Use PEP 688

[JelleZijlstra]

Fixes #10224

[github-actions]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

pip (https://github.com/pypa/pip)
- src/pip/_internal/network/xmlrpc.py:36: error: Argument 3 of "request" is incompatible with supertype "Transport"; supertype defines the argument type as "Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]]"  [override]
+ src/pip/_internal/network/xmlrpc.py:36: error: Argument 3 of "request" is incompatible with supertype "Transport"; supertype defines the argument type as "SizedBuffer"  [override]

steam.py (https://github.com/Gobot1234/steam.py)
- steam/_const.py:114: error: Incompatible default for argument "unpacker" (default has type "Callable[[Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], int], Tuple[Any, ...]]", argument has type "Callable[[bytes], Tuple[int]]")  [assignment]
+ steam/_const.py:114: error: Incompatible default for argument "unpacker" (default has type "Callable[[Buffer, int], Tuple[Any, ...]]", argument has type "Callable[[bytes], Tuple[int]]")  [assignment]
- steam/ext/csgo/state.py:33: error: Incompatible default for argument "_unpacker" (default has type "Callable[[Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], int], Tuple[Any, ...]]", argument has type "Callable[[bytes], Tuple[float]]")  [assignment]
+ steam/ext/csgo/state.py:33: error: Incompatible default for argument "_unpacker" (default has type "Callable[[Buffer, int], Tuple[Any, ...]]", argument has type "Callable[[bytes], Tuple[float]]")  [assignment]

operator (https://github.com/canonical/operator)
- ops/pebble.py:1343: error: Argument 1 of "write" is incompatible with supertype "BufferedIOBase"; supertype defines the argument type as "Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]]"  [override]
+ ops/pebble.py:1343: error: Argument 1 of "write" is incompatible with supertype "BufferedIOBase"; supertype defines the argument type as "Buffer"  [override]
- ops/model.py:2616: note:     def run(args: Union[Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]], Sequence[Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]]], bufsize: int = ..., executable: Optional[Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]] = ..., stdin: Union[None, int, IO[Any]] = ..., stdout: Union[None, int, IO[Any]] = ..., stderr: Union[None, int, IO[Any]] = ..., preexec_fn: Optional[Callable[[], Any]] = ..., close_fds: bool = ..., shell: bool = ..., cwd: Optional[Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]] = ..., env: Optional[Union[Mapping[bytes, Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]], Mapping[str, Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]]]] = ..., universal_newlines: Optional[Literal[False]] = ..., startupinfo: Any = ..., creationflags: int = ..., restore_signals: bool = ..., start_new_session: bool = ..., pass_fds: Collection[int] = ..., *, capture_output: bool = ..., check: bool = ..., encoding: None = ..., errors: None = ..., input: Optional[Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]]] = ..., text: Optional[Literal[False]] = ..., timeout: Optional[float] = ..., user: Union[str, int, None] = ..., group: Union[str, int, None] = ..., extra_groups: Optional[Iterable[Union[str, int]]] = ..., umask: int = ..., pipesize: int = ..., process_group: Optional[int] = ...) -> CompletedProcess[bytes]
+ ops/model.py:2616: note:     def run(args: Union[Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]], Sequence[Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]]], bufsize: int = ..., executable: Optional[Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]] = ..., stdin: Union[None, int, IO[Any]] = ..., stdout: Union[None, int, IO[Any]] = ..., stderr: Union[None, int, IO[Any]] = ..., preexec_fn: Optional[Callable[[], Any]] = ..., close_fds: bool = ..., shell: bool = ..., cwd: Optional[Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]] = ..., env: Optional[Union[Mapping[bytes, Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]], Mapping[str, Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]]]] = ..., universal_newlines: Optional[Literal[False]] = ..., startupinfo: Any = ..., creationflags: int = ..., restore_signals: bool = ..., start_new_session: bool = ..., pass_fds: Collection[int] = ..., *, capture_output: bool = ..., check: bool = ..., encoding: None = ..., errors: None = ..., input: Optional[Buffer] = ..., text: Optional[Literal[False]] = ..., timeout: Optional[float] = ..., user: Union[str, int, None] = ..., group: Union[str, int, None] = ..., extra_groups: Optional[Iterable[Union[str, int]]] = ..., umask: int = ..., pipesize: int = ..., process_group: Optional[int] = ...) -> CompletedProcess[bytes]
- ops/model.py:2616: note:     def run(args: Union[Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]], Sequence[Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]]], bufsize: int = ..., executable: Optional[Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]] = ..., stdin: Union[None, int, IO[Any]] = ..., stdout: Union[None, int, IO[Any]] = ..., stderr: Union[None, int, IO[Any]] = ..., preexec_fn: Optional[Callable[[], Any]] = ..., close_fds: bool = ..., shell: bool = ..., cwd: Optional[Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]] = ..., env: Optional[Union[Mapping[bytes, Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]], Mapping[str, Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]]]] = ..., universal_newlines: Optional[bool] = ..., startupinfo: Any = ..., creationflags: int = ..., restore_signals: bool = ..., start_new_session: bool = ..., pass_fds: Collection[int] = ..., *, capture_output: bool = ..., check: bool = ..., encoding: Optional[str] = ..., errors: Optional[str] = ..., input: Optional[Union[Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], str]] = ..., text: Optional[bool] = ..., timeout: Optional[float] = ..., user: Union[str, int, None] = ..., group: Union[str, int, None] = ..., extra_groups: Optional[Iterable[Union[str, int]]] = ..., umask: int = ..., pipesize: int = ..., process_group: Optional[int] = ...) -> CompletedProcess[Any]
+ ops/model.py:2616: note:     def run(args: Union[Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]], Sequence[Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]]], bufsize: int = ..., executable: Optional[Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]] = ..., stdin: Union[None, int, IO[Any]] = ..., stdout: Union[None, int, IO[Any]] = ..., stderr: Union[None, int, IO[Any]] = ..., preexec_fn: Optional[Callable[[], Any]] = ..., close_fds: bool = ..., shell: bool = ..., cwd: Optional[Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]] = ..., env: Optional[Union[Mapping[bytes, Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]], Mapping[str, Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]]]] = ..., universal_newlines: Optional[bool] = ..., startupinfo: Any = ..., creationflags: int = ..., restore_signals: bool = ..., start_new_session: bool = ..., pass_fds: Collection[int] = ..., *, capture_output: bool = ..., check: bool = ..., encoding: Optional[str] = ..., errors: Optional[str] = ..., input: Optional[Union[Buffer, str]] = ..., text: Optional[bool] = ..., timeout: Optional[float] = ..., user: Union[str, int, None] = ..., group: Union[str, int, None] = ..., extra_groups: Optional[Iterable[Union[str, int]]] = ..., umask: int = ..., pipesize: int = ..., process_group: Optional[int] = ...) -> CompletedProcess[Any]

isort (https://github.com/pycqa/isort)
- isort/api.py:196: note:     def compile(source: Union[str, Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], Module, Expression, Interactive], filename: Union[str, Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], _PathLike[Any]], mode: str, flags: Literal[0], dont_inherit: bool = ..., optimize: int = ..., *, _feature_version: int = ...) -> CodeType
+ isort/api.py:196: note:     def compile(source: Union[str, Buffer, Module, Expression, Interactive], filename: Union[str, Buffer, _PathLike[Any]], mode: str, flags: Literal[0], dont_inherit: bool = ..., optimize: int = ..., *, _feature_version: int = ...) -> CodeType
- isort/api.py:196: note:     def compile(source: Union[str, Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], Module, Expression, Interactive], filename: Union[str, Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], _PathLike[Any]], mode: str, *, dont_inherit: bool = ..., optimize: int = ..., _feature_version: int = ...) -> CodeType
+ isort/api.py:196: note:     def compile(source: Union[str, Buffer, Module, Expression, Interactive], filename: Union[str, Buffer, _PathLike[Any]], mode: str, *, dont_inherit: bool = ..., optimize: int = ..., _feature_version: int = ...) -> CodeType
- isort/api.py:196: note:     def compile(source: Union[str, Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], Module, Expression, Interactive], filename: Union[str, Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], _PathLike[Any]], mode: str, flags: Literal[1024], dont_inherit: bool = ..., optimize: int = ..., *, _feature_version: int = ...) -> AST
+ isort/api.py:196: note:     def compile(source: Union[str, Buffer, Module, Expression, Interactive], filename: Union[str, Buffer, _PathLike[Any]], mode: str, flags: Literal[1024], dont_inherit: bool = ..., optimize: int = ..., *, _feature_version: int = ...) -> AST
- isort/api.py:196: note:     def compile(source: Union[str, Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], Module, Expression, Interactive], filename: Union[str, Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], _PathLike[Any]], mode: str, flags: int, dont_inherit: bool = ..., optimize: int = ..., *, _feature_version: int = ...) -> Any
+ isort/api.py:196: note:     def compile(source: Union[str, Buffer, Module, Expression, Interactive], filename: Union[str, Buffer, _PathLike[Any]], mode: str, flags: int, dont_inherit: bool = ..., optimize: int = ..., *, _feature_version: int = ...) -> Any
- isort/api.py:223: note:     def compile(source: Union[str, Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], Module, Expression, Interactive], filename: Union[str, Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], _PathLike[Any]], mode: str, flags: Literal[0], dont_inherit: bool = ..., optimize: int = ..., *, _feature_version: int = ...) -> CodeType
+ isort/api.py:223: note:     def compile(source: Union[str, Buffer, Module, Expression, Interactive], filename: Union[str, Buffer, _PathLike[Any]], mode: str, flags: Literal[0], dont_inherit: bool = ..., optimize: int = ..., *, _feature_version: int = ...) -> CodeType
- isort/api.py:223: note:     def compile(source: Union[str, Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], Module, Expression, Interactive], filename: Union[str, Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], _PathLike[Any]], mode: str, *, dont_inherit: bool = ..., optimize: int = ..., _feature_version: int = ...) -> CodeType
+ isort/api.py:223: note:     def compile(source: Union[str, Buffer, Module, Expression, Interactive], filename: Union[str, Buffer, _PathLike[Any]], mode: str, *, dont_inherit: bool = ..., optimize: int = ..., _feature_version: int = ...) -> CodeType
- isort/api.py:223: note:     def compile(source: Union[str, Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], Module, Expression, Interactive], filename: Union[str, Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], _PathLike[Any]], mode: str, flags: Literal[1024], dont_inherit: bool = ..., optimize: int = ..., *, _feature_version: int = ...) -> AST
+ isort/api.py:223: note:     def compile(source: Union[str, Buffer, Module, Expression, Interactive], filename: Union[str, Buffer, _PathLike[Any]], mode: str, flags: Literal[1024], dont_inherit: bool = ..., optimize: int = ..., *, _feature_version: int = ...) -> AST
- isort/api.py:223: note:     def compile(source: Union[str, Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], Module, Expression, Interactive], filename: Union[str, Union[bytes, Union[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer]], _PathLike[Any]], mode: str, flags: int, dont_inherit: bool = ..., optimize: int = ..., *, _feature_version: int = ...) -> Any
+ isort/api.py:223: note:     def compile(source: Union[str, Buffer, Module, Expression, Interactive], filename: Union[str, Buffer, _PathLike[Any]], mode: str, flags: int, dont_inherit: bool = ..., optimize: int = ..., *, _feature_version: int = ...) -> Any

discord.py (https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py)
- discord/app_commands/models.py:205: note:     def __new__(cls, Union[str, bytes, bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], mmap, _CData, PickleBuffer, SupportsInt, SupportsIndex, SupportsTrunc] = ..., /) -> int
+ discord/app_commands/models.py:205: note:     def __new__(cls, Union[str, Buffer, SupportsInt, SupportsIndex, SupportsTrunc] = ..., /) -> int

[AlexWaygood]

Not thrilled about this, as it means our CI won't fail if we have a typo in a __buffer__ method that actually exists at runtime. But I guess I can live with it!

[JelleZijlstra]

Would be nice if the stubtest allowlist would only silence issues about the method not existing, not issues about the signature if it does exist.

[AlexWaygood]

I guess what we're saying is we're both +1 for python/mypy#13703 :)