[windows] Various improvements in build.ps1

[weliveindetail]

This PR contains the combined patch-set from the following individual reviews:

• [windows] build.ps1 polishing #77875
• [windows][toolchain] Enable sccache for Clang and add version checks #77874
• [windows] Consolidate dependency infos in build.ps1 (NFC) #77945
• [windows] Revisit compiler notation in build.ps1 weliveindetail/swift#2

[weliveindetail]

Once LLDB testing landed, this needs additions from weliveindetail@buildps1-consolidate-deps-infos-with-lldb-testing

[compnerd]

@swift-ci please test

[hjyamauchi]

@swift-ci please test Windows Platform

I hope this is a transient issue.

[2024-12-04 17:36:51] Building 'C:\Users\swift-ci\jenkins\workspace\swift-PR-windows\swift' to 'T:\101' for arch 'x86_64'...
Error: The term 'if' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.
    at Get-BuiltToolchainTool, C:\Users\swift-ci\jenkins\workspace\swift-PR-windows\swift\utils\build.ps1: line 897
    at Get-ToolchainTool, C:\Users\swift-ci\jenkins\workspace\swift-PR-windows\swift\utils\build.ps1: line 973
    at <ScriptBlock>, C:\Users\swift-ci\jenkins\workspace\swift-PR-windows\swift\utils\build.ps1: line 1122
    at Isolate-EnvVars, C:\Users\swift-ci\jenkins\workspace\swift-PR-windows\swift\utils\build.ps1: line 623
    at Build-CMakeProject, C:\Users\swift-ci\jenkins\workspace\swift-PR-windows\swift\utils\build.ps1: line 1010
    at <ScriptBlock>, C:\Users\swift-ci\jenkins\workspace\swift-PR-windows\swift\utils\build.ps1: line 1893
    at Isolate-EnvVars, C:\Users\swift-ci\jenkins\workspace\swift-PR-windows\swift\utils\build.ps1: line 623
    at Build-Runtime, C:\Users\swift-ci\jenkins\workspace\swift-PR-windows\swift\utils\build.ps1: line 1863
    at Invoke-BuildStep, C:\Users\swift-ci\jenkins\workspace\swift-PR-windows\swift\utils\build.ps1: line 457
    at <ScriptBlock>, C:\Users\swift-ci\jenkins\workspace\swift-PR-windows\swift\utils\build.ps1: line 2878
  From System.Management.Automation.CommandNotFoundException: The term 'if' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.
      at System.Management.Automation.ExceptionHandlingOps.CheckActionPreference(FunctionContext funcContext, Exception exception)
      at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.ActionCallInstruction`2.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
      at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.EnterTryCatchFinallyInstruction.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
      at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.EnterTryCatchFinallyInstruction.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
      at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.Interpreter.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
      at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.LightLambda.RunVoid1[T0](T0 arg0)
      at System.Management.Automation.PSScriptCmdlet.RunClause(Action`1 clause, Object dollarUnderbar, Object inputToProcess)
      at System.Management.Automation.PSScriptCmdlet.DoEndProcessing()
      at System.Management.Automation.CommandProcessorBase.Complete()

[hjyamauchi]

@swift-ci please test Windows Platform

[compnerd]

@swift-ci please smoke test