires_tier2(test):
+    return unittest.skipIf(_opcode.NOTIER2, "requires tier2")(test)
+
+
 #=======================================================================
 # Check for the presence of docstrings.
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_opt.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_opt.py
index 28d18739b6d4a5..58192422bb359f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_opt.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_opt.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 import _opcode
 
-from test.support import script_helper, requires_specialization, import_helper
+from test.support import script_helper, requires_specialization, requires_tier2, import_helper
 
 _testinternalcapi = import_helper.import_module("_testinternalcapi")
 
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ def clear_executors(func):
         func.__code__ = func.__code__.replace()
 
 
+@requires_tier2
 @requires_specialization
 class TestOptimizerAPI(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@ def get_opnames(ex):
 
 
 @requires_specialization
+@requires_tier2
 class TestExecutorInvalidation(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
@@ -215,6 +217,7 @@ def f():
 
 
 @requires_specialization
+@requires_tier2
 @unittest.skipIf(os.getenv("PYTHON_UOPS_OPTIMIZE") == "0", "Needs uop optimizer to run.")
 class TestUops(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -579,6 +582,7 @@ def testfunc(n):
 
 
 @requires_specialization
+@requires_tier2
 @unittest.skipIf(os.getenv("PYTHON_UOPS_OPTIMIZE") == "0", "Needs uop optimizer to run.")
 class TestUopsOptimization(unittest.TestCase):
 
diff --git a/Makefile.pre.in b/Makefile.pre.in
index fd8678cdaf8207..228440fc07d58a 100644
--- a/Makefile.pre.in
+++ b/Makefile.pre.in
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS=	@LDFLAGS@
 # command line to append to these values without stomping the pre-set
 # values.
 PY_CFLAGS=	$(BASECFLAGS) $(OPT) $(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CFLAGS)
-PY_CFLAGS_NODIST=$(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(CFLAGS_NODIST) -I$(srcdir)/Include/internal -I$(srcdir)/Include/internal/mimalloc
+PY_CFLAGS_NODIST=$(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(CFLAGS_NODIST) -I$(srcdir)/Include/internal -I$(srcdir)/Include/internal/mimalloc -D_Py_NOTIER2
 # Both CPPFLAGS and LDFLAGS need to contain the shell's value for setup.py to
 # be able to build extension modules using the directories specified in the
 # environment variables
diff --git a/Modules/_opcode.c b/Modules/_opcode.c
index 5350adb456b859..02dc9cf0f1c2ec 100644
--- a/Modules/_opcode.c
+++ b/Modules/_opcode.c
@@ -394,6 +394,14 @@ _opcode_exec(PyObject *m) {
     if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
+#ifdef _Py_NOTIER2
+    int notier2 = 1;
+#else
+    int notier2 = 0;
+#endif
+    if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NOTIER2", notier2) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/Python/bytecodes.c b/Python/bytecodes.c
index d6fb66a7be34ac..04978ce4d3de2d 100644
--- a/Python/bytecodes.c
+++ b/Python/bytecodes.c
@@ -2339,6 +2339,7 @@ dummy_func(
             CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
             assert(oparg <= INSTR_OFFSET());
             JUMPBY(-oparg);
+            #ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             _Py_BackoffCounter counter = this_instr[1].counter;
             if (backoff_counter_triggers(counter) && this_instr->op.code == JUMP_BACKWARD) {
@@ -2364,6 +2365,7 @@ dummy_func(
                 ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             }
             #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
+            #endif  /* _Py_NOTIER2 */
         }
 
         pseudo(JUMP) = {
@@ -2377,6 +2379,9 @@ dummy_func(
         };
 
         tier1 inst(ENTER_EXECUTOR, (--)) {
+            #ifdef _Py_NOTIER2
+            assert(0);
+            #else
             CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
             PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
             _PyExecutorObject *executor = code->co_executors->executors[oparg & 255];
@@ -2387,23 +2392,28 @@ dummy_func(
             tstate->previous_executor = Py_None;
             Py_INCREF(executor);
             GOTO_TIER_TWO(executor);
+            #endif  // _Py_NOTIER2
         }
 
         replaced op(_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, (cond -- )) {
             assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
             int flag = Py_IsFalse(cond);
+            #ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
             #endif
+            #endif
             JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
         }
 
         replaced op(_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE, (cond -- )) {
             assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
             int flag = Py_IsTrue(cond);
+            #ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
             #endif
+            #endif
             JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
         }
 
@@ -3973,9 +3983,11 @@ dummy_func(
             assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
             int flag = Py_IsTrue(cond);
             int offset = flag * oparg;
+            #ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
             #endif
+            #endif
             INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + offset, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
         }
 
@@ -3984,9 +3996,11 @@ dummy_func(
             assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
             int flag = Py_IsFalse(cond);
             int offset = flag * oparg;
+            #ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
             #endif
+            #endif
             INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + offset, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
         }
 
@@ -4001,9 +4015,11 @@ dummy_func(
                 Py_DECREF(value);
                 offset = 0;
             }
+            #ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
             #endif
+            #endif
             INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + offset, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
         }
 
@@ -4018,9 +4034,11 @@ dummy_func(
                 Py_DECREF(value);
                 offset = oparg;
             }
+            #ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | !nflag;
             #endif
+            #endif
             INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + offset, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
         }
 
diff --git a/Python/ceval.c b/Python/ceval.c
index f718a77fb029cb..eecab34c82cf57 100644
--- a/Python/ceval.c
+++ b/Python/ceval.c
@@ -678,6 +678,7 @@ extern void _PyUOpPrint(const _PyUOpInstruction *uop);
  * so consume 3 units of C stack */
 #define PY_EVAL_C_STACK_UNITS 2
 
+#ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_Py_USING_PGO)
 /* gh-111786: _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault is too large to optimize for speed with
    PGO on MSVC. Disable that optimization temporarily. If this is fixed
@@ -686,6 +687,7 @@ extern void _PyUOpPrint(const _PyUOpInstruction *uop);
 #  pragma optimize("t", off)
 /* This setting is reversed below following _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault */
 #endif
+#endif
 
 PyObject* _Py_HOT_FUNCTION
 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int throwflag)
@@ -754,11 +756,13 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
     _Py_CODEUNIT *next_instr;
     PyObject **stack_pointer;
 
+#ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
 #ifndef _Py_JIT
     /* Tier 2 interpreter state */
     _PyExecutorObject *current_executor = NULL;
     const _PyUOpInstruction *next_uop = NULL;
 #endif
+#endif
 
 start_frame:
     if (_Py_EnterRecursivePy(tstate)) {
@@ -958,6 +962,7 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
     goto error;
 
 
+#ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
 
 // Tier 2 is also here!
 enter_tier_two:
@@ -1108,14 +1113,29 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
 
 #endif  // _Py_JIT
 
+#endif  // _Py_NOTIER2
+
+// Undefine the macros we redefined, to avoid using the wrong ones below
+#undef LOAD_IP
+#undef GOTO_ERROR
+#undef ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
+#undef STAT_INC
+#undef STAT_DEC
+#undef CALL_STAT_INC
+
+// Restore this one
+#define CALL_STAT_INC(name) REAL_CALL_STAT_INC(name)
+
 }
 
 #if defined(__GNUC__)
 #  pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) /* MS_WINDOWS */
 #  pragma warning(pop)
+#ifdef _Py_NOTIER2
 #  pragma optimize("", on)
 #endif
+#endif
 
 static void
 format_missing(PyThreadState *tstate, const char *kind,
diff --git a/Python/generated_cases.c.h b/Python/generated_cases.c.h
index a7764b0ec12e10..037d1133b6872d 100644
--- a/Python/generated_cases.c.h
+++ b/Python/generated_cases.c.h
@@ -2501,6 +2501,9 @@
             frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
             next_instr += 1;
             INSTRUCTION_STATS(ENTER_EXECUTOR);
+            #ifdef _Py_NOTIER2
+            assert(0);
+            #else
             CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
             PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
             _PyExecutorObject *executor = code->co_executors->executors[oparg & 255];
@@ -2511,6 +2514,7 @@
             tstate->previous_executor = Py_None;
             Py_INCREF(executor);
             GOTO_TIER_TWO(executor);
+            #endif  // _Py_NOTIER2
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -3191,9 +3195,11 @@
             assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
             int flag = Py_IsFalse(cond);
             int offset = flag * oparg;
+            #ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
             #endif
+            #endif
             INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + offset, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -3214,9 +3220,11 @@
                 Py_DECREF(value);
                 offset = 0;
             }
+            #ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
             #endif
+            #endif
             INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + offset, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -3237,9 +3245,11 @@
                 Py_DECREF(value);
                 offset = oparg;
             }
+            #ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | !nflag;
             #endif
+            #endif
             INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + offset, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -3254,9 +3264,11 @@
             assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
             int flag = Py_IsTrue(cond);
             int offset = flag * oparg;
+            #ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
             #endif
+            #endif
             INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + offset, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
             DISPATCH();
         }
@@ -3414,6 +3426,7 @@
             CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
             assert(oparg <= INSTR_OFFSET());
             JUMPBY(-oparg);
+            #ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             _Py_BackoffCounter counter = this_instr[1].counter;
             if (backoff_counter_triggers(counter) && this_instr->op.code == JUMP_BACKWARD) {
@@ -3439,6 +3452,7 @@
                 ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
             }
             #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
+            #endif  /* _Py_NOTIER2 */
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -4710,9 +4724,11 @@
             cond = stack_pointer[-1];
             assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
             int flag = Py_IsFalse(cond);
+            #ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
             #endif
+            #endif
             JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
             stack_pointer += -1;
             DISPATCH();
@@ -4743,9 +4759,11 @@
             {
                 assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
                 int flag = Py_IsTrue(cond);
+                #ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
                 #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                 this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
                 #endif
+                #endif
                 JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
             }
             stack_pointer += -1;
@@ -4777,9 +4795,11 @@
             {
                 assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
                 int flag = Py_IsFalse(cond);
+                #ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
                 #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                 this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
                 #endif
+                #endif
                 JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
             }
             stack_pointer += -1;
@@ -4796,9 +4816,11 @@
             cond = stack_pointer[-1];
             assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
             int flag = Py_IsTrue(cond);
+            #ifndef _Py_NOTIER2
             #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
             this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
             #endif
+            #endif
             JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
             stack_pointer += -1;
             DISPATCH();
diff --git a/configure b/configure
index 80403255a814af..06f31b60a2483a 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -1087,6 +1087,7 @@ with_pydebug
 with_trace_refs
 enable_pystats
 with_assertions
+enable_tier2
 enable_experimental_jit
 enable_optimizations
 with_lto
@@ -1815,6 +1816,7 @@ Optional Features:
   --disable-gil           enable experimental support for running without the
                           GIL (default is no)
   --enable-pystats        enable internal statistics gathering (default is no)
+  --disable-tier2         disable tier 2 interpreter support (default is no)
   --enable-experimental-jit
                           build the experimental just-in-time compiler
                           (default is no)
@@ -8208,6 +8210,34 @@ else
 printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
 fi
 
+# Check for --disable-tier2
+# --disable-tier2
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for --disable-tier2" >&5
+printf %s "checking for --disable-tier2... " >&6; }
+# Check whether --enable-tier2 was given.
+if test ${enable_tier2+y}
+then :
+  enableval=$enable_tier2; if test "x$enable_tier2" = xyes
+then :
+  disable_tier2=no
+else $as_nop
+  disable_tier2=yes
+fi
+else $as_nop
+  disable_tier2=no
+
+fi
+
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $disable_tier2" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$disable_tier2" >&6; }
+
+if test "$disable_tier2" = "yes"
+then
+
+printf "%s\n" "#define _Py_NOTIER2 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+fi
+
 # Check for --enable-experimental-jit:
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for --enable-experimental-jit" >&5
 printf %s "checking for --enable-experimental-jit... " >&6; }
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index ec925d4d4a0a5a..1afb75e6404136 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -1762,6 +1762,21 @@ else
   AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
 fi
 
+# Check for --disable-tier2
+# --disable-tier2
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([for --disable-tier2])
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([tier2],
+  [AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-tier2], [disable tier 2 interpreter support (default is no)])],
+  [AS_VAR_IF([enable_tier2], [yes], [disable_tier2=no], [disable_tier2=yes])], [disable_tier2=no]
+)
+AC_MSG_RESULT([$disable_tier2])
+
+if test "$disable_tier2" = "yes"
+then
+  AC_DEFINE([_Py_NOTIER2], [1],
+            [Define if you want to disable the tier 2 interpreter entirely])
+fi
+
 # Check for --enable-experimental-jit:
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([for --enable-experimental-jit])
 AC_ARG_ENABLE([experimental-jit],
diff --git a/pyconfig.h.in b/pyconfig.h.in
index e28baef51d5737..58374f94535476 100644
--- a/pyconfig.h.in
+++ b/pyconfig.h.in
@@ -1923,6 +1923,9 @@
 /* framework name */
 #undef _PYTHONFRAMEWORK
 
+/* Define if you want to disable the tier 2 interpreter entirely */
+#undef _Py_NOTIER2
+
 /* Define to force use of thread-safe errno, h_errno, and other functions */
 #undef _REENTRANT