Rollup merge of #147225 - daxpedda:wasm-u-u-atomics-threads, r=alexcrichton

Don't enable shared memory by default with Wasm atomics

This prepares us for a future where LLVM eventually stabilizes the atomics target feature, in which case we don't want to inflate atomics with threads. Otherwise users would be stuck with shared memory even when they don't want it/need it.

### Context

Currently the atomics target features is unstable and can't be used without re-building Std with it (`-Zbuild-std`).
Enabling the atomics target feature automatically enables shared memory.
Shared memory is required to actually allow multi-threading.
However, shared memory comes with a performance overhead when atomic instructions aren't able to be lowered to regular memory access instructions or when interacting with certain Web APIs.
So it is very undesirable to enable shared memory by default for the majority of users.

While it is possible to use atomics without shared memory, the question remains what use-case this scenario has.
The only one I can think of would involve multiple memories, where the main memory remains un-shared but a second shared memory exists. While Rust doesn't support multiple memories, it might be possible with inline assembly (#136382).

So alternatively, we might consider *not* enabling atomics by default even when LLVM does. In which case everything would remain the same.

---

This will break current Web multi-threading users. To address this they can add the following `RUSTFLAGS`:
```
-Clink-args=--shared-memory,--max-memory=1073741824,--import-memory,--export=__wasm_init_tls,--export=__tls_size,--export=__tls_align,--export=__tls_base
```

We could add a new experimental flag that enables the right linker arguments for users, but I feel that's not in Rusts scope. Or like suggested before: a Rust-only `threads` target feature.

Addresses #77839.
r? ``@alexcrichton``

Author: matthiaskrgr

compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/linker.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ use rustc_middle::middle::exported_symbols::{
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 use rustc_session::Session;
 use rustc_session::config::{self, CrateType, DebugInfo, LinkerPluginLto, Lto, OptLevel, Strip};
-use rustc_span::sym;
 use rustc_target::spec::{Cc, LinkOutputKind, LinkerFlavor, Lld};
 use tracing::{debug, warn};
 
@@ -1324,37 +1323,7 @@ struct WasmLd<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> WasmLd<'a> {
     fn new(cmd: Command, sess: &'a Session) -> WasmLd<'a> {
-        // If the atomics feature is enabled for wasm then we need a whole bunch
-        // of flags:
-        //
-        // * `--shared-memory` - the link won't even succeed without this, flags
-        //   the one linear memory as `shared`
-        //
-        // * `--max-memory=1G` - when specifying a shared memory this must also
-        //   be specified. We conservatively choose 1GB but users should be able
-        //   to override this with `-C link-arg`.
-        //
-        // * `--import-memory` - it doesn't make much sense for memory to be
-        //   exported in a threaded module because typically you're
-        //   sharing memory and instantiating the module multiple times. As a
-        //   result if it were exported then we'd just have no sharing.
-        //
-        // On wasm32-unknown-unknown, we also export symbols for glue code to use:
-        //    * `--export=*tls*` - when `#[thread_local]` symbols are used these
-        //      symbols are how the TLS segments are initialized and configured.
-        let mut wasm_ld = WasmLd { cmd, sess };
-        if sess.target_features.contains(&sym::atomics) {
-            wasm_ld.link_args(&["--shared-memory", "--max-memory=1073741824", "--import-memory"]);
-            if sess.target.os == "unknown" || sess.target.os == "none" {
-                wasm_ld.link_args(&[
-                    "--export=__wasm_init_tls",
-                    "--export=__tls_size",
-                    "--export=__tls_align",
-                    "--export=__tls_base",
-                ]);
-            }
-        }
-        wasm_ld
+        WasmLd { cmd, sess }
     }
 }
 

compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/wasm32_wali_linux_musl.rs

@@ -6,11 +6,18 @@ use crate::spec::{Cc, LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetMetadata, base};
 pub(crate) fn target() -> Target {
     let mut options = base::linux_wasm::opts();
 
-    options
-        .add_pre_link_args(LinkerFlavor::WasmLld(Cc::No), &["--export-memory", "--shared-memory"]);
+    options.add_pre_link_args(
+        LinkerFlavor::WasmLld(Cc::No),
+        &["--export-memory", "--shared-memory", "--max-memory=1073741824"],
+    );
     options.add_pre_link_args(
         LinkerFlavor::WasmLld(Cc::Yes),
-        &["--target=wasm32-wasi-threads", "-Wl,--export-memory,", "-Wl,--shared-memory"],
+        &[
+            "--target=wasm32-wasi-threads",
+            "-Wl,--export-memory,",
+            "-Wl,--shared-memory",
+            "-Wl,--max-memory=1073741824",
+        ],
     );
 
     Target {

compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/wasm32_wasip1_threads.rs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub(crate) fn target() -> Target {
 
     options.add_pre_link_args(
         LinkerFlavor::WasmLld(Cc::No),
-        &["--import-memory", "--export-memory", "--shared-memory"],
+        &["--import-memory", "--export-memory", "--shared-memory", "--max-memory=1073741824"],
     );
     options.add_pre_link_args(
         LinkerFlavor::WasmLld(Cc::Yes),
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ pub(crate) fn target() -> Target {
             "-Wl,--import-memory",
             "-Wl,--export-memory,",
             "-Wl,--shared-memory",
+            "-Wl,--max-memory=1073741824",
         ],
     );