[PostgreSQL] Update version to 17.5

[lucian-ioan]

Proposed commit message

Update PostgreSQL to version 17.5.

Testing this upgrade will need a running instance of PostgreSQL. Docker-compose file:

version: "3.9"

services:
  postgres:
    image: postgres:17.5
    container_name: postgres-17
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      POSTGRES_USER: postgres
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
      POSTGRES_DB: postgres
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
    networks:
      - default

networks:
  default:
    external: true
    name: elastic-package-stack_default

Checklist

• I have reviewed tips for building integrations and this pull request is aligned with them.
• I have verified that all data streams collect metrics or logs.
• I have added an entry to my package's changelog.yml file.
• I have verified that Kibana version constraints are current according to guidelines.
• I have verified that any added dashboard complies with Kibana's Dashboard good practices

Author's Checklist

• [ ]

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cc @lucian-ioan