diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index de3e87cee3..3d0ba28e83 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # ggplot2 (development version)
 
+* `position_jitterdodge()` now dodges by `group` (@teunbrand, #3656)
 * The `arrow.fill` parameter is now applied to more line-based functions: 
   `geom_path()`, `geom_line()`, `geom_step()` `geom_function()`, line 
    geometries in `geom_sf()` and `element_line()`.
diff --git a/R/position-jitterdodge.R b/R/position-jitterdodge.R
index fba28a47fa..768f3d8385 100644
--- a/R/position-jitterdodge.R
+++ b/R/position-jitterdodge.R
@@ -47,21 +47,14 @@ PositionJitterdodge <- ggproto("PositionJitterdodge", Position,
     flipped_aes <- has_flipped_aes(data)
     data <- flip_data(data, flipped_aes)
     width <- self$jitter.width %||% (resolution(data$x, zero = FALSE, TRUE) * 0.4)
-    # Adjust the x transformation based on the number of 'dodge' variables
-    possible_dodge <- c("fill", "colour", "linetype", "shape", "size", "alpha")
-    dodgecols <- intersect(possible_dodge, colnames(data))
-    if (length(dodgecols) == 0) {
-      cli::cli_abort(c(
-        "{.fn position_jitterdodge} requires at least one aesthetic to dodge by.",
-        i = "Use one of {.or {.val {possible_dodge}}} aesthetics."
-        ))
-    }
-    ndodge    <- lapply(data[dodgecols], levels)  # returns NULL for numeric, i.e. non-dodge layers
-    ndodge    <- vec_unique_count(unlist(ndodge))
+
+    ndodge <- vec_unique(data[c("group", "PANEL", "x")])
+    ndodge <- vec_group_id(ndodge[c("PANEL", "x")])
+    ndodge <- max(tabulate(ndodge, attr(ndodge, "n")))
 
     list(
-      dodge.width = self$dodge.width,
-      jitter.height = self$jitter.height,
+      dodge.width = self$dodge.width %||% 0.75,
+      jitter.height = self$jitter.height %||% 0,
       jitter.width = width / (ndodge + 2),
       seed = self$seed,
       flipped_aes = flipped_aes
diff --git a/tests/testthat/_snaps/position-jitterdodge.md b/tests/testthat/_snaps/position-jitterdodge.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 1a387e880e..0000000000
--- a/tests/testthat/_snaps/position-jitterdodge.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-# position_jitterdodge() fails with meaningful error
-
-    Problem while computing position.
-    i Error occurred in the 1st layer.
-    Caused by error in `setup_params()`:
-    ! `position_jitterdodge()` requires at least one aesthetic to dodge by.
-    i Use one of "fill", "colour", "linetype", "shape", "size", or "alpha" aesthetics.
-
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test-position-jitterdodge.R b/tests/testthat/test-position-jitterdodge.R
index 49e8378666..fb3274e61a 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test-position-jitterdodge.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test-position-jitterdodge.R
@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
-test_that("position_jitterdodge() fails with meaningful error", {
-  p <- ggplot(mtcars) + geom_point(aes(disp, mpg), position = 'jitterdodge')
-  expect_snapshot_error(ggplot_build(p))
-})
-
 test_that("position_jitterdodge preserves widths", {
   ld <- layer_data(
     ggplot(mtcars, aes(factor(cyl), fill = factor(am))) +