From 87bb4c11c515622dda6ed544f6859ad76bcc41e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: unknown Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2025 11:39:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Expand some content --- docs/books/admin_guide/12-network.md | 62 +++++++++++++++++++++++++--- 1 file changed, 57 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/books/admin_guide/12-network.md b/docs/books/admin_guide/12-network.md index 6545120ce3..8ce693c9ca 100644 --- a/docs/books/admin_guide/12-network.md +++ b/docs/books/admin_guide/12-network.md @@ -53,19 +53,71 @@ The notation called CIDR is more and more frequent: 192.168.1.10/24 IP addresses are used for the proper routing of messages (packets). They are divided into two parts: -* the fixed part, identifying the network; -* the identifier of the host in the network. +* Network Bits - The part associated with consecutive "1" s in the binary subnet mask +* Host Bits - The part associated with consecutive "0" s in the binary subnet mask -The subnet mask is a set of **4 bytes** intended to isolate: +``` + |<- Host Bits ->| + |<-- Network Bits -->| +192.168.1.10 ==> 11000000.10101000.00000001.00001010 +255.255.255.0 ==> 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 +``` + +The subnet mask is used to define the Network Bits and Host Bits of an IP address. By using subnet mask, we can determine the current IP address: * the network address (**NetID** or **SubnetID**) by performing a bitwise logical AND between the IP address and the mask; * the host address (**HostID**) by performing a bitwise logical AND between the IP address and the complement of the mask. +``` +192.168.1.10 ==> 11000000.10101000.00000001.00001010 +255.255.255.0 ==> 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 + +NetID 11000000.10101000.00000001.00001010 + 192 . 168 . 100 . 0 + +HostID 00000000.00000000.00000000.00001010 + 0 . 0 . 0 . 10 +``` + +**Legitimate subnet mask** - In order from left to right, consecutive 1s can be defined as valid subnet masks. + +``` +legitimate 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 + +illegitimate 11001001.11111111.11111111.00000000 +``` + +!!! tip + + The IP address and subnet mask must appear in pairs, which is determined by the basic principles of network communication. + There are also specific addresses within a network, which must be identified. The first address of a range as well as the last one have a particular role: -* The first address of a range is the **network address**. It is used to identify networks and to route information from one network to another. +* The first address of a range is the **network address**. It is used to identify networks and to route information from one network to another. This address can be obtained through Logic and Operations. + + ``` + 192.168.1.10 ==> 11000000.10101000.00000001.00001010 + 255.255.255.0 ==> 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 + + network address 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000 + 192 . 168 . 100 . 0 + ``` + + **Logic and Operations** - When both are true (1), the result is true (1); otherwise, it is false (0) + +* The last address of a range is the **broadcast address**. It is used to broadcast information to all the machines on the network. Keep the Network Bits unchanged and replace all Host Bits with 1 to obtain the this address. + + ``` + 192.168.1.10 ==> 11000000.10101000.00000001.00001010 + 255.255.255.0 ==> 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 + + broadcast address 11000000.10101000.00000001.11111111 + 192 . 168 . 100 . 255 + ``` + +!!! tip -* The last address of a range is the **broadcast address**. It is used to broadcast information to all the machines on the network. + These two addresses that play special roles **cannot** be assigned to the terminal machine for use. ### MAC address / IP address From e3cb79431c5fdf863971b6d1bafea78388d16283 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: unknown Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2025 13:51:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Change the capitalization of specific vocabulary --- docs/books/admin_guide/12-network.md | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/books/admin_guide/12-network.md b/docs/books/admin_guide/12-network.md index 8ce693c9ca..a20ab174e1 100644 --- a/docs/books/admin_guide/12-network.md +++ b/docs/books/admin_guide/12-network.md @@ -53,17 +53,17 @@ The notation called CIDR is more and more frequent: 192.168.1.10/24 IP addresses are used for the proper routing of messages (packets). They are divided into two parts: -* Network Bits - The part associated with consecutive "1" s in the binary subnet mask -* Host Bits - The part associated with consecutive "0" s in the binary subnet mask +* network bits - The part associated with consecutive "1s" in the binary subnet mask +* host bits - The part associated with consecutive "0s" in the binary subnet mask ``` - |<- Host Bits ->| - |<-- Network Bits -->| + |<- host bits ->| + |<-- network bits -->| 192.168.1.10 ==> 11000000.10101000.00000001.00001010 255.255.255.0 ==> 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 ``` -The subnet mask is used to define the Network Bits and Host Bits of an IP address. By using subnet mask, we can determine the current IP address: +The subnet mask is used to define the network bits and host bits of an IP address. By using subnet mask, we can determine the current IP address: * the network address (**NetID** or **SubnetID**) by performing a bitwise logical AND between the IP address and the mask; * the host address (**HostID**) by performing a bitwise logical AND between the IP address and the complement of the mask. @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ There are also specific addresses within a network, which must be identified. Th **Logic and Operations** - When both are true (1), the result is true (1); otherwise, it is false (0) -* The last address of a range is the **broadcast address**. It is used to broadcast information to all the machines on the network. Keep the Network Bits unchanged and replace all Host Bits with 1 to obtain the this address. +* The last address of a range is the **broadcast address**. It is used to broadcast information to all the machines on the network. Keep the network bits unchanged and replace all host bits with 1 to obtain the this address. ``` 192.168.1.10 ==> 11000000.10101000.00000001.00001010