null gets accidentally eliminated when narrowing by undefined's equality

[Andarist]

🔎 Search Terms

null undefined narrow narrowing reduction equality narrowby

🕗 Version & Regression Information

• This is the behavior in every version I tried*

*it worked differently in 5.1-5.3 because those had a bug in them ( #57202 )

⏯ Playground Link

https://www.typescriptlang.org/play?ts=5.5.0-dev.20240308#code/C4TwDgpgBAggdiA8gIwFYQMbCgXigJUwHsAnAEwB4BnYEgSzgHMAaKAQwQD4BuAKFEhQAysDbBoeeEjSZgfXmUwAbNiWgAzAK5wsdInCgALNlUQB3OAAUSRSCVAUAKlAgAPcXDJVYCFOiycABS8UFBEMlgAXFCOzCFQYDZg0da2EPYgANIQIHEAlNGJtlB03gDWOUTqMfIM4iTqbBjQIqQQFEK4wqLinFAA3vFUEMAiYu2ZLu4QnuWV1UJBFSDRmawAbmxKmhDRQgDamQC6BVDrRHRkfAC+vLxuYKTYWjrAegZUIDqtaqlgFPFOm4PF5uuM4qFLFMQd5LKo3lsOpwIVBJsCZqDllVhHEgjQ2ntgG0kawimAqClWMtVnkBvEMPoaGctjsusZTBY-ulQIEyVQqTlaQB+BJJKj7ZZHKDRbSKdQMCBXO6hOjVQKbbYSHB4WUQeVwRW0tTATQkOB8UIAektUGAhlKLhINhIVCGRLUADphqMehBAssNiyIHl5FabXaHVRDERNEoyHAAOTYNjqdSyW2GaACaAcEDRsysMwQBPrHNKNRsMggKAYTMYCpkdiMNgMJl26BUNgAWyz9qY8VVUHVQdw2qguv1hqgxtN5vi1qgVE0ZEUcGASmrdGwS4wzUVrtC+M93rG4n9OUDmpDvFuQA

💻 Code

type AnyObject = Record<string, any>;
type State = AnyObject;

declare function hasOwnProperty<T extends AnyObject>(
  object: T,
  prop: PropertyKey,
): prop is keyof T;

interface Store<S = State> {
  setState<K extends keyof S>(key: K, value: S[K]): void;
}

export function syncStoreProp<
  S extends State,
  P extends Partial<S>,
  K extends keyof S,
>(store: Store<S>, props: P, key: K) {
  const value = hasOwnProperty(props, key) ? props[key] : undefined;

  if (value === undefined) return;
  // this errors
  store.setState(key, value);

  // this shouldn't affect the type anyhow, we've already checked against the same thing
  if (value === undefined) return;
  // suddently it succeeds
  store.setState(key, value);
}

🙁 Actual behavior

one of the calls errorrs while the other one doesn't

🙂 Expected behavior

i'd expect consistent behavior at both call sites

Additional information about the issue

originally reported by @diegohaz here: https://twitter.com/diegohaz/status/1765674095293747628

[ahejlsberg]

Simpler repro:

function f1<T extends Record<string, any>, K extends keyof T>(x: T[K] | undefined) {
    if (x === undefined) return;
    x;  // T[K] & ({} | null)
    if (x === undefined) return;
    x;  // T[K] & {}
}

[ahejlsberg]

In addition to the odd narrowing behavior demonstrated by the OP and the simplified repro above, we also have inconsistencies in type relationships involving intersections that strip undefined, null, or both:

function f2<T, K extends keyof T>(t: T[K], p1: Partial<T>[K] & {}, p2: Partial<T>[K] & ({} | null)) {
    t = p1;
    t = p2;  // Unexpected error
}

The issue here is missing normalization of intersections in certain cases. Specifically, we only normalize intersections with {}, not intersections with null or undefined.

[Andarist]

@ahejlsberg that feels like an answer to this comment, right? I mean, this extra observed problem would fix what has been described there.

Do you plan to work on fixing this? Or should I try to extend my PR with a fix for this?

[ahejlsberg]

Furthermore, using Record<string, any> as a constraint exhibits some odd behavior:

function f3<T, P extends Record<string, any>>(t: T[keyof T], p1: P[keyof P], p2: P[keyof P] & {}) {
    t = p1;  // Error as expected
    t = p2;  // Missing error
}

function f4<T, P extends Record<string, unknown>>(t: T[keyof T], p1: P[keyof P], p2: P[keyof P] & {}) {
    t = p1;  // Error as expected
    t = p2;  // Error as expected
}

This has to do with the constraint of P[keyof P] being any which effectively circumvents type checking in some cases. In general, it seems suspicious for any instantiable type to have a constraint of any, and we do indeed ignore such constraints in places. Just not everywhere.

[ahejlsberg]

@ahejlsberg that feels like an answer to #57692 (comment), right? I mean, this extra observed problem would fix what has been described there.

Given type parameters S and K extends keyof S, I would expect Partial<S>[K] & ({} | null) to be assignable to S[K]. However, when P extends Partial<S>, I think expecting P[K] & ({} | null) to be assignable to S[K] is getting speculative.

Do you plan to work on fixing this? Or should I try to extend my PR with a fix for this?

I will be putting up a PR that fixes the issues demonstrated by f1 and f2 above.

[Andarist]

However, when P extends Partial<S>, I think expecting P[K] & ({} | null) to be assignable to S[K] is getting speculative.

I can see that but it also means that the P[K] & {} being assignable to S[K] (something that is allowed today) is already speculative too, right?

[ahejlsberg]

I can see that but it also means that the P[K] & {} being assignable to S[K] (something that is allowed today) is already speculative too, right?

Well, it's allowed only because of the oddity of Record<string, any> constraints (see my comment).

[Andarist]

It has been called an oddity but I'm not sure if I should interpret this as "odd but working as intended" or "odd and it could be fixed" 😅 In general, I interpret your comments about this here as the latter but I'm not 100% sure.