GH-108614: Add RESUME_CHECK instruction

[markshannon]

Minimizes overhead of checking for instrumentation and signals in the tier 2 interpreter, and reduces the need for #if TIER_ONE special casing.

• Issue: Remove TIER_ONE and TIER_TWO from bytecodes.c #108614

[brettcannon]

I think this may have broken the Emscripten builds:

In file included from ../../Python/ceval.c:767:
../../Python/generated_cases.c.h:31:22: error: use of undeclared identifier 'emscripten_signal_clock'
            DEOPT_IF(emscripten_signal_clock == 0, RESUME);
                     ^
../../Python/generated_cases.c.h:32:13: error: use of undeclared identifier 'emscripten_signal_clock'
            emscripten_signal_clock -= Py_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNAL_HANDLING;
            ^
2 errors generated.
emcc: error: 'ccache /opt/emsdk/upstream/bin/clang -target wasm32-unknown-emscripten -fignore-exceptions -mllvm -combiner-global-alias-analysis=false -mllvm -enable-emscripten-sjlj -mllvm -disable-lsr -DEMSCRIPTEN -D__EMSCRIPTEN_major__=3 -D__EMSCRIPTEN_minor__=1 -D__EMSCRIPTEN_tiny__=22 -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -I/opt/buildbot/.emscripten_cache/sysroot/include/SDL --sysroot=/opt/buildbot/.emscripten_cache/sysroot -Xclang -iwithsysroot/include/compat -c -fno-strict-overflow -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g3 -O3 -Wall -std=c11 -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wstrict-prototypes -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -fvisibility=hidden -I../../Include/internal -IObjects -IInclude -IPython -I. -I../../Include -fPIC -DPy_BUILD_CORE ../../Python/ceval.c -o Python/ceval.o' failed (returned 1)
make: *** [Makefile:2691: Python/ceval.o] Error 1
make: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
emmake: error: 'make -j2 all' failed (returned 2)

[vstinner]

According to @iritkatriel bisect, this change introduced a regression: #109198