diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/ErrorMessageID.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/ErrorMessageID.scala
index 600370509c6f..b077989f4f9a 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/ErrorMessageID.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/ErrorMessageID.scala
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ enum ErrorMessageID(val isActive: Boolean = true) extends java.lang.Enum[ErrorMe
   case IllegalUnrollPlacementID // errorNumber: 207  - unused in LTS
   case ExtensionHasDefaultID // errorNumber: 208
   case FormatInterpolationErrorID // errorNumber: 209
+  case ValueClassCannotExtendAliasOfAnyValID // errorNumber: 210
 
   def errorNumber = ordinal - 1
 
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/messages.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/messages.scala
index 6c1f8ed939d6..896dcb497e00 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/messages.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/messages.scala
@@ -1793,6 +1793,12 @@ class ValueClassParameterMayNotBeCallByName(valueClass: Symbol, param: Symbol)(u
   def explain(using Context) = ""
 }
 
+class ValueClassCannotExtendAliasOfAnyVal(valueClass: Symbol, alias: Symbol)(using Context)
+  extends SyntaxMsg(ValueClassCannotExtendAliasOfAnyValID) {
+  def msg(using Context) = i"""A value class cannot extend a type alias ($alias) of ${hl("AnyVal")}"""
+  def explain(using Context) = ""
+}
+
 class SuperCallsNotAllowedInlineable(symbol: Symbol)(using Context)
   extends SyntaxMsg(SuperCallsNotAllowedInlineableID) {
   def msg(using Context) = i"Super call not allowed in inlineable $symbol"
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/TreeChecker.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/TreeChecker.scala
index 33d1ea20df14..9d29344789c3 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/TreeChecker.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/TreeChecker.scala
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ object TreeChecker {
     private val everDefinedSyms = MutableSymbolMap[untpd.Tree]()
 
     // don't check value classes after typer, as the constraint about constructors doesn't hold after transform
-    override def checkDerivedValueClass(clazz: Symbol, stats: List[Tree])(using Context): Unit = ()
+    override def checkDerivedValueClass(cdef: untpd.TypeDef, clazz: Symbol, stats: List[Tree])(using Context): Unit = ()
 
     def withDefinedSyms[T](trees: List[untpd.Tree])(op: => T)(using Context): T = {
       var locally = List.empty[Symbol]
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Checking.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Checking.scala
index dda32fd380a7..8b6e875ab6ff 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Checking.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Checking.scala
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ object Checking {
   }
 
   /** Verify classes extending AnyVal meet the requirements */
-  def checkDerivedValueClass(clazz: Symbol, stats: List[Tree])(using Context): Unit = {
+  def checkDerivedValueClass(cdef: untpd.TypeDef, clazz: Symbol, stats: List[Tree])(using Context): Unit = {
     def checkValueClassMember(stat: Tree) = stat match {
       case _: TypeDef if stat.symbol.isClass =>
         report.error(ValueClassesMayNotDefineInner(clazz, stat.symbol), stat.srcPos)
@@ -733,6 +733,14 @@ object Checking {
       case _ =>
         report.error(ValueClassesMayNotContainInitalization(clazz), stat.srcPos)
     }
+    inline def checkParentIsNotAnyValAlias(): Unit =
+      cdef.rhs match {
+        case impl: Template =>
+          val parent = impl.parents.head
+          if parent.symbol.isAliasType && parent.typeOpt.dealias =:= defn.AnyValType then
+            report.error(ValueClassCannotExtendAliasOfAnyVal(clazz, parent.symbol), cdef.srcPos)
+        case _ => ()
+      }
     // We don't check synthesised enum anonymous classes that are generated from
     // enum extending a value class type (AnyVal or an alias of it)
     // The error message 'EnumMayNotBeValueClassesID' will take care of generating the error message (See #22236)
@@ -747,6 +755,9 @@ object Checking {
         report.error(ValueClassesMayNotBeAbstract(clazz), clazz.srcPos)
       if (!clazz.isStatic)
         report.error(ValueClassesMayNotBeContainted(clazz), clazz.srcPos)
+
+      checkParentIsNotAnyValAlias()
+
       if (isDerivedValueClass(underlyingOfValueClass(clazz.asClass).classSymbol))
         report.error(ValueClassesMayNotWrapAnotherValueClass(clazz), clazz.srcPos)
       else {
@@ -1228,8 +1239,8 @@ trait Checking {
     else tpt
 
   /** Verify classes extending AnyVal meet the requirements */
-  def checkDerivedValueClass(clazz: Symbol, stats: List[Tree])(using Context): Unit =
-    Checking.checkDerivedValueClass(clazz, stats)
+  def checkDerivedValueClass(cdef: untpd.TypeDef, clazz: Symbol, stats: List[Tree])(using Context): Unit =
+    Checking.checkDerivedValueClass(cdef, clazz, stats)
 
   /** Check that case classes are not inherited by case classes.
    */
@@ -1600,7 +1611,7 @@ trait NoChecking extends ReChecking {
   override def checkNoTargetNameConflict(stats: List[Tree])(using Context): Unit = ()
   override def checkParentCall(call: Tree, caller: ClassSymbol)(using Context): Unit = ()
   override def checkSimpleKinded(tpt: Tree)(using Context): Tree = tpt
-  override def checkDerivedValueClass(clazz: Symbol, stats: List[Tree])(using Context): Unit = ()
+  override def checkDerivedValueClass(cdef: untpd.TypeDef, clazz: Symbol, stats: List[Tree])(using Context): Unit = ()
   override def checkCaseInheritance(parentSym: Symbol, caseCls: ClassSymbol, pos: SrcPos)(using Context): Unit = ()
   override def checkNoForwardDependencies(vparams: List[ValDef])(using Context): Unit = ()
   override def checkMembersOK(tp: Type, pos: SrcPos)(using Context): Type = tp
diff --git a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Typer.scala b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Typer.scala
index bdf1151e9b35..035d57cfc230 100644
--- a/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Typer.scala
+++ b/compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Typer.scala
@@ -2779,7 +2779,7 @@ class Typer(@constructorOnly nestingLevel: Int = 0) extends Namer
       checkNonCyclicInherited(cls.thisType, cls.info.parents, cls.info.decls, cdef.srcPos)
 
       // check value class constraints
-      checkDerivedValueClass(cls, body1)
+      checkDerivedValueClass(cdef, cls, body1)
 
       // check PolyFunction constraints (no erased functions!)
       if parents1.exists(_.tpe.classSymbol eq defn.PolyFunctionClass) then
diff --git a/tests/neg/i21918.scala b/tests/neg/i21918.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bd3361b38c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/neg/i21918.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+type AliasToAnyVal = AnyVal
+class Foo(a: Int) extends AliasToAnyVal // error