Check Svelte component instance is detached or not from the document after a microtask tick.

[ikalachy]

Describe the bug

Currently we dealing with incorporating of Svelte component in out big application and at this point I've noticed that Svelte mount several components under shadow dom.
Looking at this issue with duplicate mounts I've tracked to

svelte/packages/svelte/src/internal/client/custom-element.js

Line 92 in 1366932

if (!this.$$cn) {

async connectedCallback() {
  this.$$cn = true;
  if (!this.$$c) {
    // We wait one tick to let possible child slot elements be created/mounted
    await 0;
    if (!this.$$cn) {
      return;
    }
....

here we check this.$$cn and this.$$c but after a tick we refer to this.$$cn only

I've slightly modified this part to recheck both this.$$c and this.$$cn after a tick like this

async connectedCallback() {
  this.$$cn = true;
  if (!this.$$c) {
    // We wait one tick to let possible child slot elements be created/mounted
    await 0;
    if (!this.$$cn || this.$$c) {
      return;
    }

and not I don't see any duplicate components.

My strong believe is that we should check both this.$$c and this.$$cn after a tick and seems like we have an issue here?

Reproduction

no exact steps.
Issue is observable with complex application where we have triggered many mounts/unmounts of the component

Logs

No response

System Info

System:
    OS: macOS 14.3
    CPU: (8) arm64 Apple M1
    Memory: 59.86 MB / 16.00 GB
    Shell: 5.9 - /bin/zsh
  Binaries:
    Node: 18.17.1 - /usr/local/bin/node
    Yarn: 3.6.1 - /opt/homebrew/bin/yarn
    npm: 9.6.7 - /usr/local/bin/npm
  npmPackages:
    rollup: 2.78.0 => 2.78.0 
    svelte: 4.2.8 => 4.2.8

Severity

annoyance

[dummdidumm]

Makes sense, PR welcome!

[hardl]

Some more context and steps to reproduce:
The issue appears, when moving/removing the element directly after it has been attached to the DOM.

1. create a new svelte project via npm create vite@latest -> select svelte
2. in svelte.config.js set customElement: true under compilerOptions
3. in Counter.svelte add <svelte:options customElement="my-element" /> at the beginning of the file
4. run the app (npm i && npm run dev) and open it in your browser
5. open dev tools JS console and execute var element = document.createElement('my-element'); document.body.appendChild(element); element.remove(); and see error Uncaught (in promise) TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading '$destroy') at Component.js:339:15
6. execute var element = document.createElement('my-element'); document.body.appendChild(element); element.remove();document.body.appendChild(element); and you can see two button tags inside the shadow dom

Misbehaviour in both cases doesn't occur if you wait a tick after first DOM attachment:

• var element = document.createElement('my-element'); document.body.appendChild(element); await 0; element.remove();
• var element = document.createElement('my-element'); document.body.appendChild(element); await 0; element.remove();document.body.appendChild(element);