diff --git a/exir/tests/test_memory_format_ops_pass.py b/exir/tests/test_memory_format_ops_pass.py
index 76e994abdbf..a90abada897 100644
--- a/exir/tests/test_memory_format_ops_pass.py
+++ b/exir/tests/test_memory_format_ops_pass.py
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ def test_op_dim_order_update(self) -> None:
         )
 
     def test_op_dim_order_propagation(self) -> None:
+        print("test_op_dim_order_propagation: unambiguous path")
         MemoryFormatOpsPassTestUtils.memory_format_test_runner(
             self,
             MemoryFormatTestSet(
@@ -126,6 +127,24 @@ def test_op_dim_order_propagation(self) -> None:
             ),
         )
 
+        print("test_op_dim_order_propagation: ambiguous path")
+        MemoryFormatOpsPassTestUtils.memory_format_test_runner(
+            self,
+            MemoryFormatTestSet(
+                module=PropagateToCopyChannalsLastModule().eval(),
+                op=torch.ops.aten._to_copy.default,
+                sample_input=(
+                    torch.rand_like(
+                        torch.zeros([2, 1, 2, 2]),
+                        dtype=torch.float32,
+                        memory_format=torch.contiguous_format,
+                    ),
+                ),
+                target_memory_format=torch.channels_last,
+                _load_for_executorch_from_buffer=_load_for_executorch_from_buffer,
+            ),
+        )
+
     # Only test dim order replacement result in lean mode test.
     # This test is irrelevant with operator mode.
     def test_dim_order_replacement(self) -> None:
diff --git a/exir/tests/test_memory_format_ops_pass_utils.py b/exir/tests/test_memory_format_ops_pass_utils.py
index 8bf810e847e..10b8e32e7dc 100644
--- a/exir/tests/test_memory_format_ops_pass_utils.py
+++ b/exir/tests/test_memory_format_ops_pass_utils.py
@@ -20,8 +20,13 @@
     is_channel_last_dim_order,
     is_contiguous_dim_order,
 )
+from executorch.exir.pass_base import ExportPass
+
+from exir.passes.memory_format_ops_pass import MemoryFormatOpsPass
 
 from torch.export import export
+
+from torch.fx.passes.infra.pass_manager import PassManager
 from torch.testing import FileCheck
 from torch.utils._pytree import tree_flatten
 
@@ -99,6 +104,50 @@ def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
         return t1 * t2
 
 
+def assert_unambiguous_dim_order(gm):
+    # This is just an example, you can add your own pass or passes.
+    class ExampleNOPPass(ExportPass):
+        """
+        Does nothing!
+        """
+
+        def call_operator(self, op, args, kwargs, meta):
+            return super().call_operator(
+                op,
+                args,
+                kwargs,
+                meta,
+            )
+
+    # This is an example of how one can detect ambiguous dim_order anywhere in the graph.
+    # You can be surgical and only detect it in the nodes you are interested in or something else.
+    def detect_ambiguity(gm):
+        """
+        Check every node's output tensor dim_order and raise if it is ambiguous for a list of formats.
+        """
+        for node in gm.graph.nodes:
+            if node.op == "call_function":
+                tensor = node.meta["val"]
+                # Let's make sure dim_order is not ambiguous, raise otherwise.
+                # This is raising because we can't do anything about it.
+                # The right course of follow up action is to ask user to try with a different example input.
+                print(f"node: {node}, shape: {tensor.shape}, ", end="")
+
+                try:
+                    dim_order = tensor.dim_order(
+                        ambiguity_check=[torch.contiguous_format, torch.channels_last]
+                    )
+                    print(f"dim_order: {dim_order}")
+                except Exception as e:
+                    print("")
+                    raise RuntimeError(e)
+
+    # any pass or passes, just using MemoryFormatOpsPass as an example
+    dim_order_pass_manager = PassManager(passes=[ExampleNOPPass()])
+    dim_order_pass_manager.add_checks(detect_ambiguity)
+    dim_order_pass_manager(gm)
+
+
 class MemoryFormatOpsPassTestUtils:
     @staticmethod
     def memory_format_test_runner(
@@ -121,6 +170,9 @@ def memory_format_test_runner(
                 before, compile_config=EdgeCompileConfig(_skip_dim_order=False)
             )
 
+        # Just as an example
+        assert_unambiguous_dim_order(epm.exported_program().graph_module)
+
         # check memory format ops, if needed
         if test_set.op_level_check:
             aten_op_str, edge_op_str = MemoryFormatOps2Str[test_set.op]