Circular `using` and `export` causes binding partition walker to get stuck

[KristofferC]

Defining a "circular" export and using in the following manner hang

module P
module M
    using ..P
    export A
end

using .M
export A

end

Some profiling shows:

    38.65%  julia    sys.so                       [.] julia_intersect_80077
    33.72%  julia    sys.so                       [.] julia_walk_binding_partition_117381
    23.16%  julia    libjulia-internal.so.1.12.0  [.] jl_get_binding_partition
     2.41%  julia    libjulia-internal.so.1.12.0  [.] jl_bpart_get_restriction_value
     1.79%  julia    libjulia-internal.so.1.12.0  [.] jl_bpart_get_kind

so I guess the binding partition walker keeps walking in circles.

This happens for ObjectFile.jl in the wild for example.

[Keno]

This is another manifestation of #57638 with different symptoms. My fix (I've gone through a few versions, but I think I've arrived at something I'm happy with) will cover both.

[KristofferC]

Okay but note that this case does not hang on 1.12-nightly, only on the backport branch.