feat(transaction): Support snapshot validation

crates/iceberg/src/spec/snapshot.rs

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ pub type SnapshotRef = Arc<Snapshot>;
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
 /// The operation field is used by some operations, like snapshot expiration, to skip processing certain snapshots.
+#[derive(Hash)]
 pub enum Operation {
     /// Only data files were added and no files were removed.
     Append,

crates/iceberg/src/transaction/append.rs

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ use crate::transaction::Transaction;
 use crate::transaction::snapshot::{
     DefaultManifestProcess, SnapshotProduceAction, SnapshotProduceOperation,
 };
+use crate::transaction::validate::SnapshotValidator;
 use crate::writer::file_writer::ParquetWriter;
 use crate::{Error, ErrorKind};
 
@@ -209,6 +210,8 @@ impl SnapshotProduceOperation for FastAppendOperation {
     }
 }
 
+impl SnapshotValidator for FastAppendOperation {}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use crate::scan::tests::TableTestFixture;

crates/iceberg/src/transaction/mod.rs

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 mod append;
 mod snapshot;
 mod sort_order;
+mod validate;
 
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::collections::HashMap;

crates/iceberg/src/transaction/snapshot.rs

@@ -30,11 +30,12 @@ use crate::spec::{
     SnapshotSummaryCollector, Struct, StructType, Summary, update_snapshot_summaries,
 };
 use crate::transaction::Transaction;
+use crate::transaction::validate::SnapshotValidator;
 use crate::{Error, ErrorKind, TableRequirement, TableUpdate};
 
 const META_ROOT_PATH: &str = "metadata";
 
-pub(crate) trait SnapshotProduceOperation: Send + Sync {
+pub(crate) trait SnapshotProduceOperation: Send + SnapshotValidator + Sync {
     fn operation(&self) -> Operation;
     #[allow(unused)]
     fn delete_entries(

crates/iceberg/src/transaction/validate.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use crate::spec::{ManifestContentType, ManifestFile, Operation, SnapshotRef, TableMetadata};
+use crate::table::Table;
+
+pub(crate) trait SnapshotValidator {
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    fn validate(&self, _table: &Table, _snapshot: Option<&SnapshotRef>) {}
+
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    async fn validation_history(
+        &self,
+        base: &Table,
+        to_snapshot: Option<&SnapshotRef>,
+        from_snapshot: Option<&SnapshotRef>,
+        matching_operations: HashSet<Operation>,
+        manifest_content_type: ManifestContentType,
+    ) -> (Vec<ManifestFile>, HashSet<i64>) {
+        let mut manifests = vec![];
+        let mut new_snapshots = HashSet::new();
+        let mut last_snapshot: Option<&SnapshotRef> = None;
+
+        let snapshots = Self::ancestors_between(to_snapshot, from_snapshot, base.metadata());
+        for current_snapshot in &snapshots {
+            last_snapshot = Some(current_snapshot);
+
+            if matching_operations.contains(&current_snapshot.summary().operation) {
+                new_snapshots.insert(current_snapshot.snapshot_id());
+                current_snapshot
+                    .load_manifest_list(base.file_io(), base.metadata())
+                    .await
+                    .expect("Failed to load manifest list!")
+                    .entries()
+                    .iter()
+                    .for_each(|manifest| {
+                        if manifest.content == manifest_content_type
+                            && manifest.added_snapshot_id == current_snapshot.snapshot_id()
+                        {
+                            manifests.push(manifest.clone());
+                        }
+                    });
+            }
+        }
+
+        if last_snapshot.is_some()
+            && last_snapshot.unwrap().parent_snapshot_id()
+                != from_snapshot.map(|snapshot| snapshot.snapshot_id())
+        {
+            panic!(
+                "Cannot determine history between starting snapshot {} and the last known ancestor {}",
+                from_snapshot.map_or_else(
+                    || "None".to_string(),
+                    |snapshot| snapshot.snapshot_id().to_string()
+                ),
+                last_snapshot.map_or_else(
+                    || "None".to_string(),
+                    |snapshot| snapshot.parent_snapshot_id().unwrap().to_string()
+                )
+            );
+        }
+
+        (manifests, new_snapshots)
+    }
+
+    fn ancestors_between(
+        to_snapshot: Option<&SnapshotRef>,
+        from_snapshot: Option<&SnapshotRef>,
+        table_metadata: &TableMetadata,
+    ) -> Vec<SnapshotRef> {
+        let mut snapshots = Vec::new();
+        let mut current_snapshot = to_snapshot;
+        while let Some(snapshot) = current_snapshot {
+            snapshots.push(Arc::clone(snapshot));
+            match snapshot.parent_snapshot_id() {
+                Some(parent_snapshot_id)
+                    if from_snapshot.is_some()
+                        && parent_snapshot_id == from_snapshot.unwrap().snapshot_id() =>
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+                Some(parent_snapshot_id) => {
+                    current_snapshot = table_metadata.snapshot_by_id(parent_snapshot_id)
+                }
+                None => break,
+            }
+        }
+
+        snapshots
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+    use crate::TableUpdate;
+    use crate::spec::{
+        DataContentType, DataFileBuilder, DataFileFormat, Literal, ManifestContentType, Operation,
+        SnapshotRef, Struct,
+    };
+    use crate::transaction::tests::{make_v2_minimal_table, make_v2_table};
+    use crate::transaction::validate::SnapshotValidator;
+    use crate::transaction::{Table, Transaction};
+
+    struct TestValidator {}
+
+    impl SnapshotValidator for TestValidator {}
+
+    async fn make_v2_table_with_updates() -> (Table, Vec<TableUpdate>) {
+        let table = make_v2_minimal_table();
+        let tx = Transaction::new(&table);
+        let mut action = tx.fast_append(None, vec![]).unwrap();
+
+        let data_file_1 = DataFileBuilder::default()
+            .content(DataContentType::Data)
+            .file_path("test/1.parquet".to_string())
+            .file_format(DataFileFormat::Parquet)
+            .file_size_in_bytes(100)
+            .record_count(1)
+            .partition_spec_id(table.metadata().default_partition_spec_id())
+            .partition(Struct::from_iter([Some(Literal::long(300))]))
+            .build()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let data_file_2 = DataFileBuilder::default()
+            .content(DataContentType::Data)
+            .file_path("test/2.parquet".to_string())
+            .file_format(DataFileFormat::Parquet)
+            .file_size_in_bytes(100)
+            .record_count(1)
+            .partition_spec_id(table.metadata().default_partition_spec_id())
+            .partition(Struct::from_iter([Some(Literal::long(300))]))
+            .build()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        action.add_data_files(vec![data_file_1.clone()]).unwrap();
+        let tx = action.apply().await.unwrap();
+        let mut action = tx.fast_append(None, vec![]).unwrap();
+        action.add_data_files(vec![data_file_2.clone()]).unwrap();
+        let tx = action.apply().await.unwrap();
+
+        (table.clone(), tx.updates)
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_validation_history() {
+        let (table, updates) = make_v2_table_with_updates().await;
+        let parent_snapshot = if let TableUpdate::AddSnapshot { snapshot } = &updates[0] {
+            SnapshotRef::new(snapshot.clone())
+        } else {
+            unreachable!()
+        };
+        let current_snapshot = if let TableUpdate::AddSnapshot { snapshot } = &updates[2] {
+            SnapshotRef::new(snapshot.clone())
+        } else {
+            unreachable!()
+        };
+
+        let test_validator = TestValidator {};
+
+        // specifying from_snapshot, validating up to the from_snapshot
+        let (manifests, snapshots) = test_validator
+            .validation_history(
+                &table,
+                Some(&current_snapshot),
+                Some(&parent_snapshot),
+                HashSet::from([Operation::Append]),
+                ManifestContentType::Data,
+            )
+            .await;
+
+        manifests
+            .iter()
+            .for_each(|manifest| assert_eq!(manifest.content, ManifestContentType::Data));
+        assert_eq!(snapshots.into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec![
+            current_snapshot.snapshot_id()
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ancestor_between() {
+        let table = make_v2_table();
+        let current_snapshot = table.metadata().current_snapshot();
+        let parent_snapshot_id = current_snapshot.unwrap().parent_snapshot_id().unwrap();
+        let parent_snapshot = table.metadata().snapshot_by_id(parent_snapshot_id);
+
+        // not specifying from_snapshot, listing all ancestors
+        let all_ancestors =
+            TestValidator::ancestors_between(current_snapshot, None, table.metadata());
+        assert_eq!(
+            vec![
+                current_snapshot.unwrap().snapshot_id(),
+                current_snapshot.unwrap().parent_snapshot_id().unwrap()
+            ],
+            all_ancestors
+                .iter()
+                .map(|snapshot| snapshot.snapshot_id())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        );
+
+        // specifying from_snapshot, listing only 1 snapshot
+        let ancestors =
+            TestValidator::ancestors_between(current_snapshot, parent_snapshot, table.metadata());
+        assert_eq!(
+            vec![current_snapshot.unwrap().snapshot_id()],
+            ancestors
+                .iter()
+                .map(|snapshot| snapshot.snapshot_id())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        );
+    }
+}