Make BoundsError lazy and move Memory boundscheck to Julia

[oscardssmith]

This is a revival of #43738 with a lot of changes. The biggest by far is that with this version of the PR, I'm trying to get the BoundsError to semantically not escape the input argument so that LLVM escape analysis doesn't see bounds error construction as a potential escape (motivated by #55913). That said, this will likely significantly increase IR size, so I'm not sure if it is worth it or if this is a good tradeoff...

[giordano]

I tried to revive this PR (I can push my local changes if helpful, at least to resolve the merge conflict), but the problem is that getfield doesn't throw a BoundsError with the summary type introduced here:

Test Failed at /cache/build/tester-demeter6-11/julialang/julia-master/julia-bf20618f35/share/julia/test/core.jl:1316
  Expression: getfield(z, -1)
    Expected: BoundsError(Core.Summarized("Complex{Int64}", nothing, Complex{Int64}), -1)
      Thrown: BoundsError(3 + 4im, -1)
      BoundsError: attempt to access Complex{Int64} at index [-1]
      Stacktrace:
       [1] macro expansion
         @ /cache/build/tester-demeter6-11/julialang/julia-master/julia-bf20618f35/share/julia/test/core.jl:1316 [inlined]
       [2] macro expansion
         @ /cache/build/tester-demeter6-11/julialang/julia-master/julia-bf20618f35/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/Test/src/Test.jl:773 [inlined]
       [3] top-level scope
         @ /cache/build/tester-demeter6-11/julialang/julia-master/julia-bf20618f35/share/julia/test/core.jl:1316

I don't quite know how to fix that, I don't know where getfield is defined and throws the error (I presume it's somewhere in the C++ code?)

[oscardssmith]

see emit_getfield_unknownidx in cgutils.cpp

[giordano]

In the meantime I pushed the commits to resolve the merge conflicts, but I didn't have a chance to look into the getfield issue.