Fsspec writing

docs/tutorial.rst

@@ -854,13 +854,44 @@ please raise an issue on the GitHub issue tracker with any profiling data you
 can provide, as there may be opportunities to optimise further either within
 Zarr or within the mapping interface to the storage.
 
+IO with ``fsspec``
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+As of version 2.5, zarr supports passing URLs directly to `fsspec`_,
+and having it create the "mapping" instance automatically. This means, that
+for all of the backend storage implementations `supported by fsspec`_,
+you can skip importing and configuring the storage explicitly.
+For example::
+
+    >>> g = zarr.open_group("s3://zarr-demo/store", storage_options={'anon': True})   # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> g['foo/bar/baz'][:].tobytes()  # doctest: +SKIP
+    b'Hello from the cloud!'
+
+The provision of the protocol specifier "s3://" will select the correct backend.
+Notice the kwargs ``storage_options``, used to pass parameters to that backend.
+
+As of version 2.6, write mode and complex URLs are also supported, such as::
+
+    >>> g = zarr.open_group("simplecache::s3://zarr-demo/store",
+    ...                     storage_options={"s3": {'anon': True}})  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> g['foo/bar/baz'][:].tobytes()  # downloads target file  # doctest: +SKIP
+    b'Hello from the cloud!'
+    >>> g['foo/bar/baz'][:].tobytes()  # uses cached file  # doctest: +SKIP
+    b'Hello from the cloud!'
+
+The second invocation here will be much faster. Note that the ``storage_options``
+have become more complex here, to account for the two parts of the supplied
+URL.
+
+.. _fsspec: https://filesystem-spec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+
+.. _supported by fsspec: https://filesystem-spec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#built-in-implementations
+
 .. _tutorial_copy:
 
 Consolidating metadata
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-(This is an experimental feature.)
-
 Since there is a significant overhead for every connection to a cloud object
 store such as S3, the pattern described in the previous section may incur
 significant latency while scanning the metadata of the array hierarchy, even

zarr/convenience.py

@@ -1165,12 +1165,12 @@ def open_consolidated(store, metadata_key='.zmetadata', mode='r+', **kwargs):
     from .storage import ConsolidatedMetadataStore
 
     # normalize parameters
-    store = normalize_store_arg(store)
+    store = normalize_store_arg(store, storage_options=kwargs.get("storage_options", None))
     if mode not in {'r', 'r+'}:
         raise ValueError("invalid mode, expected either 'r' or 'r+'; found {!r}"
                          .format(mode))
 
-    # setup metadata sotre
+    # setup metadata store
     meta_store = ConsolidatedMetadataStore(store, metadata_key=metadata_key)
 
     # pass through

zarr/core.py

@@ -1535,25 +1535,48 @@ def _set_selection(self, indexer, value, fields=None):
             check_array_shape('value', value, sel_shape)
 
         # iterate over chunks in range
-        for chunk_coords, chunk_selection, out_selection in indexer:
+        if not hasattr(self.store, "setitems") or self._synchronizer is not None:
+            # iterative approach
+            for chunk_coords, chunk_selection, out_selection in indexer:
 
-            # extract data to store
-            if sel_shape == ():
-                chunk_value = value
-            elif is_scalar(value, self._dtype):
-                chunk_value = value
-            else:
-                chunk_value = value[out_selection]
-                # handle missing singleton dimensions
-                if indexer.drop_axes:
-                    item = [slice(None)] * self.ndim
-                    for a in indexer.drop_axes:
-                        item[a] = np.newaxis
-                    item = tuple(item)
-                    chunk_value = chunk_value[item]
-
-            # put data
-            self._chunk_setitem(chunk_coords, chunk_selection, chunk_value, fields=fields)
+                # extract data to store
+                if sel_shape == ():
+                    chunk_value = value
+                elif is_scalar(value, self._dtype):
+                    chunk_value = value
+                else:
+                    chunk_value = value[out_selection]
+                    # handle missing singleton dimensions
+                    if indexer.drop_axes:
+                        item = [slice(None)] * self.ndim
+                        for a in indexer.drop_axes:
+                            item[a] = np.newaxis
+                        item = tuple(item)
+                        chunk_value = chunk_value[item]
+
+                # put data
+                self._chunk_setitem(chunk_coords, chunk_selection, chunk_value, fields=fields)
+        else:
+            lchunk_coords, lchunk_selection, lout_selection = zip(*indexer)
+            chunk_values = []
+            for out_selection in lout_selection:
+                if sel_shape == ():
+                    chunk_values.append(value)
+                elif is_scalar(value, self._dtype):
+                    chunk_values.append(value)
+                else:
+                    cv = value[out_selection]
+                    # handle missing singleton dimensions
+                    if indexer.drop_axes:  # pragma: no cover
+                        item = [slice(None)] * self.ndim
+                        for a in indexer.drop_axes:
+                            item[a] = np.newaxis
+                        item = tuple(item)
+                        cv = chunk_value[item]
+                    chunk_values.append(cv)
+
+            self._chunk_setitems(lchunk_coords, lchunk_selection, chunk_values,
+                                 fields=fields)
 
     def _process_chunk(self, out, cdata, chunk_selection, drop_axes,
                        out_is_ndarray, fields, out_selection):
@@ -1677,6 +1700,12 @@ def _chunk_getitems(self, lchunk_coords, lchunk_selection, out, lout_selection,
                         fill_value = self._fill_value
                     out[out_select] = fill_value
 
+    def _chunk_setitems(self, lchunk_coords, lchunk_selection, values, fields=None):
+        ckeys = [self._chunk_key(co) for co in lchunk_coords]
+        cdatas = [self._process_for_setitem(key, sel, val, fields=fields)
+                  for key, sel, val in zip(ckeys, lchunk_selection, values)]
+        self.chunk_store.setitems({k: v for k, v in zip(ckeys, cdatas)})
+
     def _chunk_setitem(self, chunk_coords, chunk_selection, value, fields=None):
         """Replace part or whole of a chunk.
 
@@ -1704,10 +1733,12 @@ def _chunk_setitem(self, chunk_coords, chunk_selection, value, fields=None):
                                        fields=fields)
 
     def _chunk_setitem_nosync(self, chunk_coords, chunk_selection, value, fields=None):
-
-        # obtain key for chunk storage
         ckey = self._chunk_key(chunk_coords)
+        cdata = self._process_for_setitem(ckey, chunk_selection, value, fields=fields)
+        # store
+        self.chunk_store[ckey] = cdata
 
+    def _process_for_setitem(self, ckey, chunk_selection, value, fields=None):
         if is_total_slice(chunk_selection, self._chunks) and not fields:
             # totally replace chunk
 
@@ -1762,10 +1793,7 @@ def _chunk_setitem_nosync(self, chunk_coords, chunk_selection, value, fields=Non
                 chunk[chunk_selection] = value
 
         # encode chunk
-        cdata = self._encode_chunk(chunk)
-
-        # store
-        self.chunk_store[ckey] = cdata
+        return self._encode_chunk(chunk)
 
     def _chunk_key(self, chunk_coords):
         return self._key_prefix + '.'.join(map(str, chunk_coords))

zarr/storage.py

@@ -1021,14 +1021,14 @@ def __init__(self, url, normalize_keys=True, key_separator='.',
                  exceptions=(KeyError, PermissionError, IOError),
                  **storage_options):
         import fsspec
-        self.path = url
         self.normalize_keys = normalize_keys
         self.key_separator = key_separator
         self.map = fsspec.get_mapper(url, **storage_options)
         self.fs = self.map.fs  # for direct operations
+        self.path = self.fs._strip_protocol(url)
         self.mode = mode
         self.exceptions = exceptions
-        if self.fs.exists(url) and not self.fs.isdir(url):
+        if self.fs.exists(self.path) and not self.fs.isdir(self.path):
             raise FSPathExistNotDir(url)
 
     def _normalize_key(self, key):
@@ -1049,16 +1049,22 @@ def __getitem__(self, key):
         except self.exceptions as e:
             raise KeyError(key) from e
 
+    def setitems(self, values):
+        if self.mode == 'r':
+            raise ReadOnlyError()
+        values = {self._normalize_key(key): val for key, val in values.items()}
+        self.map.setitems(values)
+
     def __setitem__(self, key, value):
         if self.mode == 'r':
             raise ReadOnlyError()
         key = self._normalize_key(key)
         path = self.dir_path(key)
-        value = ensure_contiguous_ndarray(value)
         try:
             if self.fs.isdir(path):
                 self.fs.rm(path, recursive=True)
             self.map[key] = value
+            self.fs.invalidate_cache(self.fs._parent(path))
         except self.exceptions as e:
             raise KeyError(key) from e
 

zarr/tests/test_storage.py

@@ -966,17 +966,37 @@ def test_s3_complex(self):
                              fill_value=-1, chunks=(1, 1, 1))
         expected[0] = 0
         expected[3] = 3
+        expected[6, 6, 6] = 6
+        a[6, 6, 6] = 6
         a[:4] = expected[:4]
 
-        a = g.create_dataset("data_f", shape=(8, ), chunks=(1,),
+        b = g.create_dataset("data_f", shape=(8, ), chunks=(1,),
                              dtype=[('foo', 'S3'), ('bar', 'i4')],
                              fill_value=(b"b", 1))
-        a[:4] = (b"aaa", 2)
-        g = zarr.open_group("s3://test/out.zarr", mode='r',
-                            storage_options=self.s3so)
+        b[:4] = (b"aaa", 2)
+        g2 = zarr.open_group("s3://test/out.zarr", mode='r',
+                             storage_options=self.s3so)
+
+        assert (g2.data[:] == expected).all()
+
+        a[:] = 5  # write with scalar
+        assert (a[:] == 5).all()
+
+        assert g2.data_f['foo'].tolist() == [b"aaa"] * 4 + [b"b"] * 4
+        with pytest.raises(PermissionError):
+            g2.data[:] = 5
+
+        with pytest.raises(PermissionError):
+            g2.store.setitems({})
+
+        with pytest.raises(PermissionError):
+            # even though overwrite=True, store is read-only, so fails
+            g2.create_dataset("data", shape=(8, 8, 8), mode='w',
+                              fill_value=-1, chunks=(1, 1, 1), overwrite=True)
 
-        assert (g.data[:] == expected).all()
-        assert g.data_f['foo'].tolist() == [b"aaa"] * 4 + [b"b"] * 4
+        a = g.create_dataset("data", shape=(8, 8, 8), mode='w',
+                             fill_value=-1, chunks=(1, 1, 1), overwrite=True)
+        assert (a[:] == -np.ones((8, 8, 8))).all()
 
 
 @pytest.fixture()
@@ -997,7 +1017,8 @@ def s3(request):
 
     port = 5555
     endpoint_uri = 'http://127.0.0.1:%s/' % port
-    proc = subprocess.Popen(shlex.split("moto_server s3 -p %s" % port))
+    proc = subprocess.Popen(shlex.split("moto_server s3 -p %s" % port),
+                            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
 
     timeout = 5
     while timeout > 0: