Django web-app framework
(1) add Path & check default path while installing Python Engine.
(2) to see env path in system.
(3) to see GUI Dirctory in system.
(4) to check Python version in Terminal | cmd.exe
https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-TW/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/development_environment
open Terminal (在微軟稱為命令提示字元)
$ cd c:\
$ pip3 install virtualenv
Successfully installed appdirs-1.4.3 distlib-0.3.0 filelock-3.0.12 virtualenv-20.0.3
$virtualenv < virtual env name >
Question1 issued
C:>virtualenv DjangoEnv 'virtualenv' 不是內部或外部命令、可執行的程式或批次檔 (Bug!!!) ?????
Question1 solved
$pip3 install virtualenvwrapper-win (這可以執行ㄟ 讚!!!)
next step:
$mkvirtualenv QsEnv
????? Question2 issued ?????
C:\Users\109009>mkvirtualenv QsEnv 'mkvirtualenv' 不是內部或外部命令、可執行的程式或批次檔 。
$pip3 install django
add this path to 'PATH' 'C:\Users\Queen\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.7_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python37\Scripts'
????? Question3 issued ?????
C:\Users\109009>django-admin QsDjango 'django-admin' 不是內部或外部命令、可執行的程式或批次檔 。
check module version
$python3 - m django --version
$py -3 -m django --version
3.0.3
if you use Mac OS , then edit it by opening ~./.profile, and use vim
if you use Windows, then open cmd.exe(命令提示字元), cmd it in bash like
$echo %path%
if the PATH is not on the path, then :
https://support.microsoft.com/zh-tw/help/2542410
if you use windows 10, and use 中文版本, then ->
搜索(1)系統內容，點選(2)進階設定，
按下(3)環境變數再行修改即可。
(4)貼上環境值時，請去掉 ' ' quote symbol。
deactivate — 退出當前的Python虛擬環境
workon — 列出可用的虛擬環境
workon name_of_environment — 激活指定的Python虛擬環境
rmvirtualenv name_of_environment — 刪除指定的環境
C:\Users\Queen\Envs\Queens> there are a Project called QsPy
$cd < root dir >
$django-admin startproject < project name >
$cd < project name >
C:\Users\Queen\Envs\Queens> there are a Project called QsPy
C:\Users\109009\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\python.exe: No module named QsPy.main; 'QsPy' is a package and cannot be directly executed
plz open th dir called QsPy
the structure is as following ->
QsPy (Folder name) ---- manage.py
|
---- QsPy (project name as root) |
---- __init__.py
|
---- asgi.py
|
---- setting.py
|
---- urls.py
|
---- wsgi.py
code files:
(1) manage.py import execute_command_line from django.core.management
build app
start server
prompt shell
(2) settings.py as config files
(3) urls.py as config files
(4) __init__.py (empty)
(5) asgi.py
(6) wsgi.py
cd <project folder>
$python manage.py startapp <app name>
(Top Level)/(App Name)
plz open QsPy/QueenPy
QueenPy (app name) ----- migrations dir/
|
----- __init__.py
|
----- admin.py
|
----- apps.py
|
----- models.py
|
----- tests.py
|
----- views.py
cd .., from app folder to project folder
$md templates
$md static
Top Level
QsPy (Folder name) ----- manage.py
|
| Bottom Level
----- QsPy (project name as root)
|
----- templates (new folder)
|
----- static (new folder)
|
----- QueenPy (App name)
cd .., from app folder to project folder
$python manage.py makemigrations <app name>
Top Level
QsPy (Folder name) ----- manage.py
|
| Bottom Level
----- QsPy (project name as root)
|
----- templates
|
----- static
|
| After Making Migartions
----- QueenPy (app) ----- migrations (new folder)
|
|
| After Making Migartions
----- db.sqlite3
倘若省略 後方的參數，則如上指令會對專案中所有 app 進行 makemigrations， 接著會在個別 app 目錄下建立 migrations 目錄。
利用 migrate 可以根據 migration records sync this module to DB.
$python manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader Performing system checks... System check identified no issues(0 silenced).
Django version 3.0.3, using settings 'QsPy.settings' Start developing server at http:127.0.0.1:8000/
then go to browser to surf the URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/ will see how successful you are!
[time] "GET / Http/ 1.1" 200 16351 [time] "GET / favicon.ico http/1.1" 404 1970
$cd C:\<virtual env>
$Scripts\activate
$cd <project> #it hereby means Uplevel Project Folder
$python manage.py runserver
plz open QsPy/QsPy/settings.py
add value '' in below Varibale called INSTALLED_APPS
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'<app name>'
]
map k/v as 'DIRS':[os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')] in Varibal called TEMPLATES
# BASE_DIR 為 APP 應用程式目錄代稱
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [ ],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
plz open QsPy/QsPy/settings.py
static (全小寫無複數s) 目錄儲存 local 的 image, CSS, JS files
ctrl+f to serach the STATIC_URL = '/static/' this phrase,
and add code line as below:
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
# BASE_DIR 為 APP 應用程式目錄代稱
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
] # to add path
plz open QsPy/QsPy/settings.py
add value to the Variable called TIME_ZONE & LANGUAGE_CODE
such as 'zh-Hant' & 'Asia/Taipei'
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
plz go into bottom level project folder as QsPy/QsPy and cd to urls.py
using tools called django.urls.path, it plays role as Router in Web app
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
#from django.conf.urls import url # it seems deprecated
from <app name>.views import <function name>
from QueenPy.views import qsMethodCalled
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls), # to route url path to the function
path('url_info_path', function_name)
path( '', qsMethodCalled), #to use rex to show info_path in URL
# to remove / slash to fix this router.
]
go to /views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
def qsMethodCalled(request):
return HttpResponse("haha, you must like cat as me. Miao~")
to render UI, there are many steps to do it, this the modified file in stucture =>
Top Level Project Folder (root) ----- templates --- add a html file
|
|
----- static (may be add some image or css)
|
|
----- Bottom level Project Folder --- urls.py as Router('infopath', function_name)
|
|
----- App Folder --- views.py - to add functions
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go to Upper Level Project Folder, and open templates folder, to add on a html file.
<title> PoupouCat </title>...words hereby...
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to add varibale in {{}} double object syntax embeded in html templates.
member name: {{user_name}}
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- go to app folder/views.py, in this case will be Qspy(top level project)/QueenPy(app folder)/view.py
and using shortcuts.render() method instead of HttpResponse() method
render(req, 'html.file', locals())
the 1st param means http request in GET | POST method
the 2nd param is a templates file name in string type.
the 3rd param is callback of locals() method, to pass local variables
locals()
/// from django.shortcuts import render from django.http import HttpResponse
def qsMethodCalled(request, user_name):
time_now = datetime.now()
#return HttpResponse("haha, you must like cat as me. Miao~")
def renderMiao(request, user_name):
return render(request, "miao.html", locals())
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- go to Bottom Level Project Folder/uls.py to add router there, so url req -> go to the sepecific method called mapping in ../App Folder/views.py
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4-1. from .views import <function_name>
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4-2. add code line to do router
from QueenPy.views import qsMethodCalled, renderMiao # add methods urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), # to route url path to the function path( '', function_name), #to use rex to show info_path in URL # to remove / slash to fix this router. path('infopath/(\w+)', renderMiao) ]
to render UI, there are many steps to do it, this the modified file structure in stucture =>
Top Level Project Folder (root) ----- templates --- add a html file
|
|
----- static --- css
| --- image (add on)
| --- js
|
----- Bottom level Project Folder (urls.py as Router('infopath', function_name))
|
|
----- App Folder --- views.py (functions add on)
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route URL to function in < down_level_project > / urls.py
from django.urls import path from < app_name >.views import < function_name >
urlpatterns = [
path(r'infopath/', function_name),]
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add function to render html in < app_name > / views.py
from django.shortcuts import render from django.http import HttpResponse
def function_name(request):
return render(request, "a_file_name_.html", locals())
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add variable and local path in html
< top level project > / templates / a_file_name_.html
{% load static %} # instead of staticfiles <img src='{% static "image_name.png" %}'>
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mapping local path and indirect path in project structure
add image_name upnder < top level project > / static
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check static path in project structure, open < Top Level Project > / settings.py
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
#BASE_DIR 為 APP 應用程式目錄代稱 STATICFILES_DIRS = [ os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'), ]
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