[CLI] add generic retry policy and unit test on async functions

[ZhiHanZ]

I hereby agree to the terms of the CLA available at: https://databend.rs/policies/cla/

Summary

Refactored verify function with generic async retry support, and add unit tests to prove it works

Changelog

• Improvement

Related Issues

Fixes #2275

Test Plan

Unit Tests

Stateless Tests

[databend-bot]

Thanks for the contribution!
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[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #2381 (36d5796) into main (c42c788) will increase coverage by 0%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@          Coverage Diff           @@
##            main   #2381    +/-   ##
======================================
  Coverage     71%     71%            
======================================
  Files        633     639     +6     
  Lines      35754   36041   +287     
======================================
+ Hits       25434   25687   +253     
- Misses     10320   10354    +34     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...datasources/table/fuse/table_do_read_partitions.rs	87% <0%> (-5%)	⬇️
common/base/src/runtime.rs	94% <0%> (-3%)	⬇️
...uery/src/datasources/table/fuse/io/block_reader.rs	78% <0%> (-2%)	⬇️
common/management/src/namespace/namespace_mgr.rs	72% <0%> (-2%)	⬇️
query/src/clusters/cluster.rs	59% <0%> (-2%)	⬇️
metasrv/src/meta_service/meta_service_impl.rs	70% <0%> (-2%)	⬇️
metasrv/src/meta_service/network.rs	78% <0%> (-1%)	⬇️
...y/src/datasources/table/fuse/table_test_fixture.rs	95% <0%> (-1%)	⬇️
...tasources/table/fuse/util/statistic_helper_test.rs	97% <0%> (-1%)	⬇️
...src/datasources/database/system/processes_table.rs	30% <0%> (-1%)	⬇️
... and 15 more

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[BohuTANG]

/lgtm

[databend-bot]

Approved! Thank you for the PR @ZhiHanZ

[databend-bot]

CI Passed
Reviewer Approved
Let's Merge