diff --git a/stdlib/gettext.pyi b/stdlib/gettext.pyi
index d0141c63b315..beb9318f9e43 100644
--- a/stdlib/gettext.pyi
+++ b/stdlib/gettext.pyi
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+import io
 import sys
 from _typeshed import StrPath
-from collections.abc import Container, Iterable, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Callable, Container, Iterable, Sequence
 from typing import Any, Protocol, TypeVar, overload
 from typing_extensions import Final, Literal
 
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ def find(
 @overload
 def find(domain: str, localedir: StrPath | None = ..., languages: Iterable[str] | None = ..., all: bool = ...) -> Any: ...
 
-_T = TypeVar("_T")
+_NullTranslationsT = TypeVar("_NullTranslationsT", bound=NullTranslations)
 
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
     @overload
@@ -119,24 +120,33 @@ if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
         localedir: StrPath | None = ...,
         languages: Iterable[str] | None = ...,
         class_: None = ...,
-        fallback: bool = ...,
-    ) -> NullTranslations: ...
+        fallback: Literal[False] = ...,
+    ) -> GNUTranslations: ...
     @overload
     def translation(
         domain: str,
         localedir: StrPath | None = ...,
         languages: Iterable[str] | None = ...,
-        class_: type[_T] = ...,
+        *,
+        class_: Callable[[io.BufferedReader], _NullTranslationsT],
+        fallback: Literal[False] = ...,
+    ) -> _NullTranslationsT: ...
+    @overload
+    def translation(
+        domain: str,
+        localedir: StrPath | None,
+        languages: Iterable[str] | None,
+        class_: Callable[[io.BufferedReader], _NullTranslationsT],
         fallback: Literal[False] = ...,
-    ) -> _T: ...
+    ) -> _NullTranslationsT: ...
     @overload
     def translation(
         domain: str,
         localedir: StrPath | None = ...,
         languages: Iterable[str] | None = ...,
-        class_: type[Any] = ...,
-        fallback: Literal[True] = ...,
-    ) -> Any: ...
+        class_: Callable[[io.BufferedReader], NullTranslations] | None = ...,
+        fallback: bool = ...,
+    ) -> NullTranslations: ...
     def install(domain: str, localedir: StrPath | None = ..., *, names: Container[str] | None = ...) -> None: ...
 
 else:
@@ -146,27 +156,37 @@ else:
         localedir: StrPath | None = ...,
         languages: Iterable[str] | None = ...,
         class_: None = ...,
-        fallback: bool = ...,
+        fallback: Literal[False] = ...,
         codeset: str | None = ...,
-    ) -> NullTranslations: ...
+    ) -> GNUTranslations: ...
     @overload
     def translation(
         domain: str,
         localedir: StrPath | None = ...,
         languages: Iterable[str] | None = ...,
-        class_: type[_T] = ...,
+        *,
+        class_: Callable[[io.BufferedReader], _NullTranslationsT],
         fallback: Literal[False] = ...,
         codeset: str | None = ...,
-    ) -> _T: ...
+    ) -> _NullTranslationsT: ...
+    @overload
+    def translation(
+        domain: str,
+        localedir: StrPath | None,
+        languages: Iterable[str] | None,
+        class_: Callable[[io.BufferedReader], _NullTranslationsT],
+        fallback: Literal[False] = ...,
+        codeset: str | None = ...,
+    ) -> _NullTranslationsT: ...
     @overload
     def translation(
         domain: str,
         localedir: StrPath | None = ...,
         languages: Iterable[str] | None = ...,
-        class_: type[Any] = ...,
-        fallback: Literal[True] = ...,
+        class_: Callable[[io.BufferedReader], NullTranslations] | None = ...,
+        fallback: bool = ...,
         codeset: str | None = ...,
-    ) -> Any: ...
+    ) -> NullTranslations: ...
     def install(
         domain: str, localedir: StrPath | None = ..., codeset: str | None = ..., names: Container[str] | None = ...
     ) -> None: ...