feature(node): Add instrumentation to the handler in Hono

[Karibash]

Summary

This PR enhances the Hono integration by adding comprehensive handler instrumentation, error handling capabilities, and thorough test coverage. The changes build upon the basic Hono integration to provide a complete tracing and error monitoring solution.

New Features

• Handler Instrumentation: Added instrumentation for Hono handlers and middleware, providing detailed tracing capabilities
• Error Handler: Implemented setupHonoErrorHandler() function to capture and report errors to Sentry with configurable error filtering
• Public API: Added Hono integration to the main package exports, making it available as @sentry/node
• Tracing Module: Included Hono integration in the tracing integrations index

Bug Fixes

• CJS Compatibility: Fixed an issue where applying patches failed in CommonJS environments
• Type Corrections: Fixed incorrect MiddlewareHandler type definition to ensure proper TypeScript support

Implementation Details

• Instrumentation: Created HonoInstrumentation class that wraps Hono middleware handlers via class extension instead of function replacement for better compatibility
• Type Definitions: Added comprehensive TypeScript type definitions vendored from Hono's official types
• Constants: Defined Hono-specific attribute names for OpenTelemetry integration
• CJS Compatibility: Fixed patching issues in CommonJS environments

Testing

• Integration Tests: Added comprehensive test suite covering:
  • ESM and CJS compatibility
  • Multiple HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH)
  • Various route patterns (sync/async, different paths)
  • Middleware and handler instrumentation verification
  • Error handling scenarios
  • Span attribute validation

Related Issue

close #15260