diff --git a/extension/parallel/targets.bzl b/extension/parallel/targets.bzl
index dbfb3ff160c..3a2d6f354ef 100644
--- a/extension/parallel/targets.bzl
+++ b/extension/parallel/targets.bzl
@@ -17,6 +17,6 @@ def define_common_targets():
             "@EXECUTORCH_CLIENTS",
         ],
         deps = [
-            "//executorch/runtime/kernel:thread_parallel_interface",
+            "//executorch/extension/threadpool:threadpool",
         ],
     )
diff --git a/extension/threadpool/targets.bzl b/extension/threadpool/targets.bzl
index 1c34dbbc7d4..5e7cf2c7dae 100644
--- a/extension/threadpool/targets.bzl
+++ b/extension/threadpool/targets.bzl
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def define_common_targets():
     ] + (["fb/threadpool_use_n_threads.h"] if not runtime.is_oss else [])
 
     runtime.cxx_library(
-        name = "threadpool",
+        name = "threadpool_lib",
         srcs = _THREADPOOL_SRCS,
         deps = [
             "//executorch/runtime/core:core",
@@ -45,6 +45,38 @@ def define_common_targets():
         ],
     )
 
+    runtime.cxx_library(
+        name = "threadpool",
+        # TODO: OSS doesn't have os:iphoneos. Sync buck2 prelude
+        # update to add it and remove duplication.
+        exported_deps = (select({
+            # Major operating systems should be able to use threadpool.
+            "ovr_config//os:linux": [":threadpool_lib"],
+            "ovr_config//os:macos": [":threadpool_lib"],
+            "ovr_config//os:windows": [":threadpool_lib"],
+            "ovr_config//os:android": [":threadpool_lib"],
+            "ovr_config//os:iphoneos": [":threadpool_lib"],
+            # Machines without an operating system shouldn't.
+            "ovr_config//os:none": ["//executorch/runtime/kernel:thread_parallel_interface"],
+            # If we don't know what it is, disable threadpool out of caution.
+            "DEFAULT": ["//executorch/runtime/kernel:thread_parallel_interface"],
+        }) if not runtime.is_oss else select({
+            # Major operating systems should be able to use threadpool.
+            "ovr_config//os:linux": [":threadpool_lib"],
+            "ovr_config//os:macos": [":threadpool_lib"],
+            "ovr_config//os:windows": [":threadpool_lib"],
+            "ovr_config//os:android": [":threadpool_lib"],
+            # Machines without an operating system shouldn't.
+            "ovr_config//os:none": ["//executorch/runtime/kernel:thread_parallel_interface"],
+            # If we don't know what it is, disable threadpool out of caution.
+            "DEFAULT": ["//executorch/runtime/kernel:thread_parallel_interface"],
+        })),
+        visibility = [
+            "//executorch/...",
+            "@EXECUTORCH_CLIENTS",
+        ],
+    )
+
     runtime.cxx_library(
         name = "cpuinfo_utils",
         srcs = [
diff --git a/kernels/optimized/cpu/targets.bzl b/kernels/optimized/cpu/targets.bzl
index 017dff8a127..8dadd5a49e6 100644
--- a/kernels/optimized/cpu/targets.bzl
+++ b/kernels/optimized/cpu/targets.bzl
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ _OPTIMIZED_ATEN_OPS = (
     op_target(
         name = "op_where",
         deps = [
+            "//executorch/extension/threadpool:threadpool",
             "//executorch/kernels/portable/cpu/util:elementwise_util",
-            "//executorch/runtime/kernel:thread_parallel_interface",
         ],
     ),
 )
diff --git a/kernels/optimized/lib_defs.bzl b/kernels/optimized/lib_defs.bzl
index 6e884457e35..85886365a01 100644
--- a/kernels/optimized/lib_defs.bzl
+++ b/kernels/optimized/lib_defs.bzl
@@ -232,9 +232,9 @@ def define_libs(is_fbcode=False):
                 "DEFAULT": [],
             }) + LIBBLAS_DEPS,
             exported_deps = [
+                "//executorch/extension/threadpool:threadpool",
                 "//executorch/kernels/optimized:libutils",
                 "//executorch/runtime/core/exec_aten:lib",
-                "//executorch/runtime/kernel:thread_parallel_interface",
             ],
             **get_apple_framework_deps_kwargs(is_fbcode),
         )
diff --git a/kernels/portable/cpu/util/targets.bzl b/kernels/portable/cpu/util/targets.bzl
index a623b9d4d7a..e756a9bf282 100644
--- a/kernels/portable/cpu/util/targets.bzl
+++ b/kernels/portable/cpu/util/targets.bzl
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ def define_common_targets():
     runtime.cxx_library(
         name = "all_deps",
         deps = [
+            "//executorch/extension/threadpool:threadpool",
             "//executorch/kernels/portable/cpu/util:functional_util",
             "//executorch/kernels/portable/cpu/util:broadcast_util",
             "//executorch/kernels/portable/cpu/util:kernel_ops_util",
@@ -32,7 +33,6 @@ def define_common_targets():
             "//executorch/kernels/portable/cpu/util:slice_util",
             "//executorch/kernels/portable/cpu/util:elementwise_util",
             "//executorch/kernels/portable/cpu/util:upsample_util",
-            "//executorch/runtime/kernel:thread_parallel_interface",
         ],
         visibility = ["//executorch/...", "@EXECUTORCH_CLIENTS"],
     )
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def define_common_targets():
             ":broadcast_util",
             ":dtype_util",
             "//executorch/runtime/kernel:kernel_runtime_context",
-            "//executorch/runtime/kernel:thread_parallel_interface",
+            "//executorch/extension/threadpool:threadpool",
         ],
         deps = [
             "//executorch/kernels/portable/cpu:scalar_utils",
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ def define_common_targets():
         srcs = [],
         exported_headers = ["functional_util.h"],
         exported_deps = [
-            "//executorch/runtime/kernel:thread_parallel_interface",
+            "//executorch/extension/threadpool:threadpool",
         ],
         deps = [
             "//executorch/runtime/kernel:kernel_includes",
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ def define_common_targets():
                 "//executorch/runtime/core/exec_aten/util:tensor_util{}".format(suffix),
             ],
             exported_deps = [
-                "//executorch/runtime/kernel:thread_parallel_interface",
+                "//executorch/extension/threadpool:threadpool",
             ],
             exported_preprocessor_flags = ["-DUSE_ATEN_LIB"] if aten_mode else [],
             visibility = [
diff --git a/runtime/kernel/targets.bzl b/runtime/kernel/targets.bzl
index 0726752d3dd..b6aa9d7a95e 100644
--- a/runtime/kernel/targets.bzl
+++ b/runtime/kernel/targets.bzl
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ def define_common_targets():
             "//executorch/runtime/core/portable_type/c10/c10:c10",
             "//executorch/runtime/platform:platform",
         ],
+        # Don't depend on this target, depend on //executorch/extension/threadpool:threadpool.
         visibility = [
-            "//executorch/...",
-            "@EXECUTORCH_CLIENTS",
+            "//executorch/extension/threadpool/...",
         ],
     )