Properly handle the adaptive sampling interval overflow

[jbachorik]

What does this PR do?:
It adds safety handling for possible sampling interval overflows

Motivation:
The adaptive sampling interval can overflow int range when a very allocation heavy activity is present - and wrap back to the default value which is terrible for the profile size.
It is much better to just clamp on INT_MAX - yes, we will miss the rate target but not that brutally as when wrapping around to the default interval.

For Datadog employees:

• If this PR touches code that signs or publishes builds or packages, or handles
  credentials of any kind, I've requested a review from @DataDog/security-design-and-guidance.
• This PR doesn't touch any of that.
• JIRA: PROF-11801

Unsure? Have a question? Request a review!

[github-actions]

🔧 Report generated by pr-comment-cppcheck

CppCheck Report

Errors (2)

• There is an unknown macro here somewhere. Configuration is required. If LP64_ONLY is a macro then please configure it.
• syntax error

Warnings (4)

• The class 'RecordingBuffer' defines member function with name 'flushIfNeeded' also defined in its parent class 'Buffer'.
• Member variable 'JitWriteProtection::_restore' is not initialized in the constructor.
• Member variable 'JitWriteProtection::_restore' is not initialized in the constructor.
• Member variable 'ElfParser::_vaddr_diff' is not initialized in the constructor.

Style Violations (295)

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[github-actions]

🔧 Report generated by pr-comment-scanbuild

[r1viollet]

minor, there is already a conversion here from double to float. Then a truncation to an int.

[r1viollet]

LGTM
Thanks for thinking carefully about this!