Wrap `IxdtfParser` in a `TemporalParser` and ensure parsing invariants in `temporal_rs`

[nekevss]

Currently parsing in temporal_rs is handled by parsing functions that are private. This should eventually be updates to a TemporalParser that wraps the IxdtfParser and ensures the various invariants of the records internally. By doing this, we can provide a publicly exported TemporalParser for anyone who needs it.