Add support for encoding lossy webp images with alpha channels

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Webp/AlphaEncoder.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using System;
+using System.Buffers;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Advanced;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Webp.Lossless;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Webp
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Methods for encoding the alpha data of a VP8 image.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class AlphaEncoder : IDisposable
+    {
+        private IMemoryOwner<byte> alphaData;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Encodes the alpha channel data.
+        /// Data is either compressed as lossless webp image or uncompressed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TPixel">The pixel format.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="image">The <see cref="ImageFrame{TPixel}"/> to encode from.</param>
+        /// <param name="configuration">The global configuration.</param>
+        /// <param name="memoryAllocator">The memory manager.</param>
+        /// <param name="compress">Indicates, if the data should be compressed with the lossless webp compression.</param>
+        /// <param name="size">The size in bytes of the alpha data.</param>
+        /// <returns>The encoded alpha data.</returns>
+        public IMemoryOwner<byte> EncodeAlpha<TPixel>(Image<TPixel> image, Configuration configuration, MemoryAllocator memoryAllocator, bool compress, out int size)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            int width = image.Width;
+            int height = image.Height;
+            this.alphaData = ExtractAlphaChannel(image, configuration, memoryAllocator);
+
+            if (compress)
+            {
+                WebpEncodingMethod effort = WebpEncodingMethod.Default;
+                int quality = 8 * (int)effort;
+                using var lossLessEncoder = new Vp8LEncoder(
+                    memoryAllocator,
+                    configuration,
+                    width,
+                    height,
+                    quality,
+                    effort,
+                    WebpTransparentColorMode.Preserve,
+                    false,
+                    0);
+
+                // The transparency information will be stored in the green channel of the ARGB quadruplet.
+                // The green channel is allowed extra transformation steps in the specification -- unlike the other channels,
+                // that can improve compression.
+                using Image<Rgba32> alphaAsImage = DispatchAlphaToGreen(image, this.alphaData.GetSpan());
+
+                size = lossLessEncoder.EncodeAlphaImageData(alphaAsImage, this.alphaData);
+
+                return this.alphaData;
+            }
+
+            size = width * height;
+            return this.alphaData;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Store the transparency in the green channel.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TPixel">The pixel format.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="image">The <see cref="ImageFrame{TPixel}"/> to encode from.</param>
+        /// <param name="alphaData">A byte sequence of length width * height, containing all the 8-bit transparency values in scan order.</param>
+        /// <returns>The transparency image.</returns>
+        private static Image<Rgba32> DispatchAlphaToGreen<TPixel>(Image<TPixel> image, Span<byte> alphaData)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            int width = image.Width;
+            int height = image.Height;
+            var alphaAsImage = new Image<Rgba32>(width, height);
+
+            for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
+            {
+                Memory<Rgba32> rowBuffer = alphaAsImage.DangerousGetPixelRowMemory(y);
+                Span<Rgba32> pixelRow = rowBuffer.Span;
+                Span<byte> alphaRow = alphaData.Slice(y * width, width);
+                for (int x = 0; x < width; x++)
+                {
+                    // Leave A/R/B channels zero'd.
+                    pixelRow[x] = new Rgba32(0, alphaRow[x], 0, 0);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return alphaAsImage;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Extract the alpha data of the image.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TPixel">The pixel format.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="image">The <see cref="ImageFrame{TPixel}"/> to encode from.</param>
+        /// <param name="configuration">The global configuration.</param>
+        /// <param name="memoryAllocator">The memory manager.</param>
+        /// <returns>A byte sequence of length width * height, containing all the 8-bit transparency values in scan order.</returns>
+        private static IMemoryOwner<byte> ExtractAlphaChannel<TPixel>(Image<TPixel> image, Configuration configuration, MemoryAllocator memoryAllocator)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            Buffer2D<TPixel> imageBuffer = image.Frames.RootFrame.PixelBuffer;
+            int height = image.Height;
+            int width = image.Width;
+            IMemoryOwner<byte> alphaDataBuffer = memoryAllocator.Allocate<byte>(width * height);
+            Span<byte> alphaData = alphaDataBuffer.GetSpan();
+
+            using IMemoryOwner<Rgba32> rowBuffer = memoryAllocator.Allocate<Rgba32>(width);
+            Span<Rgba32> rgbaRow = rowBuffer.GetSpan();
+
+            for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
+            {
+                Span<TPixel> rowSpan = imageBuffer.DangerousGetRowSpan(y);
+                PixelOperations<TPixel>.Instance.ToRgba32(configuration, rowSpan, rgbaRow);
+                int offset = y * width;
+                for (int x = 0; x < width; x++)
+                {
+                    alphaData[offset + x] = rgbaRow[x].A;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return alphaDataBuffer;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public void Dispose() => this.alphaData?.Dispose();
+    }
+}

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Webp/BitWriter/BitWriterBase.cs

@@ -47,6 +47,12 @@ internal abstract class BitWriterBase
         /// <param name="stream">The stream to write to.</param>
         public void WriteToStream(Stream stream) => stream.Write(this.Buffer.AsSpan(0, this.NumBytes()));
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the encoded bytes of the image to the given buffer. Call Finish() before this.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="dest">The destination buffer.</param>
+        public void WriteToBuffer(Span<byte> dest) => this.Buffer.AsSpan(0, this.NumBytes()).CopyTo(dest);
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Resizes the buffer to write to.
         /// </summary>
@@ -94,7 +100,7 @@ protected void WriteRiffHeader(Stream stream, uint riffSize)
         /// Calculates the chunk size of EXIF or XMP metadata.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="metadataBytes">The metadata profile bytes.</param>
-        /// <returns>The exif chunk size in bytes.</returns>
+        /// <returns>The metadata chunk size in bytes.</returns>
         protected uint MetadataChunkSize(byte[] metadataBytes)
         {
             uint metaSize = (uint)metadataBytes.Length;
@@ -103,6 +109,19 @@ protected uint MetadataChunkSize(byte[] metadataBytes)
             return metaChunkSize;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Calculates the chunk size of a alpha chunk.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="alphaBytes">The alpha chunk bytes.</param>
+        /// <returns>The alpha data chunk size in bytes.</returns>
+        protected uint AlphaChunkSize(Span<byte> alphaBytes)
+        {
+            uint alphaSize = (uint)alphaBytes.Length + 1;
+            uint alphaChunkSize = WebpConstants.ChunkHeaderSize + alphaSize + (alphaSize & 1);
+
+            return alphaChunkSize;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Writes a metadata profile (EXIF or XMP) to the stream.
         /// </summary>
@@ -128,6 +147,37 @@ protected void WriteMetadataProfile(Stream stream, byte[] metadataBytes, WebpChu
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the alpha chunk to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stream">The stream to write to.</param>
+        /// <param name="dataBytes">The alpha channel data bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="alphaDataIsCompressed">Indicates, if the alpha channel data is compressed.</param>
+        protected void WriteAlphaChunk(Stream stream, Span<byte> dataBytes, bool alphaDataIsCompressed)
+        {
+            uint size = (uint)dataBytes.Length + 1;
+            Span<byte> buf = this.scratchBuffer.AsSpan(0, 4);
+            BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32BigEndian(buf, (uint)WebpChunkType.Alpha);
+            stream.Write(buf);
+            BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(buf, size);
+            stream.Write(buf);
+
+            byte flags = 0;
+            if (alphaDataIsCompressed)
+            {
+                flags |= 1;
+            }
+
+            stream.WriteByte(flags);
+            stream.Write(dataBytes);
+
+            // Add padding byte if needed.
+            if ((size & 1) == 1)
+            {
+                stream.WriteByte(0);
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Writes a VP8X header to the stream.
         /// </summary>

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Webp/BitWriter/Vp8BitWriter.cs

@@ -409,7 +409,17 @@ private void Flush()
         /// <param name="width">The width of the image.</param>
         /// <param name="height">The height of the image.</param>
         /// <param name="hasAlpha">Flag indicating, if a alpha channel is present.</param>
-        public void WriteEncodedImageToStream(Stream stream, ExifProfile exifProfile, XmpProfile xmpProfile, uint width, uint height, bool hasAlpha)
+        /// <param name="alphaData">The alpha channel data.</param>
+        /// <param name="alphaDataIsCompressed">Indicates, if the alpha data is compressed.</param>
+        public void WriteEncodedImageToStream(
+            Stream stream,
+            ExifProfile exifProfile,
+            XmpProfile xmpProfile,
+            uint width,
+            uint height,
+            bool hasAlpha,
+            Span<byte> alphaData,
+            bool alphaDataIsCompressed)
         {
             bool isVp8X = false;
             byte[] exifBytes = null;
@@ -418,19 +428,28 @@ public void WriteEncodedImageToStream(Stream stream, ExifProfile exifProfile, Xm
             if (exifProfile != null)
             {
                 isVp8X = true;
-                riffSize += ExtendedFileChunkSize;
                 exifBytes = exifProfile.ToByteArray();
                 riffSize += this.MetadataChunkSize(exifBytes);
             }
 
             if (xmpProfile != null)
             {
                 isVp8X = true;
-                riffSize += ExtendedFileChunkSize;
                 xmpBytes = xmpProfile.Data;
                 riffSize += this.MetadataChunkSize(xmpBytes);
             }
 
+            if (hasAlpha)
+            {
+                isVp8X = true;
+                riffSize += this.AlphaChunkSize(alphaData);
+            }
+
+            if (isVp8X)
+            {
+                riffSize += ExtendedFileChunkSize;
+            }
+
             this.Finish();
             uint numBytes = (uint)this.NumBytes();
             int mbSize = this.enc.Mbw * this.enc.Mbh;
@@ -451,7 +470,7 @@ public void WriteEncodedImageToStream(Stream stream, ExifProfile exifProfile, Xm
             riffSize += WebpConstants.TagSize + WebpConstants.ChunkHeaderSize + vp8Size;
 
             // Emit headers and partition #0
-            this.WriteWebpHeaders(stream, size0, vp8Size, riffSize, isVp8X, width, height, exifProfile, xmpProfile, hasAlpha);
+            this.WriteWebpHeaders(stream, size0, vp8Size, riffSize, isVp8X, width, height, exifProfile, xmpProfile, hasAlpha, alphaData, alphaDataIsCompressed);
             bitWriterPartZero.WriteToStream(stream);
 
             // Write the encoded image to the stream.
@@ -639,14 +658,30 @@ private void CodeIntraModes(Vp8BitWriter bitWriter)
             while (it.Next());
         }
 
-        private void WriteWebpHeaders(Stream stream, uint size0, uint vp8Size, uint riffSize, bool isVp8X, uint width, uint height, ExifProfile exifProfile, XmpProfile xmpProfile, bool hasAlpha)
+        private void WriteWebpHeaders(
+            Stream stream,
+            uint size0,
+            uint vp8Size,
+            uint riffSize,
+            bool isVp8X,
+            uint width,
+            uint height,
+            ExifProfile exifProfile,
+            XmpProfile xmpProfile,
+            bool hasAlpha,
+            Span<byte> alphaData,
+            bool alphaDataIsCompressed)
         {
             this.WriteRiffHeader(stream, riffSize);
 
             // Write VP8X, header if necessary.
             if (isVp8X)
             {
                 this.WriteVp8XHeader(stream, exifProfile, xmpProfile, width, height, hasAlpha);
+                if (hasAlpha)
+                {
+                    this.WriteAlphaChunk(stream, alphaData, alphaDataIsCompressed);
+                }
             }
 
             this.WriteVp8Header(stream, vp8Size);

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Webp/IWebpEncoderOptions.cs

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ internal interface IWebpEncoderOptions
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets a value indicating whether the alpha plane should be compressed with Webp lossless format.
+        /// Defaults to true.
         /// </summary>
         bool UseAlphaCompression { get; }
 

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Webp/Lossless/Vp8LEncoder.cs

@@ -228,18 +228,20 @@ public Vp8LEncoder(
         public Vp8LHashChain HashChain { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Encodes the image to the specified stream from the <see cref="Image{TPixel}"/>.
+        /// Encodes the image as lossless webp to the specified stream.
         /// </summary>
         /// <typeparam name="TPixel">The pixel format.</typeparam>
         /// <param name="image">The <see cref="Image{TPixel}"/> to encode from.</param>
         /// <param name="stream">The <see cref="Stream"/> to encode the image data to.</param>
         public void Encode<TPixel>(Image<TPixel> image, Stream stream)
             where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
         {
-            image.Metadata.SyncProfiles();
             int width = image.Width;
             int height = image.Height;
 
+            ImageMetadata metadata = image.Metadata;
+            metadata.SyncProfiles();
+
             // Convert image pixels to bgra array.
             bool hasAlpha = this.ConvertPixelsToBgra(image, width, height);
 
@@ -253,11 +255,42 @@ public void Encode<TPixel>(Image<TPixel> image, Stream stream)
             this.EncodeStream(image);
 
             // Write bytes from the bitwriter buffer to the stream.
-            ImageMetadata metadata = image.Metadata;
-            metadata.SyncProfiles();
             this.bitWriter.WriteEncodedImageToStream(stream, metadata.ExifProfile, metadata.XmpProfile, (uint)width, (uint)height, hasAlpha);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Encodes the alpha image data using the webp lossless compression.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TPixel">The type of the pixel.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="image">The <see cref="Image{TPixel}"/> to encode from.</param>
+        /// <param name="alphaData">The destination buffer to write the encoded alpha data to.</param>
+        /// <returns>The size of the compressed data in bytes.
+        /// If the size of the data is the same as the pixel count, the compression would not yield in smaller data and is left uncompressed.
+        /// </returns>
+        public int EncodeAlphaImageData<TPixel>(Image<TPixel> image, IMemoryOwner<byte> alphaData)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            int width = image.Width;
+            int height = image.Height;
+            int pixelCount = width * height;
+
+            // Convert image pixels to bgra array.
+            this.ConvertPixelsToBgra(image, width, height);
+
+            // The image-stream will NOT contain any headers describing the image dimension, the dimension is already known.
+            this.EncodeStream(image);
+            this.bitWriter.Finish();
+            int size = this.bitWriter.NumBytes();
+            if (size >= pixelCount)
+            {
+                // Compressing would not yield in smaller data -> leave the data uncompressed.
+                return pixelCount;
+            }
+
+            this.bitWriter.WriteToBuffer(alphaData.GetSpan());
+            return size;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Writes the image size to the bitwriter buffer.
         /// </summary>